2. What are the answers to the reading skills of classical Chinese in junior high school: 1. The recitation of China's classical poems requires that every word is not missed, every word is not added, every word is not inverted, and every word is not changed; Writing poems and sentences in classical Chinese should be not only coherent, but also word for word.
In the senior high school entrance examination, I usually recite 4 poems and 2 articles, paying special attention to reciting famous sentences in the content. Remember and correct the typos in your previous dictation.
2. To understand and appreciate ancient poems, we should focus on the ancient poems and songs appearing in the reading items of each textbook, and pay attention to the accumulation of common sense of ancient culture and literature, especially the notes in the textbook; We should have a good understanding of the appreciation guidance and practice in Click on the Content, and have an accurate understanding of the poem, its main content and writing intention, and the author's thoughts and feelings. For some famous works, you should also know the author's name, life age and title.
4. Master the meaning of common notional words in classical Chinese and the usage of six function words. Generally speaking, the special usages of ancient Chinese are: polysemy, Tong Jia, flexible use of parts of speech, and different meanings in ancient and modern times.
Therefore, we should pay special attention to such words in the text, and we must understand and master the usage of 150 real words and 6 function words in the clicked content, especially the meanings appearing in junior high school textbooks. 5. Sentence translation should be sensitive to "special sentence patterns".
Such as ellipsis, pay attention to add the omitted subject and object; Such as judgmental sentences, inverted sentences (preposition object, adverbial post), passive sentences, rhetorical questions and so on. In translation, the meaning of key notional words and the usage of function words should be implemented, and the tone and sentence pattern of the translation must be consistent with the original.
6. In the classical Chinese reading after class, you don't have to be nervous when you encounter words that you can't understand or can't think of. Contact the context, combine the plot of the story (article), understand (guess) its meaning, bring the words into the article to understand, and remember that translation is inseparable from the article. If there are comments under the selected text, be sure to make full use of the prompt function of the comments.
7. Pay attention to the induction and generalization of the main contents of the selected text in the reading of the paragraphs in class. If you are within your own review and control, you can of course answer questions by memory; If your review is not in place or your memory is unclear, you should carefully read the selected articles to collect and process information, and then make a reasonable and brief statement. After reading classical Chinese, we should pay attention to the understanding of the truth contained in the article or the induction and refinement of the personality characteristics of the characters in the article.
From the form of examination, the common examination methods are mainly single reading, and some arrange comparative reading or link reading between paragraphs and poems. The article is selected by combining in-class and out-of-class methods.
Judging from the examination questions in recent years, famous articles such as Zou Ji satirize adjustable education, Yueyang Tower, Drunk Pavilion and so on have a high selection rate. The requirement for reading classical Chinese in Curriculum Standard is: "Reading simple classical Chinese, you can understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books."
The selection of classical Chinese reading materials for senior high school entrance examination must be "easy", and the understanding of "easy" should be: most words in the text belong to common content words and function words. Even if there are a few rare words or uncommon allusions in the selected text, notes will be arranged to reduce the difficulty, so that candidates can "jump and pick the fruit" on the basis of learning classical Chinese in junior high school. Question analysis and problem-solving strategies: The common test sites and questions in classical Chinese prose are nothing more than word explanation, sentence breaking, sentence translation, induction of meaning, writing analysis, evaluation of characters and works, etc.
Here are some suggestions for reviewing and solving problems: 1. Explain the meaning of words accurately. Pay attention to the use of annotations, the knowledge of real words and function words accumulated at ordinary times, use extended association and association to group words, and confirm the meaning of words in contextual language environment.
2. Translate sentences correctly and smoothly. To translate sentences, first, the content should be correct and in line with the meaning of the text; Secondly, the translated sentences should be expressed accurately, appropriately and fluently.
3. Summarize the meaning. Often through the way of filling in the blanks and answering questions, the level of the article, the characteristics of the scenery and the main points of the content (for example, Wuhan Volume 10: What are the main aspects of Nian Gengyao's good use of troops? Please summarize it briefly.
Jilin Volume 15: Please summarize Fan Zhongyan's reading anecdote described in this article, the character characteristics and emotional attitude of the characters, the meaning of the works, the reading experience and so on. This is the most frequently examined point besides word interpretation and sentence translation.
When answering, you must pay attention to it. On the basis of reading the full text, you should be good at grasping the nuances, screening important information and summarizing the main points. At the same time, we should scrutinize the accuracy of the answer language, and strive to be impartial, impartial and to the point. 4. Contrast reading.
This is a common question type in recent years. Commonly used is the comparison of two materials, and the relevant points of the materials generally lie in the subject matter, theme, characters, techniques, social significance and so on.
