Xu Shu was a famous counselor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His character is upright. Because he fled, he changed his name list and later changed it to ordinary. Yang Zhai (now Yuxian), a native of Yingchuan, was born in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Xu Shu, Cui from Boling, Meng from Runan and Runan (184- 188) are called four famous people.
When Xu Shu was young, he loved fencing, was a chivalrous man, and often posed as a benevolent man. In his last years in Zhong Ping (188), he defended the people's grievances, killed them, and then fled, but was caught by officers and men. However, he kept his mouth shut and didn't say his name. Later, he saved them from danger, changed his name and ran away. From then on, I abandoned my sword and looked for famous teachers everywhere. Study hard, make great progress in school, and finally become a generation of celebrities. During the first year of Di Xianping (190- 193), the Yellow Scarf Army revolted. At that time, Zhuge Liang lived in Longzhong, and Xu Shu and Cui often talked with Zhuge Liang about the world situation. Later, Si Mahui also lived in Jingzhou for avoiding chaos. They met at Pang Degong's house and chatted about the world situation. Xu Shu was persuaded by Si Mahui, defected to Liu Bei, prepared the above hospitality for Xu Shu, and appointed him as a strategist. Liu Bei praised Xu Shu for his talent in Wang Zuo. Xu Shu called Wolong Zhu Gekongming a genius in the world. "After the introduction, Zhuge Liang felt very grateful and went out to assist Liu Bei." Later, Cao Cao forced his mother to be threatened by Cao Ying and had to leave Liu Bei. But never for Cao Cao. Therefore, later generations have the proverb "Xu Shu entered-said nothing" and "Being in the Han Dynasty". In the early years of Huang Dynasty in Wei Wendi (AD 220-226), Xu Shu served in the State of Wei as a corps commander and an advisor. A few years later, he died of illness.
Xu Shu, whose real name is Fu, is straight. Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan) was born. Celebrities in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Liu Bei became an official at first, and later became a subordinate of Cao Cao.
[Edit this paragraph] Personal data
Xu Shu Han nationality was an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period (see history books). Liu Bei returned to Liu Bei first, assisted Liu Bei to manage Xinye, and defeated the Xinye crusade team in Cao Jun successively, which was highly valued by Cao Cao. He used Cheng Yu's plan to get Xu Mu and Xudu to intimidate Liu Congcao. Xu Shu was the most filial. He hanged himself from Cao Hou's mother and never made a plan in Cao Cao's life.
Life and death (? —about 232)
Finally belongs to Wei.
Born in Yingchuan County, Yuzhou [now Xuchang, Henan Province]
Relevant records that have not appeared for the time being.
Officer to right corps commander, suggestion and honesty.
Family information
Father Xu Chen mother Wang Yuan
Unknown spouse
Unknown child
Brothers and sisters Xu Kang Xu Xiu
Related figures Liu Bei Zhuge Liang Si Mahui Pang Tong Shi Tao
The forces that once worked for Han Yuzhou herded Liu Bei, and the Prime Minister of Han Dynasty supervised Chinese and foreign military Cao Cao and Cao Weiguo (post-Cao Pi era and Cao Rui era).
[Edit this paragraph] A concise historical biography
Xu Shu (), whose real name is Xu Fu (only Xu Fuchuan, not Xu Shuchuan) in Xu's TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms, was interested in fencing when he was young, and later switched to study. Because of the war in the Central Plains, he lived in Jingzhou and made friends with Zhuge Liang, Si Mahui and Pang Tong. After Xu Shu played for Liu Bei, he also recommended Zhuge Liang. During the Battle of Naisaka, Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Jun, so Xu Shu defected to Cao Cao in the north and became the commander-in-chief from Wei Guan to You Wei.
According to the description in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu took revenge by killing people and got officials; The companion stole it and saved it. But thanks to the list, I escaped under a different name. Fu Shan is just a pseudonym.
[Edit this paragraph] Romantic Biography
Xu Shu loved fencing when he was young, and then he studied fencing and traveled around the world. When Liu Bei was in Xinye, Xu Shu made a list of blessings, went to Liu Bei and was worshipped as a military adviser. Xu Shu persuaded Liu Bei to defeat Cao Jiang, Lv Kuang and Lv Xiang, fight Coss and take Fancheng. Soon Cheng Yu, Cao Cao's counselor, broke the identity of Xu Shu, saying that Xu Shu's talent was ten times his own. Cao Cao wanted to win over Xu Shu, so Cheng Yu took Xu Shu's mother and used fake books to earn Xu Shu's surrender. Xu Shu recommended Zhuge to Liu Bei before he left, and vowed to "never plan" in Cao Ying. Later, Xu Shu followed Cao Cao to attend Battle of Red Cliffs. At Pang Tong's suggestion, he volunteered to go to Shanhaiguan pass to defend Marten and Han Sui and avoid the Red Cliff fire.
