〔 1〕
Poetry of any era is the inner art of the author.
expression Nineteen Ancient Poems, as the representative of five-character poems created by literati in Han Dynasty, is no exception.
Outside. Let's analyze the content and essence of Nineteen Ancient Poems with the background of the times:
1 has a strong world-weariness mentality.
Nineteen is the work of Huan Mausoleum in Anshun, Eastern Han Dynasty.
〔2〕
It won't be messy, it's boring.
When you are anxious, your right has no concern for the country and the people, you just entertain yourself. this means
People's ideals are difficult to realize, so it is inevitable to be frustrated. At that time, the ideological circle was the Western Han Dynasty.
The plain and solemn Buddhist scriptures are gradually insufficient to maintain society, while the Buddhist outlook on life takes advantage of it.
Sneak in. Nineteen songs were conceived in such a social situation, so they are world-weary.
Thick. "Life is between heaven and earth, and suddenly it becomes a long journey" ("Green Mausoleum on the cypress"), "Long live the more beautiful.
Send, sages can't do it "("Drive to the East Gate ")," If you are not a hundred years old, you will always be worried about being a thousand years old. "
(born less than 100). Everything is meaningless, because they are about to pass, no
Who, nothing can keep what used to be. This is a social pole.
The helpless ending after "broad-mindedness" Superficial broadmindedness is nothing more than covering up inner unreality.
Just a curtain of pain. This is a temporary paralyzing agent.
"Life is like a post, life is not solid" bluntly laments that life is too short and manpower is irresistible.
Refuse. Between the lines is very free and easy, as if the child's experience of vaccination is just one.
The pain of time. People think so, it is better to be vegetation. because
Vegetation can also be "high in the spring breeze". So, it is the disgust behind the moment of life.
The culmination of the world.
This kind of thought seems to be unknown in Han dynasty literature except Jia Yi's Bird Fu.
Tao. The ode to flying birds is only the product of personal special circumstances, and nineteen poems are the whole society.
The atmosphere is the product, so the depth is different. Nineteen songs were not written by one person at a time, so their side
Immersed in the world-weary thought, but also maintained the frank attitude of Confucian philosophy. For example, "something happened suddenly in the election.
The honor is true "("Get into the car and drive ")," Life is a lifetime, and the choice suddenly rises.
Dust. Why not aim high and take the road first? "("good dinner today ").
The overall negative and pessimistic color of Nineteen Ancient Poems has a great influence on later literature. But just
Is not the beginning of this world-weary thought. Let's take a look at The Book of Songs.
China's resentful world-weariness;
"Ji got Chu, Yi got branches, Yao got it, and Qu's ignorance.
There is a prosperous Chu State, a splendid China, a dead Wo Wo, and a homeless fun.
In fact, there is no room for entertainment in Wo Wo. "("Feng Qiji ")
There is a Chu state ")
〔3〕
Although I am an official, my living standard is getting higher and higher, and my pension is not good.
Donors feed their families. As a result, he himself became extremely world-weary. It's a pity to have such knowledge.
It is not as good as ignorant vegetation! It's better to be homeless than to involve your wife and children.
Vegetation. People envy the freedom of vegetation, which is a bit cynical.
It seems so.
In addition, Xiaoya's Guo E and Xiaoya's Henghua both showed extremes.
Worrying about the country and the people, even saying that life is worse than death. Visible, "Nineteen Ancient Poems" in inheriting this.
While thinking about literature, it is also developing the art of poetry expression. "to" nineteen ancient poems "
That is, poems and miscellaneous poems ... are exquisite and profound, which is really earth-shattering. "
[4] The wonderful pen is amazing, just like Youlong's expression of world-weariness, not anymore.
The direct recitation of The Book of Songs.
2 Secular hedonism
As we have analyzed before, there is a very strong world-weariness in poetry.
According to common sense, world-weary people often choose to escape from the world. Let's take a look at the world-weariness in Nineteen Songs.
After choosing the show. Due to the influence of society at that time, although their views set out
In the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi, its destination is the same as that of Liezi Yang Zhu. Budu Huarong
Wealth, fame and fortune, and even the concepts of "the immortal god of the valley" and "long life"
It is also undoubtedly broken.
"The book is short and the night is long. Why don't you travel by candlelight? How can you stay here in time? " , "Fool!"
Those who cherish fees are despised by future generations. Immortal Wang Ziqiao cannot wait for the same period "("Born of discontent,
"Hundred Schools"), "Seeking immortality by food is often mistaken by medicine. It is better to drink wine and put on tens of thousands and sous. "
(Drive to the east gate). It really exposed those decadent ideas mentioned above. enjoy
Happy today is the real life, and all the dreams pinned on it can't stand waiting. here
, has put that kind of world-weary mood ran to the outside of the cloud nine, has been out of decadence.
I freed myself from my thoughts and found a wonderful way to live. This idea
It is quite different from the traditional concept. Fame and honor are all wasted here and should not be.
Talk about something more. Today is so beautiful, what are we waiting for? To reality
The praise of hedonism is extreme.
"It is extremely enjoyable to entertain your mind, and you are forced by it" (Green Mausoleum on the Cypress). At that time, your power was carefree.
I care about my country and entertain myself blindly. Why am I forced to be alone? This also shows the society at that time.
Will have fallen into a state that cannot be changed by external forces. Personal efforts are nothing more than
Is to let people fall into more pain. Qu Yuan's Will: "Everyone is drunk and I wake up alone"
It takes too much courage after all.
The idea of worldly pleasures can also be found in the Book of Songs.
Origin:
"With wine and food, why not rejoice and live forever?" ("Tang-style Mountain Tour"
Pivot ")
"See the gentleman, and sit on the drum. I'm not happy today, but I'm old when I die ... Meet a gentleman and sit down together.
Drum sounds spring, people are unhappy today, and the deceased is like a husband. "("Qin Che Feng Che ")
"Tonight's wedding banquet, the gentleman must have a banquet." (Xiaoya)
God denies that the result of doubt cannot but produce pessimistic suicidal thoughts. In that way
However, suicide is easier said than done. It's not a problem to be depressed like that after all, it's all due to scheming.
A turn, it will inevitably become a tendency to indulge in pleasure.
Times are changing and ideas are changing. But life is also short, you have to live in a limited life.
There are also many limitations to success in school. Disappointed, it is inevitable that "there is wine today."
I'm loaded. "This is the Nineteen Ancient Poems, which can travel through time and space and withstand the erosion of sandstorms.
Let's meet today. This is like, if there is no drama "Resurrection", then
There won't be such a high status as the Peony Pavilion. There is no real enjoyment behind the world-weary thought.
The praise of musicalism and Nineteen Ancient Poems will not stop here. When it is dark, people often need to see a glimmer of light. When you are desperate, you should also seek a spirit of trust.
Comfortable.
References:
[1] Chen: The Classic of Shangshu, Zhonghua Book Company, 2005.
[2] Liang Qichao: "The Beauty of China and Its History", Oriental Publishing House 1996.
[3], [5] Yao Jiheng, "The Book of Songs", Zhonghua Book Company 1958.
[4] Hu Yinglin's Internal Collection of Poems, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1996.