In addition to the immigration of "He Lao" and "Fu Lao", the education and settlement of banished eunuchs also brought the upper-class Central Plains culture to Chaoshan. Because in the eyes of the Tang and Song dynasties, the remote Chaozhou was a barbaric and savage place where officials were exiled. Han Yu once said, "In Chaozhou, the guilty are the ones who escape." In the Tang Dynasty alone, there were four prime ministers, including Zhang Xuansu, Tang Lin, Chang Huaide, Lu Yi, Li Gao, Chang Gun, Liu Xian, Hong Gui, Li Su, Han Yu, Li Zongmin, Yang Sifu, Li Deyu and other senior officials were demoted to the tide. Among them, "the tide people only believed deeply. It was Han Yu who was relegated to the Chao Dynasty for only 8 months.
Han Yu was demoted to Chaozhou in 819 AD for admonishing the Buddha's bones. At that time, he was demoted in the morning and evening, and he was immediately forced to leave. When he braved the wind and snow to arrive at Languan, not far from Xi'an, his grandnephew Han Xiang came to say goodbye. Han Yu was deeply moved because he wrote a poem: "Where is Yunheng's home in Qinling? The snow embraces Languan and the horse can't go forward. I know you are far away." "I came here on purpose, so that I can collect my bones and miasma by the river." On the way, one of Han Yu's daughters died. He thought that in Chaozhou, a place where "the sea is rising and the poisonous fog and miasma occur day and night," he must also be "dead without mercy." ". But after arriving in Chaozhou, the positive outlook on life promoted by Confucianism cheered him up, and he devoted himself desperately to making contributions. So he drove away crocodiles, met Dadian, sacrificed to the lake god, freed slaves, Zhao De, a local scholar in Chaozhou, was appointed to establish the state school, teach the scholars and spread the orthodox Confucian culture, and finally "lost the coastal area" and "won the country and the country".
Han Yu said in "Chaozhou History Xie Biao" that after taking office here, everything "does nothing, sits and does nothing". As a demoted official, being demoted to Chaozhou is the biggest punishment. What else can you ask for a "political position"! However, due to the spiritual belief of "practicing one's own actions" advocated by Confucianism and actively participating in the world, he naturally and conscientiously did these Confucian morals and responsibilities. Just as Huangfu Shi, a disciple of the Han family, said in the "Han Wengong Shinto Stele": The official was relegated to the chief registrar of the state and county, and he was too lazy to interfere with the daily affairs of the state and county. However, when my husband came to Chaozhou, he seemed to be promoted based on his political performance and qualifications, and he worked hard and did not dare to slack off. What Han Wen Gong did in Chaozhou, as well as the Chaozhou people's memory and gratitude for his "sadness in making artemisia and eating and drinking" (Su Shi's "Han Wen Gong Temple Monument in Chaozhou"), naturally affected the subsequent life and death. Zhe was demoted as an official. They "whoever raises scholars and governs the people must take the public (Han Wen Gong) as their teacher" (ibid.), and they brought a steady stream of mellow Central Plains culture to this corner of the world. In the Song Dynasty alone, six prime ministers came to Chaoshan, including Chen Yaozuo, Zhao Ding, Wu Qian, Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu, and Zhang Shijie. Together with the four from the Tang Dynasty, it was known as the "Ten Prime Ministers Leaving Voices" in history. In the past, Chaozhou had ten prime ministers. Voice Studio.
Among this group of demoted officials and expelled ministers, Chen Yaozuo, Lu Xiufu and Ding Yunyuan were "participated in the Han Temple" because of their contribution to the tide. It can be seen that Chaozhou people really repay their kindness to officials who actually serve the people. This is one of the reasons why Chaoshan has so many temples.
