However, Ziyou was regarded by later generations as the only disciple of Confucius who spread to the south, but both Wang Su and Kong said that Ziyou was from Shandong, but more documents were called Wu people. The earliest record comes from Historical Records and Biography of Zhong Ni Disciples by Sima Qian: "Wu, Zi You." Sima Zhen in the Tang Dynasty said in Historical Records: "There is a tomb in Wuxian today, but it was wrong to cover Wuxian."
In the twenty-seventh year of Tang Kaiyuan, Ziyou was named Wuhou, Song Xiangfu was named Danyang Gong for two years, and Song Xianchun was named Wu Gong for three years. All these show that Yan Yan is from the south, but some people think this statement is wrong. For example, in the book Zhu Siwen Lu, Cui Shu in the Qing Dynasty said: "It is a rare thing to take the Wan Li Road and learn from China in the north from Wuzhi. There are so many words and deeds recorded in the biography, why are there no words? In addition, after the death of Confucius, there were many questions and answers between Youzi, Ceng Zi, Xia Zi, Zhang Zi and Youzi. If there is a funeral, Zi swims away. Uncle Wu's mother died, his son swam in Lu, and his son and uncle in Lu County also took their son swimming. Ziyou was not judged by Wu people. If a son speaks and thinks, he still lives in Lu, then he is Lu. "
Cui Shu thinks Ziyou is not a Wu person for three reasons. First, Wu is far away from Lu, so it is impossible to go all the way north to study. Their biographies did not mention Yan Yan's feat of learning thousands of miles. Cui Shu thought that such a big move should be a great event at that time. His third reason was that Yan Yan and his son Yan Si had been living in Lu since the death of Confucius.
Mr. Cao Jianguo considered Ziyou and his thoughts from the handed down documents to be a native of Shandong. He noticed that Confucius gave lectures between Zhu Si, and there was a place called Jiaocheng in the upper reaches of Surabaya. In his article, he quoted Zuo Wenzhu's Seven Years of Anggong: "In March, take a sentence, so I became a city." Du Yu said in the note: "Jiao, also, there is Jiao City in the south of the border county, which is difficult to prepare." Therefore, Cao Jianguo thought: "Ziyou was a native of Lu Yi Town in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qi, Wu and Wu are all suspected female fish rhymes. Sima Qian said that' Wu people' should mean' Qi people'. "
However, a careful analysis of what Cui Shu said seems that his inference is far-fetched. He thinks that what is not recorded in historical materials just doesn't exist, and this logic is obviously untenable. As mentioned earlier, as early as the Tang Dynasty, there were historical records that Yan Yan's tomb was in Wu Jun, and today there is a swallow's tomb in Changshu. In the first year of Song Qing, Sun Zai of Changshu County set up a shrine for Ziyou in time, and asked Zhu to write Ji, the first half of which is:
Yan Yan, a student of Wu Gong Temple in Changshu County, Pingjiang Prefecture, is also a disciple of Confucius Gaudi. According to Taishi records, most of the children of Confucius at that time were from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and Wu was the only one. In this county, there is a famous literature of Youzixiang and Qiaoqiao, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Tu Jing also said that Gong's former residence was in the northwest of the county, but the old well is now invisible, and Gong is from this county, so it is true. However, more than 600 years have passed since Confucius was absent. The study of counties has been dedicated to the sages. Although the public is listed, they can only eat from it, but their towns and cities have failed to show it. In July of the third year of Qingyuan, Sun, the magistrate of a county and director of Tong Zhilang's conference, was originally a part of his lecture hall for academic officials, serving as this hall for the temple. In the middle of the year, in the middle of winter, bachelors and doctors who bowed to the city and their children offered a glass of wine to explain the food, to lift their spirits, and brought books to say that they would like to have a note.
Zhu talked about Yanzi Lane and Literature Bridge here, and mentioned that there used to be a well in the old house of Yanzi's family. By the Song Dynasty, this well was no longer visible. In a word, because there are so many relics, Zhu thinks it is good to be Wu. It was because of Yan Zi, a great scholar in Changshu that local officials built an ancestral hall for him, and asked Zhu Zi to write this "record" for this ancestral hall. I visited the ruins of Stefanie in Changshu twice, one of which was to look for Wu Li's former residence, because when the great painter Wu Li lived in Changshu, his residence was within the scope of Stefanie's former residence. It can be seen that people found Yanzijing after Zhu, and they are living proudly at this time. He specially named himself Mo Jing Taoist.