Some of them are mainly essays in class, with links to extracurricular related materials (for example, Zou Ji in Changzhou, Jiangsu satirizes Qi Wang Chabr, Zou Ji is the same as Hou Shi, and Huangshi in Hubei and Zhuge Liang's family affairs); Have a plenty of landscape travel notes (Three Gorges and Liuzhou Zhushu in Guangxi); Some articles written by the same author in different scenic spots (such as Yuan Hongdao's Travel Notes of Man Jing and Hubei Qianjiang Tiger Hill); Some use two materials related to the theme (for example, Shandong Binzhou, Yan Zi's "Advising Gong Jing", and Fujian Xiamen use two materials to reward the lotus). Comparative reading is just a form. There is a complementary or mutually reinforcing relationship between two or more materials. Some are propositions from the * * * aspects of the two articles, and some are separate propositions. The topic is irrelevant, and there is no comparability between materials. The latter is only a supplement to the former in content or quantity.
The test center is basically the same as the single test. 5. Expand the migration.
In order to make the past serve the present and apply what they have learned, propositions often examine the evaluation of prose themes and characters' thoughts and feelings, and ask candidates to talk about some opinions in connection with reality. To solve this kind of problem, we should be good at reading the excellent ideological quality of characters from ancient historical materials, reading the precious humanistic spirit from events, and evaluating its social significance with a developmental eye. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the limitations of the times, make proper choices and discard them reasonably.
6. Writing analysis. Including language taste, rhetoric appreciation, structural analysis, article style interpretation and so on.
When answering questions, try to use the texts you have learned and the training questions Lenovo has done to draw inferences and seek answers. Reading Classical Chinese (1) Read the following and answer the questions.
"Zuiweng Pavilion" is surrounded by mountains. There are peaks, forests and valleys in its southwest.
3. Problem-solving skills in classical Chinese reading The study of classical Chinese should be easy in terms of "difficulty".
Generally, the following aspects are investigated: 1. Can correctly understand the meaning of classical Chinese words. 2. Be able to correctly translate classical Chinese sentences into modern Chinese.
3. Be able to understand and summarize the main contents of the article. 4. Be able to grasp the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article and improve the taste of appreciation.
Just recite the in-class part in a targeted way. Extracurricular problem-solving methods are as follows: four steps of extracurricular classical Chinese reading problem-solving. Step 1: Browse the topic quickly. There is a characteristic in extracurricular reading of classical Chinese: some topic options show the meanings of some keywords in the text, while others suggest the main content of classical Chinese.
Browsing the topics helps students to understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular classical Chinese reading essay, we should first quickly browse the topics after the essay.
The second step is to analyze the topic carefully. Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese paragraphs after class will give you questions. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles.
Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese. For example, in an exam, I took an extracurricular reading essay in classical Chinese.
The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we can know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, a careful analysis of the title of a paragraph can help us quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese.
The third step is to read the full-text extracurricular classical Chinese with notes, and generally annotate some difficult classical Chinese words. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately.
Therefore, teachers should remind students not to ignore these notes, but to read the full text quickly with them. In addition, it should be noted that teachers should remind students not to stop and think hard when they encounter obstacles in the process of reading the full text, but to continue reading.
In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article. The fourth step is "the right medicine". There are three types of extracurricular classical Chinese reading questions, namely, word interpretation questions, sentence translation questions and content understanding questions.
Take different methods to solve problems according to different topics: (1) word explanation questions. Most of these topics examine the phenomenon of polysemy of notional words in classical Chinese, which are basically learned by students in classical Chinese in class.
When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer. (2) Sentence translation questions.
Translated sentences should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation).
When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the following problems: first, proper nouns such as year number, person name, place name, official name, object name, book title and country name should be kept as they are, and no translation is needed. For example: "In the spring of four years (year number), Teng (name) was ordered to guard Baling County (place name)".
In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted to Baling County Order. Second, words that have no practical meaning in the sentence should be deleted.
For example, "Chen Shengshen is from Yangcheng" and "this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... this ... ) is different from that in modern Chinese, so we should make appropriate adjustments in translation.
For example, "Sorry, you don't like it!" "Your mental deficiency is too serious. Fourthly, if the translated sentence is ellipsis, the omitted elements should be supplemented.
For example: "Uncle Naidan said' Chen' (ellipsis)." They wrote the word "Chen" on the silk with vermilion.
(3) Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this kind of problem: one is to quote the original sentence to answer; Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words.
Among the three methods, the accuracy of the first and second methods is generally higher.
4. College entrance examination Chinese classical Chinese answering skills College entrance examination Chinese classical Chinese reading answering skills and methods Classical Chinese reading answering skills Classical Chinese reading questions have been very stable, and there have been no major accidents in the exams over the years.
Generally speaking, topics are also set in four directions: content words, function words, personality expression and content induction. Score 12, generally set 3-4 questions.