In 999, the second year of Xianping reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, Chen Yaozuo was demoted from Kaifeng Prefecture to Chaozhou Tongpan. He stayed in Chaozhou for less than two years, but he built Confucian temples, built Han ancestral halls, and killed crocodiles. Follow the example of Han Wen Gong. Later, when he became prime minister, he "never forgot the tide for a day" and wrote two famous "Chao poems". One is: "Chaoyang's mountains and rivers are amazing in the southeast, and Guo Minxi is in Yuyan City. At that time, he was writing the Xuan Sheng Monument, and now the custom is Zou Lu for". ("Farewell to the Master of Li Zi in Chaoyang") Another poem is: "I have lived in Tianhuang in the city of Hugh, and I have obtained a fairy branch to shine in my hometown. From then on, people are everywhere, and Zou Lu on the seaside is Chaoyang." ("Send Off People to Return to Chaoyang") It can be seen from the poem that Chaozhou was quite prosperous in the Song Dynasty and had a strong cultural atmosphere. It could be called "Zou Lu on the Seaside".
Nearly two hundred years after Chen Yaozuo left Chaozhou, another Changzhou Ding Yunyuan, who was demoted from Taichang Temple Shaoqing to Chaozhou magistrate, came to Chaozhou and took office. He built a school field, moved a Han ancestral temple, and built a temple near the Xiangzi Bridge in the center of the river. Five more stone bridge piers were built here, which were called "Ding Gong Bridge" by later generations, so they could also be "consecrated to the Han Temple".
Legend has it that Ding Yunyuan, who was demoted to Chaozhou, had a good relationship with Chen Tan, the fourteenth-generation grandson of "Zhongshun Chen" Chen Yong and a native of Jinjiang, Fujian Province, who was the magistrate of Haiyang County, Chaozhou at that time. Chen Tan usually studied "Kanyu" They are quite knowledgeable, and the two often use their spare time to look for "feng shui" resorts together. Chen Tan has always believed that Chaozhou's "feng shui" is good, and he intends to move his family from Fujian to settle there. He has also selected a "feng shui" land called "Feng Nang (locally known as Feng Gui)" in Xiantian, Chaozhou. At that time, Ding Yunyuan's family still stayed in Changzhou, the front line of the Song and Jin Dynasties, and also intended to move to Chaozhou. So he frankly said to Chen Zhixian: "Your family is in Fujian, and there is no war disaster yet; my family in Changzhou is in danger of war every day. You are good at geography, and it is not difficult to get along with the land. Can you give up this beautiful land first?" Give it to me?" Chen Tan hesitated. Fortunately, not long after that, Chen Tan found a piece of foundation in Qiuxi Guantang on the coast that could be exposed and expanded year by year, and then gave the fairyland to the Ding family. Ding Yunyuan then moved his family members to settle in Xiantian. After Chen Tan completed his term of office, he brought his family members from Fujian to Guantang to live there.
To commemorate this incident, Chen Tan specially sent a family of grandchildren to live with the Ding family in Xiantian, and made an agreement with Ding Yunyuan that the Ding family would not bully the remaining Chen family in the future. The descendants of the Ding family followed their ancestors' instructions and treated the Chen family well.
Although the Chen family has only had a small number of households for more than 800 years, it has never been extinct. Today, it has formed Chencuo Lane and lives in harmony with the descendants of Ding Yunyuan who have reproduced tens of thousands of people.
Lu Xiufu, one of the "Three Lone Loyalty" in the Southern Song Dynasty, was originally from Yancheng, Chuzhou, Jiangsu Province. Due to disagreements with Prime Minister Chen Yizhong in the court, he was demoted to Chaozhou and placed as Piwangsi. He had no choice but to drag his family with him and rushed all the way to Chaozhou Piwang Port (today's Chenghai City). He was warmly received by Cai Guifu, the seventeenth generation grandson of Cai Xiang, the magistrate of Chaozhou and the great calligrapher of the Song Dynasty, who had settled here. Not only did he free up his house for Lu Xiufu's family to live in, but he also slept with him, lived together, drank tea and discussed Taoism with him. Sometimes he even accompanied him on his expeditions, and left behind " "Tanli", "Fengming Qigang" and other cliff carvings.
The beautiful scenery of Chaoshan and the sincere feelings of his friends gradually made Lu Xiufu regain his calm. He even came up with the idea of ??calling Chaozhou his "home state". He narrated this experience in an aspirational poem: "I resigned from my post and traveled to distant mountains with my family, wandering and looking forward to settling in peace, the green mountains and beautiful waters made me have a special wish, and the mulberry, chicken, and dog made us a nation."
