Regrettably, however, some scholars in the field of history opposed Gao Gong to Xu Jie and Zhang, and thought that Xu and Zhang were famous reformers. However, "Gao Gong did not have the courage and measure to get rid of personal grievances" and "directly affected the smooth progress of the reform" (Zhang Comment on Nanjing University Press, 2006, p. 83), which formed the phenomenon of "encouraging Xu to suppress Zhang" and "criticizing Zhang". In view of this, this paper tries to show his reform achievements and academic achievements by combing the comments of politicians, historians and philosophers from Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times, so as to have a correct understanding and accurate positioning of Gao Gong.
First, Ming, He Zhang and other "ministers of the country" gave positive comments on Gao Gong's reform achievements and practical ability, and they all thought that Gao Gong was the "minister of the country" of the next generation with great economic achievements.
In the first month of the sixth year of Qin Long, Ming Muzong spoke highly of Gao Gong's practical ability and reform achievements in the imperial edict written by Zhu Guo and Jin He, a university student of Zhongji Temple:
When the value of the country is in question, it is the country's ten thousand-year plan. It's the sea, it's the frontier defense, it's southern Yunnan, it's Ping Ling Station. Control and surrender Xi Lu, and call him a vassal when he sits on the stage; Weita moved eastward and was repeatedly beheaded. Cover with the strategy of becoming an immortal, and build with the glory of becoming an immortal; However, it must be extraordinary people to help extraordinary things.
In May of the same year, Mu Zong died. In June, Crown Prince Zhu Yijun ascended the pole to worship God and change Wanli. Because of Gao Gong and Zhang's influence, Zhang colluded with eunuchs, and announced the expulsion of Gao Gong in a letter on June 16th, brewing a high arch unjust case. However, one year after Gao Gong died of illness, that is, the seventh year of Wanli, at that time, the official made a positive evaluation of Gao Gong's achievements in Jingbian, which contributed to the closure of Anda City in the northwest and the victory of Liaozuo in the northeast:
Sun surrendered to Saigon, returned to Gongjing and paid tribute. Because of the common market, the DPRK has discussed a lot. Gong Fen was the master, and the painting in Juzheng District was successful, and the three parties lived in peace. And Guangkou Zhang, Liaodong and Lujiao, etc. for a while, the governor was suppressed and became more dominant.
At the beginning of the thirtieth year of Wanli, Mrs. Zhang Gao Gong and her successor military attache asked for help twice. In March, does praised Gao Gong's contribution to the peaceful settlement of the Anshi Rebellion in Guizhou, and paid tribute to Anda:
If you commit the crime of Guo Heng, don't bother about military reform. This country will always respect it. You will save hundreds of thousands of soldiers? Another example is to grant Naji a surrender. If he is thin, he will show restraint. If he is big, he will be a vassal and protect himself and rest in peace. How many millions of people have died? This is all about district painting, presided over by Zhuo. ..... Thank you, please.
In April, according to the discussion of does, Zongshen made an imperial edict for the high arch * * *, and gave it to a surname and Wen Xiang. In this "imperial edict", the imperial edict of God is:
When you make up your mind, you will praise reason. Ji ting re-entered, with great responsibility and perseverance. The post is dangerous and the work is taboo. Seeking closeness is the true loyalty to serve the country; Heritage is pedantic, elegant and elegant. Curtain painting is the essence of Hu Qiang, and it is perfect to plug a hole. Turn the spine into a crown, and the soft dog and sheep are obedient. With Du's deep anxiety about Xia, this strategy has a greater chance of winning the imperial army than Zhong You. I promised my strength before, but now I still want to make great achievements.
Soon, Zongshen issued a memorial letter of high arch as the imperial edict of Dr. Tejin Guanglu. This "imperial edict" once again evaluated his great achievements:
Gao Gong, a famous minister in China, is extensive and meticulous, profound and has made great achievements in economy and economy. ..... generosity, public loyalty. The strategy of being prepared for danger in times of peace is to benefit the macro and keep the external honor. Ridge in southern Yunnan, clean atmosphere, snake seal; East yi Xi Lu, vanished, heron court black. Xun said that Weft Wu Wen was worthy of the imperial envoy.
