How did craftsmen bind manuscripts in ancient Europe without staplers?

Stapler is one of the important inventions of modern stationery. Staplers are indispensable for most of our daily work and study. Staplers can not only help us bind all messy documents, but also nail some important manuscripts to a special desktop with stapler nails to prevent them from being blown away by the wind, or they can also be used to bind books into volumes for reading. These functions of stapler bring great convenience to our daily life.

However, in ancient Europe a long time ago, there were no staplers. How do they classify books and bind manuscripts? It's actually very simple. In that era when there was no stapler, people invented a kind of glue, which was not only extremely sticky, but also could bear the stickiness of dozens of pages, making it difficult for books to fall down. However, this glue is too sticky. If you post the wrong book, it will be difficult to save the situation. So later, someone invented glue with moderate viscosity, so that books can be changed at will during the binding process.

Of course, the glue has expired, and the book will appear very scattered at this time. So Europeans learned a new binding method from the Far East, that is, tying these books with ropes, threading them with needle and thread, and binding them carefully. However, this method also has its disadvantages. If only the manuscript were made of cloth. If it is made of paper, it will be more difficult to bind it, because with a little effort, the fragile paper will be torn and the manuscript will be torn, which is really not worth the candle. If you want to bind the book, you can only choose tough paper or cloth instead.

Therefore, the appearance of stapler is very necessary. The stapler can not only bind books well with staples, but also avoid worrying about the phenomenon of books falling off due to time problems. At the same time, there are different binding methods, so you can change books at will during the binding process. So we can only say that the change of tools will really bring more convenience to people's lives.