1, such as Yao
Ruyao, one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, was named because it was located in Ruzhou, Henan Province in the Song Dynasty. Today, Ruyao was discovered in Zhanggong Lane, Ruzhou City, Henan Province and Qingliangsi Village, Daying Town, Baofeng County. Ru Ci ranks first among the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, including Ru Kiln, Guan Kiln, Ge Kiln, Jun Kiln and Ding Kiln, and is known as the "crown of Ru Kiln" in the history of China ceramics. Ruyao is one of the famous traditional porcelain varieties in China. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, the royal family mainly represented Chinese porcelain.
2. Official kilns
The official kilns were specially made for the court by some kilns in Song Gaozong during the Southern Song Dynasty, and were commonly known as "official kilns" at that time. The official kiln was first located in Maogong Cave (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). The official kiln porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty follows the style of the Northern Song Dynasty, with regular symmetry, court momentum, elegant atmosphere and meticulous. Because of the extremely high iron content in the tire soil, it feels heavy, and the tire soil is dark brown, which is later called "purple iron foot". The glaze is heavy and bright, thick as fat and moist as jade. Repeatedly scraping the glaze, the glaze is heavy without glare, the texture layout is regular, and the shape is solemn and generous.
3. Ge Yao
"Ge Kiln" ranks among the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty and occupies an important position in the history of ceramics. Ge kiln tires are purple-black, iron-black and yellow-brown. The glaze is opaque and opaque, and the glaze has a brittle light. The glaze color is mostly fried rice yellow and gray blue, and the size of the glaze is combined with stripes. After dyeing, the large grains are dark brown and the small grains are yellow brown, also known as "golden thread", "ink plum blossom", "vein pattern" and "wenwu tablet". This is one of the main features of Ge Kiln handed down from ancient times. There are all kinds of bottles, stoves, bowls, pots, dishes and so on. Antique modeling is more common, the foot is not very regular, and the glaze surface is common with shrinking glaze and brown eyes.
4. Jun kiln
Jun kiln, namely Juntai kiln, is a unique style formed on the basis of Chai kiln and Lushan flower porcelain style. Influenced by Taoism, Jun Kiln reached its peak in Song Huizong period, and its technology was brought into full play. No one can imitate the arbitrary expression technology of kiln change, whether it is the expression of color or the expression of various textures. The influence of Reception Studies in Song Dynasty was reflected in the regularity and symmetry of porcelain, which was followed in both shape and texture. Especially in Northern Song Dynasty, when Jun porcelain was made by officials, no furniture and no large sacrificial vessels were strictly observed. Regular symmetry, elegant atmosphere, court momentum, meticulous. Its potential is heavy and simple, bright and deep.
5. Ding kiln
Ding Kiln is a treasure in the traditional porcelain making process in China, and it is one of the six kiln systems in Song Dynasty. It is a large porcelain kiln system after Xingyao white porcelain in Tang Dynasty. Mainly produced in Jianci Village, Ye Bei Village, East Yanchuan Village and West Yanchuan Village, Quyang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province. Because this area was under the jurisdiction of Dingzhou in the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was named Ding Yao.
Ding kiln was originally a folk kiln, and palace porcelain was fired in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Burning was created in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, and finally reached the Yuan Dynasty. It is famous for producing white porcelain, and also firing black glaze, sauce glaze and blue glaze porcelain. In the literature, they are called Black Ding, Purple Ding and Green Ding respectively.