[Fu Shan (this is Luo Guanzhong's misunderstanding, Shi Yue said, "Shu Ren has good news first, and this is a single family." The "single family" here is not the son of a single family, but the only child. ), this is Xu Shu, because people attack others and kill them. In order to avoid the pursuit of officers and men. Later, it was renamed Fu Shan. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was born in Yangzhai, Yingchuan (now Yuzhou City, Henan Province). A generation of celebrities in Yingchuan at the end of Han Dynasty. After returning to Cao, he worked in Wei Guan to the right corps commander, and in the imperial history. For Xu Shu, because of his wonderful description in China's classic Romance of the Three Kingdoms, China people know that he is a household name, and is well known to all women and children. Although many plots in the book are different from the official history, he is filial to his mother and strongly recommends Zhuge, but the historical records are detailed. ?
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Ranger Jianghu?
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Xu Shu's date of birth cannot be verified because there are no historical records, but according to his activities recorded in historical records, he was born during the Jianning period of Emperor Han Ling (168- 172). When Xu Shu was a teenager, he admired those martial arts heroes who hated evil and helped the poor, and he was determined to be an indomitable warrior. In order to realize this great wish, I have studied with teachers since I was a child, practiced martial arts hard, made friends with chivalrous people, and discussed and studied with various artistic and technical schools. After learning something, I will travel around and do some chivalrous deeds to eliminate violence and help the poor. Xu Shu soon became a famous young knight. ?
At the end of Zhong Ping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (188), a friend of Xu Shu was victimized by a local tyrant and bully. In desperation, he had to ask the young to avenge him. After accepting a friend's request, Xu Shu smeared his face with white chalk mud, broke into the bully's home alone and stabbed him to death with a sword. Xu Shu was about to leave when he was surrounded by a large number of your honour. Being outnumbered and caught by mistake, the government gave Xu Shu a severe trial. Xu Shu refused to tell the truth out of Jianghu morality. I'm afraid it will implicate my mother, and I won't give my name and identity despite being tortured. When the government was poor, they sent people to tie Xu Shu to the post of the criminal car and paraded the streets with gongs and drums to ask the people to identify him. The common people thought that Xu Shu was chivalrous and removed a bully for the place, so no one came forward to identify him. The government was helpless, but Xu Shu's friends managed to get him out of prison. ?
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Abandon the martial arts and join the literature?
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This incident caused a great shock in Xu Shu's thought. He realized that his own strength was not enough to eradicate human injustice and kill all the pests in the world. Judging the situation, we can see that the Eastern Han Dynasty is becoming more and more decadent, and the vassal regimes are everywhere. They are determined to abandon military power for politics and master the art of governing the country and using troops for the benefit of the world. From then on, Xu Shu bid farewell to his friends in the Wulin, abandoned his sword and halberd, and devoted himself to studying. When I first entered the library, my classmates were reluctant to associate with him when they learned that he had violated the ban by force. Xu Shu didn't mind this at all, but still went his own way and devoted himself tirelessly to his studies. Thanks to his diligence and cleverness, he has made rapid progress in his studies. In addition, he is honest and sincere, open-minded and generous, and soon got the understanding of teachers and classmates. When I was studying in the academy, I shared the same interests with Shi Tao (word Guangyuan) in the same county and became close friends. ?
During the first peacetime of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty (190— 193), the Han Dynasty declined, the ministers of the Han Dynasty were dictatorial, the land of the Central Plains rose side by side, and scuffles continued. Xu Shu and Shi Tao moved their families to Jingzhou to escape the war. In Jingzhou, Xu Shu met Cui, Meng, Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and others who lived here. In his contacts with Zhuge Liang, Xu Shu was fascinated by Zhuge Liang's profound knowledge, superhuman insights, keen observation and judgment of the current situation, and unique skills of governing the country. Zhuge Liang also admired Xu Shu's outstanding talent and noble character. They had frequent contacts, talked about the general trend of the world, appraised the heroes at that time, and discussed the way of governing the country and using troops. Xu Shu was convinced that Zhuge Liang was famous for Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Period and Le Yi in the Warring States Period. ?