But Lu Xiufu himself did not have such a "blessing". Two years later, the turbulent Southern Song Dynasty court recalled him and named him Prime Minister Zuo. Lu Xiufu then left his eldest son Lu Yao, who had been driven to the island for hunting and fishing, and his other two sons to stay in Chaoshan. Two years later, the Song army was defeated at Xinhui Yashan. Lu Xiufu boarded the royal boat, held his sword and led his wife and children into the sea, and carried the young emperor on his back to die at sea. As a result, Lu Xiufu's descendants multiplied in Chaoshan, and the place where they lived was later called "Lucuowei", a name that continues to this day. Starting from "Lucuowei", the descendants of the Lu family gradually spread to various places in Chaoshan.
Ouyang Xiu, a scholar and great writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his "New History of the Five Dynasties": "Famous officials in the Tang Dynasty who were banished to the south often had descendants, or officials who were in trouble at that time and could not return, they were all off the outside." . He probably would not have thought that his cousin Peng Yannian, who came to Chaozhou from Luling, Jiangxi because he did not agree with Wang Anshi's Qingmiao Law, was planning to live in seclusion in Chaozhou! When Peng Yannian was demoted to Chaozhou, it was the time of the mountain bandits' rebellion. He led the Chaozhou army and people to defeat the siege of Chaozhou by the mountain bandits in four battles and four victories. After that, he was promoted to the chief minister of Dali Temple. On the day Peng Yannian took office, the trendy people, old and young, burst into tears and made him unable to leave for days, so he had to leave his family behind to take office. Later, because he was tired of the strife in the officialdom, he resigned from the emperor and lived in seclusion in Houyang Village in Meiyun, Jieyang.
Houyang Village is located on Pukou surrounded by Meixi River, facing the duck-shaped Fuqiu Mountain in front of it. With the gold and silk gifted by the emperor, Peng Gong built four watchtowers here, built Bilian Pavilion, and created Peng Garden with medicine garden, east hall pavilion, left pines and right bamboos, and negative hills and faces. It is said that in order to build this garden, he specially invited famous craftsmen from his hometown of Luling, Jiangxi Province to be responsible for the construction (just as the masters of Chaoshan were often invited abroad in modern times, this was the earliest example of mainland architectural culture becoming popular in Chaoshan). After the garden was built, there was a special envoy named Deng from the imperial court. After visiting Peng Garden, he said: "Luoyang Fuyuan, Dongyuan, and Duyuan all lack the characteristics of Pengyuan."
Peng Pingping visited Pengyuan on the same day. When I went up to the four watchtowers, I saw thousands of hectares of rice fields and several farmhouses at my feet. It was an idyllic scenery. I then composed five poems called "Pukou Village is Hao Hao", the fourth of which said: "Pukou Village is a good place to live, and wages can be easily paid. Su Fei has real water. Treasure, the minnows are smooth and the mud is fine. If you are sleepy in the afternoon, you can eat shrimps. If you wake up in the morning, you can eat clams. You can live without a single expense all year round. "Peng Gong's plain sentence revealed that Chaozhou is sparsely populated and can be lived without a single expense all year round. "The emphasis on life, even by high-ranking officials, is self-evident for the people of Qimin and Jiangxi, who have a narrow and densely populated land and "have no land to farm despite their desire", especially those who have lived in Fujian for hundreds of years. The large-scale migration of "Heluo people" has begun, and thus the scene of the great ethnic migration mentioned at the beginning appeared.
It can be seen that with the immigration of "He Lao" and "Fu Lao" and the enlightenment of banished officials, the Central Plains culture gradually became the dominant culture of Chaoshan, and eventually made Chaoshan "traditional and traditional Clothes and customs gradually changed due to influence, old habits gradually changed, and the common people came to Zhongzhou" (Volume 92 of "Guangdong Tongzhi" during the Daoguang period), becoming a veritable "Seaside Zou Lu".