The territory of ancient Shu is very large. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancient Shu kingdom reached Hanzhong in the north, Nanzhong in the south and Qingjiang in the west of Hubei in the east. The ancient Shu kingdom moved its capital several times, and its original capital was located in Qiyi. Baodun Ancient City Site, located in Malong Township, Xinjin County, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, is the capital of ancient Shu. Today, Baodun ancient city is the largest and oldest ancient city in western Sichuan. It was founded in 2550 BC, about 4500 years ago, with an area of 3 million square meters.
Baodun Village is located in a relatively flat place, but above the flat vilen, there is a loess ridge similar to the spine, and some broken instruments can be seen on both sides of the loess ridge. As early as 1995, Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics, together with experts from the Archaeological Department of Sichuan University and the research team of Waseda University in Japan, studied the "Loess Ridge" in this area. After a long period of investigation, experts have come to the conclusion that the loess ridge is the ruins of an ancient city four or five thousand years ago.
The shredder next to it was an instrument made and used by ancient Shu people at that time. In other words, the ancient Shu civilization here is longer than Sanxingdui site. Experts once thought that the value of Baodun Ancient City was comparable to Sanxingdui.
Sacrificial culture in ancient Shu;
Since 193 1 years ago, many sacrificial pits have been found in Sanxingdui site, which represents the ancient Shu civilization, and most of them are buried with jade and bronze. 1986 A large number of bronzes, jades, ivory, shells, pottery and gold wares were unearthed from two large sacrificial pits. The golden staff and mask in the golden ware are beautifully made. In addition to bows, statues, plates and bows, there are portraits of big and small figures, standing figures, dragon climbing cylinders, bronze birds and deer.
Among them, the head image of bronze figures is exaggerated and full of local characteristics; The portrait is 2.62 meters high, with big eyes and straight nose, square eyes and big ears, wearing a crown, a left-handed robe and anklets, which is a rare material for studying the physique and clothing of Shu people. The date of the sacrificial pit can be traced back to the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, and it is considered as the relic of Shu people's sacrifice to the natural gods of heaven, earth and mountains.
There are basically no articles for daily use in a large number of bronzes unearthed in Sanxingdui, and most of them are sacrificial articles. It shows that the primitive religious system of ancient Shu has been relatively complete. These sacrificial objects have different regional cultural characteristics, especially bronze statues and golden staff, which are very close to the world-famous Mayan culture and ancient Egyptian culture. Zhang Jizhong, deputy director of Sanxingdui Museum, believes that a large number of sacrificial articles with different regional characteristics show that Sanxingdui was once a pilgrimage center in the world.