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Recommend talents?
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When Xu Shu was in Jingzhou, Jingzhou Muliu Biao invited Xu Shu to be an official for many times. However, Xu Shu's view of Liu's appearance is that although he is known as a royal family and a good corporal, he is indecisive in his bones and knows good and evil, which is just a hollow reputation. Xu Shujian insisted on resigning. In the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), Liu Bei, who was defeated by the Central Plains, came to take refuge in Liu Biao, who was suspicious of him and asked him to station troops in a new field to resist Cao Cao. Through observation, Xu Shu found that Liu Bei was ambitious, only slightly better, and could treat his subordinates well. So he went to Niinomi, Liu Bei. Liu Beizheng deliberately made friends with people of insight in Jingxiang area, and came to take refuge in Xu Shu and ascend to heaven, which was quite famous. Liu Bei attached great importance to Xu Shu's talent and personality, and immediately left him in the camp, entrusted him with an important task, and let him participate in rectifying the army and training foot soldiers. ?
In the ninth year of Jian 'an (204), Liu Bei took advantage of Cao Cao's invasion of Yecheng, Hebei Province, and sent troops to plunder the land near Yexian County in the north. Xia Houdun, the general of Cao Wei who stayed in Xuchang, sent troops to resist with Yu Jin and Li Dian. Because Liu Biao refused to send troops to help, Liu Beibing was weak and could not stop Jun. At this critical juncture, Xu Shu suggested setting fire to the village, pretending to retreat, and then sent Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others to lead the troops in an ambush, waiting for Cao Jun's pursuer .. Xia Houdun didn't know there was fraud, regardless of Li Dian's dissuasion, and pursued Liu Bei with a light horse. Liu Bei's ambush troops attacked at the same time, surrounded Cao Jun, and Cao Jun suffered heavy casualties. Liu Bei turned defeat into victory, and there was no danger. Just calmly withdrawing troops and returning to Xinye. ?
Liu Bei was overjoyed by Xu Shu's outstanding military talent, and praised him for his talent in Wang Zuo. Xu Shu tried to be self-effacing, saying that his talent was far from Zhuge Liang's, so he recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. Liu Bei visited Si Mahui, the "Mr. Water Mirror" of Yang Zhai in Jingzhou before, and Si Mahui also recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. Now that Xu Shu has strongly recommended Zhuge Liang, he suddenly has the heart to recruit. He wants to entrust Xu Shu to represent himself and invite Zhuge Liang to come out. Declined politely, Xu Shu pointed out that Zhuge Liang had the ability to run the country and keep the country safe, and was called "Mr. Wolong", so that he could settle down. It's not easy to get this prodigy, so I suggest Liu Bei go in person. Liu Bei is eager for talents and condescends to look after his humble abode. His piety finally moved Zhuge Liang, accepted Liu Bei's invitation, and went to war to assist Liu Bei in 2007, thus laying a pattern of tripartite confrontation among the three countries. ?
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Jenny belongs to Cao?
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In the 13th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (AD 208), Cao Cao led his army south to Jingzhou. At this time, Liu Biao was dead, and his son Liu Cong surrendered without a fight. Liu Bei led more than 200,000 soldiers and civilians to the south. When Cao Jun caught up with Dangyang Changbanpo, Liu Bei was outnumbered and ran away. Xu Shu's mother was unfortunately captured by Cao Jun, and Cao Caopa sent someone to forge her mother's personal letter to call her back to Xudu. When Xu Shu learned of this incident, she was in great pain and said goodbye to Liu Bei with tears in her eyes. Pointing to his chest, he said, "I was going to work with the general for the great cause of Wang Ba. I am very sad now. I can't describe it. It's a pity that my mother was captured and her heart was in chaos. Even if I stay with the general, it won't help. Please allow me to say goodbye and go to the north to serve my elderly mother! " Although Liu Bei couldn't bear to let Xu Shu leave himself, he knew that Xu Shu was a famous dutiful son, and he couldn't bear to watch his mother and son separate. He was even more afraid that if Xu's mother was killed, he would be accused of keeping human flesh and blood, so he had to leave Xu Shu in tears. ?