In this regard, Pan Tianshou praised Wu Li in the History of China Painting, saying: "Because there are words in the house, it is also called Mo Jing Road. Paintings in Song and Yuan Dynasties are mostly shaded mountains, rugged forests and winding streams and springs, which are not only good at imitating children for a long time. The brushwork is gloomy and beautiful, and Gao Xian's works are fantastic and pleasant, which won the awe of Tang Zi. In particular, it can get rid of the pattern of the Northern Song Dynasty and should be above the stone valley. "
Regarding the relationship between Mo Jing and Yan Zi, there are the following statements in the Introduction to Yushan Scenery compiled by the Literature and History Research Committee of Changshu Municipal Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Political Consultative Conference:
Mo Jing
Wu Yushan, a famous painter in the early Qing Dynasty, once lived in Yanzi Lane, the former residence of Yanzi in the east of the city, calling himself a Taoist in Mo Jing. Sun Ye, a descendant of Gaiyan, changed his surname to Wu when his ancestors were absent in the Ming Dynasty. Among them are the portrait of Yan Zi, the tomb map of Yan Zi, the map of Yan's-Songshan Room, and the inscription of Yan's compound surname, all of which are important cultural relics and have been listed as municipal protected units.
It turned out to be later, but in the Ming Dynasty, our ancestors committed a crime, so they changed their surname to Wu. As early as the Tang Dynasty, the existence of the ink well was recorded in Lu Guangwei's Wu Di Ji: "In the north of Changshu County, there is the residence of Yan Yan, a disciple of Confucius. Among them, there is a sacred well, which is three feet wide and ten feet deep, and there is an alliance next to it. There is a gauze stone in the north of the alliance, which can be four feet square. " In the Song Dynasty, Fan Chengda quoted the words in Wu Di Zhi in Wu Jun Zhi: "There are wells in the house, and there are washing stones beside the wells, about four feet, all of which are old things."
It's still called Swallow Lane.
Dongyanzi lane entrance
This scene in Yanzi Lane
Until now, Changshu still has the name of Swallow Lane, and the ink well stored in Swallow's former residence is still in this lane. On May 28th, 20 18, I visited Changshu again. Led by Mr. Weng Tonghe, director of the memorial hall, and Mr. Cao, an expert in Changshu history, we went to Yanzi Lane to look for the ink well, and then we were lucky enough to meet the janitor of Yanzi's former residence. The old man told us that Stefanie's former residence now has three courtyards. In order to restore Yanzi's former residence, * * * paid for the relocation of all the residents here, but no construction has been carried out since the relocation, so let the old people look at the houses here.
Yanzi former residence main gate
Wenbaopai
Introduction card
Follow the old man all the way inward and see Mojing in the Third Hospital. Sure enough, it is recorded in the data that the well circle of this well is a Taihu stone, which conforms to the introduction of Yanzi's former residence and Mojing in the Dictionary of Famous Mountains and Rivers in China edited by Shan Shumo:
There are two quadrangles in Yanzi Lane 15- 17, Yushan Town, Changshu City, where the descendants of Yan family live. The house 15 has three entrances, and now only the third one enters the back hall. There is a rectangular pavilion in the back patio, which is Moqing Pavilion. The wall of the pavilion is embedded with a stone tablet engraved with the image of Yan Zi. On the left are four stone carvings of Songshan Square, and on the right are stone carvings of Swallow Tomb. On the left side of the back hall is a stone carving dedicated to Ayu in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), which is now built in Peidu Lane. 17 House * * * Sanjin, a quadrangle residence, has been well preserved so far. Then there are five rooms and one hard peak hall. There is a word ink well in the room. The shaft wall is made of bricks of various specifications, the wellhead diameter is 0.4m, and the lateral depth is 5.8m. The well site is made of natural lake stone. Next to the well, there is a vertical lake and a stone mountain with the word "Mo Jing" engraved on it.
