Only this herb was called Hui or Xun in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and Lingling in Southern Dynasties. People in the Tang Dynasty accepted that lavender was Cao Hui and Lingling. According to the textual research of the predecessors of Su Song Collection in the Northern Song Dynasty, Lingling Xiang was born in Lingling Valley, with this name. Leaves like marijuana, opposite, square stems, smell like radish, bloom in mid-July, very fragrant.
When I went to see Li Shizhen, I said it in more detail: In ancient times, I burned incense to welcome the gods and used incense to dispel the smell, so I named it Cao Xun. But this place, now called Yongzhou and formerly called Lingling, does not produce incense. This place, called Lingling in ancient times, is now called Quanzhou. It is the source of water in Hunan, with many mountains and deep water, and is rich in lavender. Now the local people call this grass Guangling Xiang, which is the real Lingling Xiang.
However, if you look through Flora of China, you can't find lavender, wormwood and Lingling. There is no wormwood, wormwood is not the abbreviation of cymbidium, Linglingxiang is just an alias, and later generations even put this name on the head of basil.
The trace of finding Lingling Xiang in ancient books has been lost. Bitan pointed again: "Lingling Xiang, whose real name is Hui, is also Gu Lanhui, also known as Xun." "Zuo Zhuan" said:' Once smoked and cured, it will still stink ten years later.' Even this grass. Tang people called it Rinrin Xiang, also called it Zi Ling Xiang, and called the upside-down flowers small bells. So far, people in Beijing have to choose bells to buy Lingling incense. The bell is its flower. This foul language is named after Lingling County, Hunan Province. "
I think Shen Kuo's last sentence was obviously a spit. The implication is that a liberal arts student like Liu Yuxi has no scientific literacy at all, and listening to the wind is rain. On hearing Rinrin, I immediately thought of Lingling; When I think of Lingling, I immediately think of Xiangshui. When I think of Xiangshui, I immediately feel sorry for it. But what is the smell of Rinrin or Zi Ling in these ten years? He didn't say either.
A Japanese gave the answer. Ishitodani Mian mentioned one of the simplest methods in his Herbs of Northern China. Go to a Chinese medicine shop and buy a plant of Linglingxiang, and you will know what it is at a glance. This book is also silent. He said: "Song Susong said that the leaves of this plant are like hemp and the stems are square. The Meng Zhou Ling Ling Xiang painted in Daguan Herbal Medicine has oval leaves and alternate leaves with peanuts in the axils. Linglingxiang, which I bought in a pharmacy in China, is a kind of Lysimachia with axillary flowers, similar to weeding. Its shape is similar to Linglingxiang in Mengzhou, a Chinese herbal medicine. Mengzhou is the land of Yong' an House, Yuefu and Guangxi Ping. "
China literati painting reached a climax in the Northern Song Dynasty. The flowers, birds and plants are very vivid, which is almost the same as the current scientific painting. However, after entering the Ming Dynasty, they went astray. As a result, most of the later literati paintings were like Materia Medica or Wild Cookbook, which looked like clumps of grass from a distance and looked like clumps of grass at a close distance. Rough and simple, I can't stand it. If the illustrations in Materia Medica can be sketched by plants from songbirds in the Northern Song Dynasty, why study them?
Lysimachia christinae belongs to Primulaceae, and Lysimachia christinae is a famous herb in this genus. Materia Medica says, "Linglingxiang, until it is dry, can definitely be used as medicine. Women's hair is screened by oil bubbles, and the fragrance is hard to add. This is also grass. " Lingxiang has a strong fragrance after drying, and it is produced in northern Guangxi and southern Hunan. Can be soaked in oil and combed. , can be associated with Lingxiang. And alternate leaves and yellow flowers. Flowers hang upside down on the branches like bells.
Linglingxiang can also be written as Linglingxiang. There is a method of "stewing ginger" in "Stone Forest": "No matter how tender the ginger is, peel it and cut it into two pieces. Add Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, and Lingling until cooked, slice, air dry, and simmer in oil. Fat, white, crisp and lovely. " There is also a "Liquor Qu Fang" in the book, which needs medicinal materials such as Radix Aucklandiae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Amomi, Herba Agastaches, Linglingxiang, Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae. Today, Shanxi Zhuyeqing Liquor is based on Fenjiu, which is made by soaking Radix Aucklandiae, Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae, Flos Caryophylli, Linglingxiang, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Fructus Amomi and other medicinal materials and bamboo leaves. The overlapping of the two herbs shows that Lingling Xiang was written in Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Yan Song's "Qian Shan Tang Ji" in the Ming Dynasty recorded the gifts of Emperor Jiajing: exquisite jade carving belts, lilacs, lilacs, herbs, perennial pine gold buckets, cicada pendants, carved incense tablets, gold boxes, Qin 'an incense belts, eight treasures of silver, also known as eight auspicious gold ingots winning coral rhinoceros horn beads.
Let me pick out a few familiar words: Lingling incense, carved incense brand and fragrant ribbon, and rearrange them, as if I could see such a familiar picture: In the fifteenth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, "King Jing unloaded a rosary from his wrist and handed it to Baoyu, saying,' This is Lingling incense rosary given by the holy family the day before yesterday, which is a He Jingzhi gift. By the sixteenth time, Lin Daiyu had gone home. "。 "Baoyu took out the incense sticks given by the King of Beijing and gave them to Daiyu. . Daiyu threw it away without taking it. Baoyu had to take it back. "
Lin Daiyu. (Source Network)
Lin Daiyu. (Source Network)
There are various versions of A Dream of Red Mansions, and every word in each version is slightly different. For this rosary string, there are two ways to write different palindromes of the same book, which shows that it is a mistake. Looking at different versions, there are three parts, namely Lingling, which is the prefix of grass, Yan, and the eccentricity next to the word bird (the upper part is the lower part).
The author of A Dream of Red Mansions is familiar with all kinds of classics and legends, and is used to scrambling and reorganizing the codes in China's cultural images. Let me read a passage: the rosary of Lingling incense given by the emperor was handed over to Lin Daiyu twice, and Daiyu confiscated it. The password here is: (1) Lingling Xiang/Lingling Xiang comes from Lingling, namely Shunling Mausoleum; (2) Princess Daiyu Xiaoxiang lives in front of Xiaoxiang Pavilion, with thousands of bamboo poles and loves to cry. Don't you think it's close to the legend that Shunling (Lingling) and Empress E cried that Xiang died in Dongting Lake and was called Lady Xiang? These two cultural symbols are combined in this way.
At this time, let's take a look at Liu Yuxi's poem "Qing Xiang Ci", "Hunan water flows, Hunan water flows, and there are nine doubts. You asked the second princess where she was, and Lingling's vanilla was harvested in the rain, which made her feel sobering and clear. At this point, those who always have a little unknown so's questions have been answered. Otherwise, how puzzling it is to suddenly appear a string of incense sticks alone. Only this string of rosary beads is fragrant, can it all play its role, can you put your heart on your chest, and can you enjoy beauty smoothly.
As for why Daiyu confiscated the rosary of Lingling, it is said that the Second Princess died in Jiuyi Mountain, but she didn't find Lingling and drowned herself. They didn't return to Shunling, but became Mrs. Xiang, the god of Hunan water. Daiyu died as a girl, Princess Xiaoxiang was just her nickname, Lingling had nothing to do with her. Linglingxiang is a legendary herb in Shan Hai Jing, so let it go back to the legend. "If you ask Wan Linglao, Ling Lingxiang comes out of Guxiang."