This evaluation is in line with objective reality. Among them, Gao Gong's outstanding achievements in military affairs are especially respected and compared with Jiang Wei and Fan Zhongyan. Jiang Wei was a doctor in the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. When he mourned for the public, Dan Rong had no last son to ask for peace. Wei Yan made peace with Rong Wuli, and Jin Hou made Jiang form an alliance with Zhu Rong. Therefore, there is no military aggression in the state of Jin, and the country is getting stronger and stronger. In eight years, the nine kings merged and the hegemony revived. When Fan Zhongyan was in Song Renzong, he and Han Qi led the troops to reject Xixia and defend Yan 'an, and the border was peaceful. Zong Shen believes that for the benefit of the country, Gao Gong can be compared with Jiang Wei, and the decision-making victory can keep pace with Fan Zhongyan. During the Qin Long period, the Ming Dynasty was faced with the invasion from south to north and from east to west, and the frontier was in jeopardy. Thanks to the correct decision and proper use of the high arch, the border has been peaceful for 30 years. Gao Gong really deserves to be called the "minister of the country" who has made great achievements in the economy.
At the end of the year, due to the power struggle between Gao Gong and Zhang, Gao Gong was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown, but before he was dismissed from office, they had a period of close cooperation. During this period, they tried their best to reform the decadent style of writing, which opened the prelude to the reform of Longwan University. Because of this, Zhang is most familiar with Gao Gong's ambition and achievements. On1February 13 five years ago, Qin Long celebrated his 60th birthday. Zhang wrote two prefaces for this purpose, and spoke highly of Gao Gong's achievements in military reform, dredging the Caohe River and restoring shipping.
Today's is mysterious and noble. Sue (Emperor Jiajing) and today's son (Emperor Qin Long) have known each other for many years. ..... Since the Boxer Rebellion, Lu has been a frontier fortress at the age of 18. He once feared the spirit of the son of heaven and rebelled, so money was absolutely a tribute. China and foreign countries care about each other and dare not send it. Public decision-making, accept its contribution, make it a foreign minister, feel comfortable when captured, benefit from moving far away, and dare not cross the border. The main farmers in this province have tens of thousands of millet. Between Cao, Pei, Xu and Huai, there are several bitter waters. The public construction asked the envoys to repair the old sea lanes according to the Jiaolai River Canal, and even set up officials in charge of Cao Cao to apply for decrees. The Uighur River is also flowing safely, and the state reserves are sufficient. It's time for peace within the party, and the world suddenly became peaceful.
In another preface to life, Zhang not only spoke highly of Gao Gong's achievements in the world, but also praised his polite and talented character, saying:
Be open-minded and open-minded. Do one thing, not because I am virtuous and stupid, but because of myself; Whether it is possible or not, I am right or wrong, and I am reasonable; To be clear, I don't like or hate being cut by law; Stop, don't relax, because time. ..... As prime minister and ordinary civil servants, these two years. Worth hundreds of thousands of people. However, all the questions asked by teachers are related to open discussion. That is to say, people with virtue will make enemies, not treat themselves with virtue, but treat themselves with reward; In other words, it is unscrupulous. Although the pro will condemn it, it is not because it has a bad taste for itself, but because it is evil. There are few mistakes and it is difficult to move; Be careful when you say a word, and answer it when you ring. Everything Gaigong said to him is not for sale, and Gongxin can be described as a minister of Geping!