Generally speaking, the last topic is evaluated from the perspective of the full text, so you should read the last topic first and have a general understanding of the article. Then, read the original text carefully and make a preliminary understanding with your own sense of language. In this process, words must be combined with the topic to understand.
The third step is to enter the actual problem-solving link: 1, the content word in classical Chinese. It is necessary to analyze the form and meaning of the content words examined.
Infer common words from the same pronunciation, connect with the context, deduce the meaning, and then bring the meaning given in the option into the original text. If you find that the language is fluent and reasonable, it means that the explanation is correct and there is no objection. Generally speaking, the definition of notional words that have never been heard is often correct, which is the interference of topic setting.
2. Function words in classical Chinese. Students must have practiced a lot of function words when preparing for the exam. When doing this topic, you must first determine the meaning of this word in other sentences you have encountered, and put this meaning in the sentences in the test questions for verification. If it makes sense, it should be correct.
3, personality performance questions. The first thing to find out is the option that can't express the required characters in the stem, and the interference option is excluded first.
When doing this problem, the problem that often appears is arrogance. It is necessary to impose other people's personality or irrelevant personality on the protagonist and try to avoid such mistakes as much as possible. 4. Content induction questions.
First, find out the options in the text to explain the corresponding sentences, and then read them carefully to accurately grasp the original meaning. It should be noted that the mistakes in the wrong question options are often very detailed, and they are mainly analyzed from the perspectives of reverse order, making things out of nothing, and confusing people's stories.
First, to judge whether the added words are correct, which words should I focus on in the translation of complex notional words in ancient Chinese, and how to train myself to answer such questions. Use several methods: exclusion substitution (substituting the explanation given after it into the original text to see whether the sentence is correct or not, and incorrect is wrong) reasoning (using glyphs to push-that is, looking at the meaning revealed by the writing structure of the word, using grammar to push-that is, analyzing the sentence components that the word acts as to get its part of speech, and using context to push-that is, combining the contextual meaning of the text to understand the meaning of the word) Second, add some words with the same meaning and usage.
First, master the meaning and usage of 120 notional words 18 function words that are often tested in the college entrance examination. . .
5. Comparative reading skills of classical Chinese Step 1: Browse the topic quickly. Classical Chinese extracurricular reading questions have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text; Some topics hint at the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing topics helps students understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, when you see a reading article in classical Chinese after class, you should first quickly browse the topics behind the article.
Step 2: Analyze the topic carefully. Generally speaking, reading classical Chinese after class will lead to problems. Teachers should guide students to pay attention to and carefully analyze paragraph titles. Because most of the topics themselves summarize the main content of classical Chinese.
Step 3: Read the full text quickly with comments. When reading a passage of classical Chinese after class, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. In the process of reading the full text, if you encounter a "roadblock", don't stop and think hard, but continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article.
Step 4: Answer the question with the right medicine.
(1), word explanation questions: Most of these questions are about the ambiguity of a notional word "China" in classical Chinese, and these notional words in classical Chinese are basically the classical Chinese that students have learned in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.
(2) Sentence translation: The translated sentence should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation).
(3) Content comprehension questions: There are three solutions to this kind of questions. Quote the original sentence first to answer. Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer. Third, organize a written answer according to your own words. Among the three methods, the first and second methods have higher accuracy. When answering such questions, we should pay attention to the tendency of meaning, grasp the author's basic emotional position, contact the main plot and main characters of the article, and grasp the key sentences to think and answer from multiple angles and sides.
6. What are the skills for answering ancient Chinese reading questions? Ancient Chinese reading is actually similar to modern Chinese reading. First of all, you should read the full text, read it again and again, and understand the main idea. If you can understand every word roughly, it will be easy to start reading the questions. Then we should think and answer the given questions according to our existing knowledge of ancient Chinese.
Ancient Chinese reading questions generally have the following types:
1. Exegetical words are generally used in ancient Chinese, and most of them have been learned. If you haven't read it, you can infer its meaning by combining the sentence with the context.
2. Identify or mark sentence reading to test our reading rhythm and sentence-breaking ability.
3. Translate sentences by paying attention to the following points: adding (according to the context, ellipsis is the most common phenomenon in ancient Chinese sentence patterns), deleting (there are many function words in ancient Chinese that are only used in sentences for the purpose of making sentences or expressing, so these words that are not needed in modern Chinese should be deleted when translated into modern Chinese), and adjusting (another common sentence in ancient Chinese sentence patterns is inverted sentences, which should be translated into modern Chinese sentence patterns). Sentence translation methods include literal translation and free translation, and sometimes the translation of a sentence needs to be combined.
4. Answering questions according to paragraphs or full texts generally involves character image analysis, event summary or analysis, and so on.
5. Contrast reading and so on.
In a word, the classical Chinese reading questions with a solid foundation are easier to answer than the modern Chinese reading questions.