After Xu Shu returned to Cao from the north, he was still attached to his friends Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. Although he has great strategy and talent, he is unwilling to make suggestions for Cao Cao and make enemies with Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. Therefore, Xu Shu has been in Cao Wei for decades, but he has never made any achievements in politics and military affairs, and he is almost unknown. This is what people often say: "Xu Shu entered Cao Ying without saying a word". In the early days of the Huang Dynasty (220-226), Xu Shu was an official of the right corps commander and served as a consultant. In the third year of Wei Mingdi Taihe (229), Zhuge Liang started his expedition to the Central Plains from Qishan. When he heard what happened to Xu Shu after Cao entered Wei, he couldn't help sighing for his good friend's life. ?
Xu Shu's life, although ill-fated and bumpy, did not make anything earth-shattering in the end. But his personality and morality of loyalty to the monarch, honesty, filial piety and recommending talents will be passed down to future generations.
a two-part allegorical saying
Xu Shu walked into Cao Cao without saying a word.
[Edit this paragraph] Character evaluation
Xu Shu's "The History of the Three Kingdoms" has not been circulated, and Pei Songzhi's "Wei Lue" records: "Shu Ren is famous first, and this single family is less good at fencing. At the end of Zhong Ping, he tasted the taste of revenge for others. Chalk suddenly appeared and he was sent away. In order to earn money, he asked his last name and kept silent. The official was standing on the pillar of the car, beating gongs and drums to make it difficult for the city to know, but his party member * * * usurped and got rid of it. So I was grateful, abandoned the sword and halberd, and was even less clothed and less educated. When the students heard that they were thieves before, they used * * * and refused to stop. Fu Nai bends down to get up early, often cleans up alone, moves forward, listens to the scriptures, and understands reason. " After reading this record, we can know that the introduction of Xu Shu's life in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is taken from Wei Lue, and the origin of this name undoubtedly comes from "every ordinary person has a blessing first, and this is a single family". According to the description in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu's surname was Fu earlier, so he was called Fu because he was the son of a single family, and later he was renamed Xu Shu. But this understanding is all wet. . . "The word' singles' doesn't mean' singles' here. A word has four tones. When used as a surname, it is pronounced as "mountain" and generally as "Dan". The word "single family" is very common in ancient books. Such as the book of Jin. Su Junchuan: "Jun Ben is exclusive, and people gather in troubled times." Pei Songzhi quoted the History of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Lue, to describe Xia Xue's deeds: "Xia Xue's words show that people in Tianshui are also in Zhaozhao. Be knowledgeable and versatile. In Tianshui, the old surnames such as Jiang, Jing, Ren and Ren are often pushed to the county, but in summer they are single-family families, not to surrender. Four surnames want to be * * *, summer is a wanderer, and Dongyi is the capital. So the so-called "Xu Shu Exclusive" in Wei Lue means that Xu Shu was born in a poor family, not a noble family. It is not that Xu Shu is the son of a single family.
Xu Shu is an important counselor of Cao Wei, and his personality is straightforward. When I was in Xinye, I went to Liu Bei. In 208, Cao Cao went south and broke into a new field. When Xu Shu and Zhuge Liang went to Longbanpo together, he was defeated by Cao Cao, and Xu Shu's mother was arrested by Cao Cao. Xu Shu said to Liu Bei, "I can only give full play to my talents in Xinye County. There are no new items now, and my heart is in a mess. Mother is at Cao Cao's place, please let me go. " After Liu Bei signed the contract, Xu Shu went to Cao Cao. Battle of Red Cliffs and Xu Shu were sent to guard Chang 'an in case of Marten. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Xu Shu played a very good role as a counselor and was deeply loved by Cao Cao. After Cao Pi succeeded to the throne, Xu Shu became one of the three public officials, and gave many ideas to Sima Yi during Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition. Xu Shu in history and Xu Shu in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms are totally two people. The so-called "Xu Shujin in Cao Ying-didn't say anything" is totally unfounded. Far from saying nothing, Xu Shu said a lot. Otherwise, he will never be an official. If it is not loyalty, Xu Shu is indeed a good counselor.
According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu said that Xu Shu was better than Er Xun in the History of the Three Kingdoms, but there was little description of Xu Shu in the History of the Three Kingdoms. He only said that he was a friend of Zhuge Liang when he was a teenager, and then followed Liu Bei, but he didn't make any achievements. He just recommended Zhuge Liang for his work. However, if combined with the statement in Pei Zhu's "Slight", Xu Shu's image is even more imperfect: "Look at the outline from the bright side. Every morning and evening, I am calm and often scream with my knees. I said to the three people, "You three can go to the county secretariat." "-in the eyes of Zhuge Liang, Xu Shu's talent can only be a leader, not a level at all. Later, due to the pursuit of Xiangyang, Xu Shu's mother was captured, so she followed Cao Cao with her friend Shi Tao, and finally succeeded only in making suggestions, which seemed to verify Zhuge Liang's remarks. Therefore, some people think that Xu Shu in history is an ordinary person who is completely different from Xu Shu in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, that is, he does not have the talents of Xun and Guo, nor is he ambitious. For Liu Bei's camp, there are not many people without him. But if we read history more carefully, we will find that this is not the case.