Door opener
Yanzi's former residence backyard
After so many years, I am still lucky to see this ink well, standing at the wellhead and looking inward, which reflects my shaking figure. This feeling is quite wonderful. I imagine that this well nourishes Changshu people, and Confucius' thoughts are widely circulated in Jiangnan. As for whether Yan Yan is from Jiangnan, it becomes less important.
Yanzijing
Stone carving in the backyard of Yanzi's former residence
The Analects of Confucius recorded eight stories about Ziyou, but none of them had the language of Confucius' criticism. For example, The Analects of Yang Huo contains:
The child's martial city, the sound of string songs. The master smiled and said, "Why do you want to cut the chicken with an ox knife?" Ziyou said to him, "Mr. Yan has also heard the philosophers say,' A gentleman learns to love others, but a villain learns the Tao easily.' Confucius said, "Two or three sons! Yan's words are right. Foreword, the ear of drama. "
Wucheng under Ziyou was quite prosperous. After reading it, Confucius joked that you don't have to use a knife to kill chickens. The subtext of this sentence is to boast that Ziyou is brilliant, but now he can only manage this small place of Wucheng. Ziyou gave a solemn answer to the teacher's joke, and his seriousness made Confucius immediately declare that he was joking just now. In this regard, Zhu has the following explanation in the Notes to the Four Books: "When I was a child, I slaughtered the city of Wu, and I valued the education of rites and music, so all the people in the city sang. Governance has its size, and its governance must use rites and music, which is also a Tao. But many people can't use it, and they are free to walk alone. Therefore, the master suddenly heard it and was deeply gratified. Because it is ironic and Ziyou is right, it is his words and his own play. "
Although the city-states are large and small, they also need education in rites and music, and most of this education stays in words, but Ziyou can be implemented in the areas under its management, so Confucius was deeply gratified to see it. But Confucius is also a human being and likes to play jokes on his disciples, but Confucius' jokes are actually to appreciate Ziyou's hard work spirit.
This incident also shows that Ziyou has made great efforts in learning and using gifts. For this reason, the Book of Rites and The Book of Rites Tan Gong recorded a lot about Zi You's research on the study of etiquette and his thoughts on etiquette. In the history of Confucianism for thousands of years, Confucius' thought of a well-off society with great harmony has attracted the most attention. This passage comes from the beginning of the Book of Rites:
Old friends Zhong Ni and Yu Lubin sighed with shame when they finished their work and went out to check. Sigh, Gai Tanlu also. Yan Yan stood by and said, "Why do gentlemen sigh?" Confucius said, "The trip to the Avenue is also different from the English of three generations, and you are ambitious and can't catch it." When the avenue prevails, a public spirit will rule the world. Choose talents, make friends and mend fences. Such an old friend is not only a relative, but also an only child, so that the old, the strong, the useful, the young, the strong, the lonely and the sick can all be supported. Men get points and women get rewards. If the goods are abandoned on the ground, there is no need to hide them on yourself; You don't have to do it for yourself. Therefore, it is called "Datong" to seek closure but not prosperity, and thieves do not do it, so leaving the house is not sealed. Today's road is quiet, and the world is home. Everyone is his relative, and every son is his son. The goods are for myself, and adults think they are gifts. If you become a country, you will think that it is solid and courteous; Be an upright monarch and minister, be a loyal father and son, be a harmonious brother, be a harmonious couple, establish a system, establish a field, be both wise and brave, and take merit as your own responsibility. Therefore, the use is the work, and the soldiers set out from this. Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu,, etc. are all among them. None of the six gentlemen is unwilling to be polite. With its righteousness, to test its letter, it has been done, and the punishment is benevolent, which shows that the people are always there. Some people don't come from here, but those in power go. Everyone thinks it's a well-off society.
On one occasion, Ziyou traveled with Confucius, and the teacher sighed. Ziyou asked him what he was sighing about. Confucius said with emotion that he didn't catch up with the three generations he longed for, and then Confucius expounded what is great harmony and what is well-off.
Former residence of Confucius (76) (3) Changshu (1)