I. Introduction
Persian Empire (550 BC-330 BC), the historical regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran, also known as Achaemenid Dynasty. In the 6th century BC, the Persians were defeated by those who ruled the kingdom of Medea, and later rebelled against Medea under the leadership of Cyrus II. In 550 BC, the kingdom of Medea perished and the Persian Empire was established. Since then, Cyrus II and his son Cambyses Ⅱ have successively conquered the Kingdom of Lydia, the Kingdom of New Babylon and the Kingdom of Egypt, expanding the territory of the Persian Empire. In 5 13 BC, Darius I captured Thrace, and the territory of Persian Empire spanned three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe. During the reign of Darius I, the Persian Empire reached its peak by adopting a series of reforms.
Second, Persian culture.
The Persian empire actively absorbed the cultures of the two river basins and the Nile basin, so the culture flourished. The script used in the Persian Empire is improved cuneiform, and the official language is ancient Persian. There are many literary works in the Persian Empire, among which Ju Lushi's literature and Bei Heaton's inscription are famous, and poetry has gradually taken shape. The architectural art of the Persian Empire, in the era of Cyrus II, also had the characteristics of nomadic people. After the formation of the Persian Empire, the buildings were large in scale and varied in style, absorbing the styles of the two river basins, the Egyptian kingdom and the Greek city-states. The carving art of the Persian Empire is excellent, and the inscription of Beston is a masterpiece in relief.