It is clearly recorded in the "Three Kingdoms" that Xu Shu's ambition is "to build a career with generals"-as big as Zhuge Liang's ambition. After he followed Liu Bei, he immediately gained Liu Bei's esteem, which was obtained before Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang, so Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. Later, Zhuge Liang heard that Xu Shu had only succeeded in Wei, and sighed and said, "Cheers to Shu Wei! Why don't they use it? " It is very different from the evaluation of young people. (But Xu Shu is not reused, not necessarily because of his ability. There may be other reasons. Because, after all, the relationship between Xu Shu and Liu Bei's camp was too close, Wei had to guard against it. In Chibi, Cao Cao asked Xu Shu to guard Chang 'an, but he didn't want him to meet his old master on the battlefield, which also illustrated Xu Shu's embarrassing situation from the side. As for Zhuge Liang's "Shu Wei Toast!" Why don't they use it? ",more is to sigh Wei's talent and regret for wasting the talent of old friends, and did not want to say" Xu Shu is not ranked in Wei ").
A passage in Zi Tong Zhi Jian can better explain Xu Shu's position in Zhuge Liang's mind: "In May, Prince Zen ascended the throne at the age of seventeen. Said empress dowager cixi, amnesty the world, changed to xing. Seal the Prime Minister Liang as the Hou of Wuxiang, and lead Yizhou to shepherd. There are no details in politics, and the salt is determined by the light. Ming is the appointment of official positions, the maintenance of the legal system, education and the group: "The husband of the Ministry gathers public thoughts and is loyal and beneficial. If it's too far away, it's hard to break it and it will be lost. If you break the rules and win, you will get jade instead of jade. However, people's hearts will not be exhausted, but Xu Yuan is not confused. In addition, Dong Youzai has been in the department for seven years, and there is nothing wrong with it. As for the ten rebellions, I'll tell you. If you can admire Yuan Zhi's eleventh, the diligence of young Zaiqu and the loyalty to the country, you can shine less. " "Xu Shu, who was already an official in Cao Wei at that time, was mentioned as a model of high morality. It can be seen that in Zhuge Liang's mind, Xu Shu is not an ordinary person.
According to Wei Luzhong, Xu Shu was a wild boy fencing in Ren Xia as a teenager-maybe he was a robber. He once avenged people (my understanding is that he killed an enemy), and later he became a scholar. He should be no less than fifteen or sixteen years old when he abandoned martial arts. At this time, Xu Shu, who has always been a bohemian, was able to ignore the supercilious eyes of his classmates, bow down and get up early, study hard, and soon gained deep attainments in his studies. Zhuge Liang, on the other hand, put him in the same class as Meng, thinking that he could only be qualified for the position of secretariat state and county. If it is true, it may be because Zhuge Liang and he knew each other shallowly at that time, while Xu Shu was not very knowledgeable because of his short study time. Later, when Xu Shu finished his studies and got to know Zhuge Liang, his ambition and moral knowledge were basically mature. In Zhuge Liang's eyes, he is naturally not "Amon under Wu".
However, judging from Xu Shu's abandonment of Liu for Cao Cao, Xu Shu and others' ambition of "the career of drawing pictures" may indeed not be his childhood ambition, but his ambition gradually grew up with the growth of knowledge. But because of the short time, he is not very firm. After his mother had to go to Cao Cao, Xu Shu's view of fame and fortune was very weak. And Cao Cao's account is full of talents, and there is no suitable position for Xu Shu. Xu Shu's ambition is to find out Wang Ba's career with others, and he needs to engage in it instead of driving, so Xu Shu finally succeeded only in the imperial history. In fact, Xu Shu at this time is a hidden person. If Xu Shu does not return to Cao Cao and continues to follow Liu Bei, although his fame is not as good as Zhuge Liang's, it should be no less than that of Sun Gan, Jian Yong and others, and he may be tied with Fazheng Pang Tong.