It can be seen that Zhang spoke highly of Gao Gong's practical ability, performance and moral character. For example, Gao Gong "made a plan" and Mu Zong "accepted it like running water". That's true. Judging from Zhang Quan's 250-page manuscript, all the reform suggestions and measures put forward by Gao Gong have been strongly supported by Mu Zong and implemented nationwide, and none of them have been rejected. It can be said that "everything is known and everything is inexhaustible". In the cabinet department and the official department, it is indeed "enlightened and enlightened." Personnel administration, a public election. Distinguish between government and office, and pay attention to practical politics. There are few mistakes. "Change is not immediate." All Zhang's comments are well documented, and every sentence is well documented. It is also appropriate to call Gao Gong "Minister Ge Ping".
Secondly, Gao Gong saved the reform achievements of "Fortune" with "bright career", which was not only highly praised by officials in the Ming Dynasty, but also unanimously affirmed by many politicians and historians in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They all think that he is a "bright career" and a "savior" like Zhang.
In the thirty years of Wanli, Zhengyu Guo, assistant minister of does, thought that Gao Gong was a reformer who kept pace with Zhang. Zhang's reform career was the inheritance and development of Gao Gong, and pointed out:
At the time of Jialong, the minister was the most important in the world, but he just made friends and had a brilliant career, so Xinzheng high arch was unparalleled. And successively between these two talents, first (Xu Jie) and then Jiangling (Zhang). Clouds are good at hiding their uses, and human heroes are their wings. Therefore, they are just walking, but they are crawling, and it is a good time. The other side is ink and ink, which is embarrassing and inappropriate. Jiangling is a hero, and its neat manipulation roughly uses the knowledge of high arch, and Molly takes the lead.
In his view, Gao and Xu's reform and conservatism in political and political programs are fundamentally opposed to their practical learning and psychology in academic thought. The contradiction between Gao and Zhang is different. They advocate the reform of promoting the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages in the general plan of governing the country, and they advocate the practical learning of applying the world in thought, which is related to each other. Their contradiction is only the contradiction of power struggle. In Zhengyu Guo's view, although Gao Gong was ambitious, his calculation was not as good as that of Tian Tian, and he ended up with a tragic end of "insufficient ambition and insufficient reward". This understanding is in line with historical facts.
In the forty years of Wanli, Shen Li, a former cabinet university student, pointed out that Gao Gong and Zhang were "state ministers" with outstanding talents and outstanding political achievements. It is not in line with historical facts to set Gao and Zhang against each other, or to praise and belittle one, or to "lightly" scold them all. He said:
I went to guard the Hanlin, and Gong and Xinzheng were in * * *. At first, the hero claimed to be C, Wei, Fang and Du, but he didn't give up much. ..... In fact, these two public officials are important ministers of the country and should not be taken lightly. Recently, Xinzheng commented on Daming and won the honor. In the ocean, more and more people begin to consider public services. People who play with tangible chapters can see that the right way lies in people's hearts, and right and wrong will not last long.
Forty-two years of Wanli, Ma Zhijun, the official department minister, pointed out:
The two most famous images mentioned by Long He are Zheng Guanwen Xiang and Zhang Jiangling Guan Wenzhong. The two male bells are different in appearance, and they are extremely favored. They hold the position of ding guiren, and they are almost the same. First, unfortunately, materials that are inclined to each other are in a rolling state. In order to conceal Wen Xiang, Wenzhong is a short position; If you are loyal to Wen, you will be embarrassed. But people of insight always lament the kindness of the two sages, why the canal is not sloppy, and all the important things are done by heroes.
In his view, Gao and Zhang were the most famous celebrities at that time, and their outstanding feats were "similar" and all were "the result of heroes". It is one-sided to set high against high, or to expose high and low, or to expose high and low. In addition, Ma Zhijun also praised Gao Gong's military talents and Jingbian achievements. Qin Long four years in the autumn, "lotus, court theory of boiling soup. It is worth discussing in Huichang, Lu Ze and Jingdezhen. The generosity of the people is no less than that of Li (Li Deyu) and Kou (Kou Zhun) ... This is not what Li and Kou want. In Ma Zhijun's view, Gao Gong's contribution to Jingbian is not only inferior to Li Deyu in Tang Dynasty and Kou Zhun in Song Dynasty, but also far behind.