What did you find in Yingpanshan site?

More than 80 Neolithic cultural sites and relics collection points have been discovered in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Among them, Yingpanshan site has obtained very rich physical materials, and the Neolithic relics found include 9 building foundations, 5 tombs and martyrs pits, more than 80 ash pits, 4 ash ditches, kiln sites and stove pits, and a large square relic has also been found in the central and western parts of the site. Among them, the plane shapes of ash pits are oval, rectangular and fan-shaped, and the bottom and periphery of some ash pits are composed of pebbles, which is supposed to be a place for stone processing or have other uses. Stones coated with bright red pigments have also been found in some ash pits, which may have some religious significance. However, there are many foundation pits under the hard soil surface of the Grand Square site, which indicates that this place should be a place for holding major activities such as sacrifices. From the related relics and relics found in the site, it can be inferred that the ancestors of Yingpanshan mainly lived in settlement and farming. The circular bag-shaped ash pit in the site should be used to store grain or other items, indicating that there were abundant agricultural products at that time. There are quite a number of wine vessels in the pottery of Yingpanshan cultural site, such as beautifully made painted pottery pots, painted pottery bottles, cups and bowls. It is speculated that the ancestors of Yingpanshan may have mastered the brewing technology and started production.

At the same time, hunting, gathering and fishing are also indispensable supplementary contents in the economic life of the ancestors of Yingpan Mountain, whose main business is farming. The meandering channel of Minjiang River forms a large backwater area, which slows down the flow rate of the river. Shallow water area is an ideal fishing place. A large number of stone balls, finely ground stones, bone arrows and other relics used for hunting have been unearthed in this site. There are also a large number of small stone leaves, small stone cores and small stone pieces in Yingpanshan cultural site, which are mainly made of black and white translucent flint, white timely and transparent crystal. The production technology of small stone tools is mature and the materials are excellent. Most microliths are components of composite tools, which are usually used to peel and process animal skins. Microlithic technology is closely related to hunting and animal husbandry economy. In addition, there is a waist-shaped stone net pendant in the site, which is an example of fishing and hunting. The microliths and pebbles in Yingpanshan site have the characteristics of concentrated distribution. Unused finished stone tools, semi-finished stone tools and processing fragments are mostly unearthed in several large ash pits filled with gray and black. Stone coated with red pigment was found at the bottom of the ash pit of Yingpanshan site. It was found that the main component was cinnabar, and the same red pigment was found on the inner wall of some pottery, which should be the remains of the palette. It shows that the ancestors of Yingpanshan had the custom of respecting red, and the specific use of cinnabar may be related to activities such as painting and painting houses. This is also the earliest example of painting red with cinnabar found in archaeology at present. The total number of pottery, jade, stone, bone, clam and other cultural relics in Yingpanshan site is nearly ten thousand. Pottery is mainly flat-bottomed utensils and small flat-bottomed utensils. Judging from the color of pottery, it is mainly brown sand pottery, mud brown pottery, gray sand pottery, mud red pottery, mud gray pottery and mud black pottery. Among them, sand pottery can be divided into coarse sand and fine sand, with coarse schist sand pottery being the most distinctive. Among them, the shapes of painted pottery are pots, bowls, cans, bottles and so on. Painted pottery is painted in black, with grass patterns, variant bird patterns, frog patterns and so on.

The human sacrifice system and headhunting custom are one of the important contents of the spiritual life of the ancestors in Yingpan Mountain. A large square relic with an area of not less than 200 square meters was found in the middle of the site, and four human bone pits were excavated under the hard tread, of which three human bones were relatively complete and should be human sacrifice pits with cornerstone properties. There is only one head in another building, and the skull has disappeared from the top of the head and the upper jaw, leaving only the skull and the lower jaw. This phenomenon may be related to the common headhunting customs in primitive society. Five founder's sacrificial pits were also found near the densely populated area east of the central part of the site.