Xu Shu
As soon as Xu Shu appeared, he called himself Shan and Fu. The romance of the Three Kingdoms is introduced in this way. In fact, Xu Shu just changed his name, not his surname. Weiluo said that he was a "single family" because he was born in a poor family, not a noble family. Interpreted as "the son of a single family", the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms is quite ambitious. This young man, Ren Xia, once avenged others, but he was caught by mistake. His partner made a scene and saved him. From then on, he changed his purpose, cut corners and read books, and met Zhuge Liang in Jingzhou. When Liu Bei was stationed in Xinye, he went to see Liu Bei and introduced Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei, so there was a scene of "visiting the thatched cottage". He left Liu Bei and went to Cao Cao, but he was not as glorious as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and there was no so-called "recommendation of Zhuge". He recommended Kong Ming to Liu before, not when he left. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms said that Cao Cao welcomed Xu Mu and asked Xu Mu to write and call Xu Shu. Xu mother scolded, inkstone hit Cao Cao. So Cheng Yu gave advice and forged a letter from Xu Mu, which attracted Xu Shu. Xu Shu had to bid farewell to Liu Bei and defected to Cao for "loyalty and filial piety can't be satisfactory to both sides". The Romance of the Three Kingdoms created an awe-inspiring and quite successful mother Xu here.
The fact is, however, that in the 13th year of Jian 'an, Cao Caonan levied Liu Biao, Ada surrendered before the army, and Liu Bei was caught off guard, leaving Fan Chengnan, and Cao Bing was too poor to give up. On the way, Xu's mother was captured by Cao Bing, and Xu Shu said goodbye to Liu Bei. He resigned from Liu Bei to Cao for the sake of "filial piety" when Liu Bei was most embarrassed. "Recommend Zhuge" was inserted by the novelist to arrange the plot. In fact, Zhuge Liang was invited out of the mountain by Liu Bei at that time.
The Real Destination of Xu Shu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Feng Chu taught Xu Shu a word, just like a swimming fish should be decoupled. This is the moment when Xu Shu, a celebrity of the Three Kingdoms, got rid of Cao Wei Group and soared freely. In the war-torn era, where will Xu Shu go? According to the available information and legend, Xu Shu, who recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei in history, lived in seclusion in Maozi Peak, Jiaonan, Qingdao after several travels.
As one of the few wise men in the early Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu once played a very important role in the establishment of Liu Bei Dynasty. After becoming Liu Bei's military adviser, Xu Shu showed his talents. In a few months, he tried his best to kill Lv Kuang, behead Lv Xiang, defeat Coss and Fancheng, change Liu Bei's morale and let Cao Cao's arrogance cool down. He recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. After his mother was forced to surrender by Cao Cao, Xu Shu became a corps commander and served as a counselor. However, neither the Romance of the Three Kingdoms nor other historical books have given an account of the whereabouts of the famous Three Kingdoms. Did the author inadvertently ignore such an important person, or did he consciously avoid talking about it for some reason? We have no way to prove it. There are also different opinions about where Xu Shu went. The legend about Xu Shu's seclusion in Jiaonan can be found in the book Lingshan Wei Zhi compiled in Jiaonan area in recent years. Maozi Peak in Jiaonan still has the remains of Xushu Temple, and there are many legends about Xu Shu among the people in Jiaonan.
From the 13th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 208), the story goes like this: The Three Kingdoms were in melee, and the lives of ordinary people were miserable; Liu Bei led the crowd to cross the river and plug the river; A fire in Chibi claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Facing the cruel reality, plus the stupidity that the old mother hates Jiuquan. Xu Shu indignation to the extreme. Although he intends to get rid of Battle of Red Cliffs's involvement, he also feels desperate and has nowhere to vent. He can't help but sigh: "I am Xu, and I have the heart to serve the country, but I am unable to return to heaven;" Unfaithful, unfilial, and a minister. " Full of literary talent, he watched hundreds of thousands of soldiers die in flames, unable to volunteer for rescue, but acted as if nothing had happened. He recalled the oath that "a gentleman does not make meritorious deeds, and plants do not rot" when he was young, and he felt ashamed and ashamed to see the world.
When I was young, I was ambitious and heroic. I just want to find a wise Lord who can plan for the country. Not only can you realize your great ambition, but you can also devote all your efforts to the ideal of "great in the atlas and clear in the sea county" to prevent the decline of great men, such as Guan Zhong, an ancient sage, and Yan, who is famous for bamboo and silk, virtue and vegetation. However, looking at the trend of the world at that time, it has become a tripartite confrontation. Although Cao Mengde defeated Chibi, it had a good time. Although this man is guilty, he is always a lean man, fighting for power and profit. With the help of the emperor, he ordered his ministers to build his own steps to the peak of power with the bones of millions of soldiers, which could not help the Han family and save the people from the war. Sun Lang lives in the east of the river, where he enjoys a favorable geographical position and harmonious people. Xu Shu, who is disheartened, only knows his own sadness. He has mixed feelings, and his mind is full of the idea of retiring from the Jianghu and not competing with the world. He is looking forward to retiring from the mountains, the breeze blowing on the door and the time when the moon sits down. Cao Cao was in full swing when he made a bronze sparrow terrace to lock the second bridge. At this time, Xu Shu was disguised and concealed, avoiding the bustling downtown, going through customs all the way, going around Chang 'an, visiting Songshan and returning to Yingchuan. Visit Taishan, Qingzhou, Penglai and Bohai Bay; I set foot on the Langya platform where Qin Shihuang went on stage three times to worship, carve a monument to praise virtue and seek longevity. He paid homage to the four seasons gods visited by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Qin Shihuang, and paid tribute to the footprints of his ancestor Xu Fu. Xu Fu is the representative and leader of Qi township alchemists, and Langya is the most concentrated area of Qi alchemists, with a large number and strong strength. An Qisheng, the alchemist leader of Xu Fu's contemporaries, was regarded as a fairy by later generations, that is, the director of the pavilion in Langya House. He talked with Qin Shihuang for three nights. Perhaps Xu Shu was attracted by Langya's fame and many "immortals" and wanted to cultivate immortals here.
He has just reached the top of Mount Tai and enjoyed all the other dwarfed peaks in the sky. S heroic spirit, at the same time in Langya Taiwan have a foothold to feel the heroic power of Qin Shihuang. Although Mount Tai is high, it is ugly to watch the sea at sunrise, but watching the sun from Langya Terrace can witness its panoramic view rising from the bottom of the sea, which is even more magnificent. Standing on the Langya platform, looking around, the turbulent sea is boundless, and the sun shines in the morning and evening, which makes people feel relaxed and happy. Clouds cover the sun under your feet, and water returns to nature; Crane dance on Songtao, Luming Literature water shadow, Dazhushan, Xiaozhushan, Shuilingshan Island and Zhaitang Island (the small island that Qin Shihuang fasted) are all around; Watching Bailong playing in the beach in Longwan and watching a mirage made him ecstatic and made him forget the blood spilled on the battlefield.
He arrived at Dazhu Mountain, facing Langya Taiwan across the sea. Dazhushan is a remote and desolate area, with rugged rocks and relying on sea and the sky. Rabbits fly into the sky, green trees turn cloudy, pine trees sing, springs play with flowing water, and white clouds dance with the breeze. There is a peak like a hat on the mountain, called Hat Peak. The bottom of the mountain falls into the sea. At the high tide, the snow spread horizontally, and the turtles in Jiao Xiao lived for a long time, and the fishing reefs survived. The white sail hangs alone in the poor sky, a paradise for immortals and a sacred place for hermits. He chose Maofeng to live in seclusion. On the hat on the top of the jade plate, there are wide sleeves and green swords. Dan furnace red light flashing, cigarettes around, the wind whistling. Xu Shu, a demigod and a demiman, has reached the realm of no self at this time. In the following years, villagers often saw a bearded hermit walking along the Jiaonan coast. He is Xu Shu, a militarist who is tired of war and a social activist who retired to Maofeng. According to the investigation of Qingdao Museum and Qingdao Academy of Social Sciences, Xushan (originally from Jiaonan, now Huangdao District of Qingdao) not far from Maozifeng was named after Xu Shu. Legend has it that during the Three Kingdoms period, Xu Shu passed by Dazhu Mountain and stayed in a cave in the western hills for one night, so he called this mountain Xushan, that is, Xushu Mountain. On the stone on the west slope of Niuwang Temple, there are two stone troughs several meters long, which are as thick as teacups and shaped like self-propelled rut marks. The local people said that this was the rut mark pressed by Xu Shu when he pushed the wheelbarrow. There is a Xushu cave on the east slope of Xushan Mountain, which was bombed several years ago because of quarrying. Now there is only a big sinkhole, about 100 square meter.
Xu Shu helped the villagers with his profound knowledge and extraordinary wisdom. He knows astronomy from above and geography from below, so he chooses a suitable climate season for fishermen to go fishing in the sea. Avoid evil wind, eliminate dumpling harm, and use his Huang Qi skills to solve problems for the people. Teach farmers to pick mulberry and raise silkworms and grow grain to get rich. Villagers are always ready to help each other when they are in trouble. He did a lot of good for the local people and left many legends and stories about him. In Jiaonan, there is also a proverb that "Xu Shu never leaves Maofeng". Wei Zhi in Lingshan recorded the legend of Xu Shu's activities in Jiaonan. He was regarded as a fairy by the villagers, and he spread his praise to Fiona Fang for hundreds of miles. A few years later, people built the Xushu Temple at Maozi Peak in Dazhu Mountain. Since then, incense has continued, and worship has reached a feverish level, with nothing to ask for. In the past, fishermen and people from Jiaonan, Jiaozhou, Zhucheng, Gaomi and other places came to pay homage and were very respectful. Just as southerners worship Mazu before going out to sea, people here go to Xushu Temple to worship before going out to sea.
Xushu Temple was destroyed in the 1940s, and the temple foundation still exists today. Many local residents still believe in Xu Shu, and whenever they sail out to sea, they must go to Xushu Temple to worship Xu Shu on time. The legend of "Xu Shu never leaves Maofeng" is a household name in the local area. From the first day of the first month to the fifth day of the first month, people flocked to Maofeng to worship him. Climbing Maofeng in the first month is a unique custom in Jiaonan. After the New Year's Eve dinner on the first day of the first lunar month, people nearby climbed to Maofeng with lanterns and firecrackers. From a distance, it looks like a winding dragon, which is extremely spectacular. "Hu Shi Shuo" says that there is a drum ocean in the North Sea of Lingshan. There are honeysuckle flowers on the island, which can be arched. A good man crossed the ocean. When an old man arrived by boat, he looked very old. Ask: "Where is the child going?" Tell the truth. He said, "This is not a worldly thing. You can keep it with people who are resistant to winter." Another cloud said, "There is a Taoist teacher named Hu Yuyang in Jimo who wants to make an inquiry for me." The words have disappeared. The man was surprised and boarded the raft. The wind suddenly rises and has been abandoned. I visited Hu Yuyang, indeed. Nonsense: During the Three Kingdoms, Xu Shu lived in seclusion for a long time.
Xu Shu: Yuan Zhi's native place: Yingchuan County, Yuzhou (now Yuzhou, Henan) Official position: Right commander's suggestion and historical chronology: Xu Shu was originally named Xu Fu, and was originally a poor son. (Note: In Wei Lue's original text, "Every husband is blessed first, and this is a single family". Some people interpret Xu Shuyuan as a child of a single-parent family. However, the current mainstream view of "single-parent family" is that the family foundation is weak and the family background is poor, so as explained in this paper. ) Xu Shu loved fencing in Ren Xia when he was young. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (about 189), he avenged others, drew his face with chalk, ran away with his hair between his legs, and was captured by officials. The official asked his name, but he didn't answer, so the official tied him to the car and beat gongs and drums in the city, even people who knew him were afraid to say. Later, Xu Shu's companions came to the rescue and escaped. Xu Shu regretted being saved. From then on, I abandoned the halberd, put on a thin towel and light clothes, and quit school. When you began to visit the school, your students heard that he was a thief before, and they didn't approach him. Xu Shu then assumed a servile posture, often getting up early to clean up by himself, so that he could attend classes and be familiar with the judiciary. He made friends with Shi Tao of the same county. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty (190-193), wars began in the Central Plains, and Xu Shu and Shi Tao went south together and settled in Jingzhou. After Xu Shu arrived in Jingzhou, he befriended Zhuge Liang, Si Mahui, Pang Tong and others. During Liu Bei's stay in Xinye, Xu Shu went to see Liu Bei and was highly valued by Liu Bei. After Xu Shu's recommendation, Liu Bei got Zhuge Liang. In 208, Cao Cao marched south, Liu Bei was defeated in Nagano, Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Jun, and Xu Shu bid farewell to Liu Bei, pointing to his heart: "This is where I want to work with the general in Wang Ba." . Now that I have lost my mother, it's no use. Please say goodbye. "So Liu Bei agreed to Xu Shu's departure, and Xu Shu and Shi Tao surrendered to Cao Cao in the north.