Lu Xun said: "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, like other books of the same kind at that time, is nothing more than a sneaky story. But they describe grievances in an orderly way, using legendary methods and taking such a strange and changeable shape as it is now "(A Brief History of Chinese Novels). This paper clearly points out the characteristics of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, which are grotesque and legendary. "Using legendary methods, but focusing on strangeness" cannot be simply understood as "using legendary brushwork to express strange themes". In fact, Pu Songling inherited and surpassed the tradition and legendary brushwork of strange people.
1. Inheritance and development of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio
The writing purpose of the Six Dynasties is to "invent Shinto without being false". The content is absurd, the plot is simple and monotonous, and the art is rough and plain. Strange themes such as flowers, demons and foxes are also written in Liaozhai, but in order to reflect the social reality and express one's inner loneliness and anger in a tortuous way, its content is more profound and extensive than previous stories and legends.
2. Liaozhai inherits and surpasses the legendary brushwork.
Illustrations of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio (17)
The more ... the more. ......
Legendary brushwork:
Lu Xun believes that the legends of the Tang Dynasty are "tactfully narrated and flowery in language. Compared with those who outlined the outline of the Six Dynasties, they have a clear evolution track, and those that are particularly prominent begin to become novels at an appropriate time." ("A Brief History of Chinese Novels") It can be seen that compared with the Six Dynasties, the development of Tang legends is beyond, especially in art, from the plot structure, from the "thick lines" of the Six Dynasties to rich and tortuous stories; In terms of language, it has developed from simple and rude to gorgeous language and vivid image. In the way of expression, from the monotonous and plain narrative of the Six Dynasties to the euphemistic narrative of "all illusions".
The transcendence of Liao Zhai over the legendary brushwork;
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio not only inherits the tortuous plot, euphemistic narration and gorgeous rhetoric of the Tang Dynasty, but also surpasses it in the following aspects: First, it pays attention to image-building from the story body to the characters; Second, make good use of environment, psychology and other methods to write people; Third, it has obvious poetic tendency.
The plot is bizarre and full of changes.
Every narrative in the serial. Try to avoid straightforward narration, try to have ups and downs, changes, climaxes and aftertaste, step by step, and endless changes; Try to avoid prosaic story, and try to be fantastic, dreamy, strange and bizarre. Flexion is the complexity of the plot, strangeness is the illusion of the plot, flexion is natural, strangeness is not divorced from the truth, and this is the artistic power of Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio.
Various techniques for shaping image
1, endowing the fox with charming images of "naturalness of things" and "sociality of people".
Ghosts and foxes in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, on the one hand, have been endowed with human sociality, on the other hand, they have maintained some naturalness. Fox-shaped foxes are ghostly and look very interesting. Such as the ruggedness of tiger's fine seedlings (Miao Sheng), the fragrance of peony's fine ge towel (Jin Ge), the good reading of octopus's fine autumn (Su Qiu), the good accumulation of mouse's fine millet (Tao Xian), and the slim waist of green girl (green girl). This not only highlights the personality characteristics of the characters, but also gives readers a distinct sense of image.
2. Write people through main features and vivid details.
In shaping the characters in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, both form and spirit can be achieved through the voices, smiles and inner activities of the characters, as well as through biological and accurate details. For example, when writing about Ying Ning, the writer grasped her two characteristics of loving laughter and flowers, and repeatedly rendered them, so her innocent character was highlighted. When Wang Zifu first met her, she "picked a plum blossom with a beautiful face and a charming smile". After that, she appeared in all kinds of laughter: or "smiling at the flowers", or "sneering", or "laughing uncontrollably while covering her mouth", or laughing, laughing, laughing, laughing, laughing. Every smile is accompanied by the behaviors of picking flowers, holding flowers, climbing flowers and planting flowers. These two characteristics of Ying Ning are written by the writer in order to highlight her contempt for secular ethics, courage to act according to her own will and feelings, love life, love beautiful things and hate ugly behaviors. Flowers are the beauty of nature, and laughter is the beauty of the world. She loves them both, and the writer places his ideal on her. In addition, Xiaocui's naughty (Xiaocui), naughty (Xiao Xie), the solemnity of Qingfeng (Qingfeng), Sun's infatuation (Po), true splash (Liancheng), Yang's cowardice (Ma) and Jia's wit (Jia 'er) are all vivid. [3]3. Make good use of environmental descriptions to set off characters.
For example, in Ying Ning, the beautiful natural environment is used to set off people everywhere: the flowers outside the village are mixed.
Illustration of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Ying Ning.
The shadow of the door arrow, the "peach, apricot and bamboo pruning" in the wall, the red flowers in front of the door, the numerous leaves of begonia under the window and the bean shed and melon rack in the court make the characters and the environment very harmonious and complement each other. Ying Ning was born by the fox spirit and was raised by his mother. She was far away from the world since she was a child and was not polluted by the world. The writer uses a series of fresh and elegant environments to contrast the lives of the characters, which is symbolic and entrusted.
Third, the language of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is simple and elegant in classical Chinese, without losing the vivid image of the novel language. For example, Feng Xiangru saw Redjade peeping on the wall: "Look, beauty. Intimacy, smile. Raise your hand, don't come or leave. If you want it, it is a ladder. " In such a short language, it describes the appearance, psychology and movements of the characters, showing the charming attitude of the girl in the early stage of love and Feng Xiangru's persistence and passionate love. The essential connotation of language is rich, which not only casts the essence of ancient Chinese, but also absorbs the essence of folk literature, popular spoken language and even dialects. Another example is "Listening to the Mirror", in which it is written that after the Zheng brothers went to the exam, the eldest sister-in-law cooked in the kitchen on a hot day. "Suddenly there was a newspaper ride Cu door, coming towards Zheng Jiezhi. Mother went into the kitchen and scolded the older woman for one day:' If the older man wants to bake, you should calm down', and the two women became angry. Cooking in tears. Russia reported another Zheng Jie. The second woman threw a cake stick. Say:' Agriculture is also cold. "Here,' can cool off the heat' and' Nong can cool off the heat' are both colloquial words. Used here, it highlights the characters of Zheng's mother and second wife, which is very vivid. The personalized features of the characters' language in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio are also very prominent. For example, in Pianpian, Pianpian teased two young women with Miss Huacheng: "One day, a young woman smiled and her eyes were:' Pianpian boy, I am so happy! Xue Jiazi had a good dream. When did she finish it? The woman smiled and greeted:' Flower City Lady, you have been involved for a long time. The southwest wind is tight today, blow! "Have you ever hugged that little brother?" Said, "Another maid." Female laughter day:' Mrs. Hua's tile kiln! Nafo will come? He said, "Wu Fang was screaming, but he was asleep. "Here, old sayings and slang are cast into vivid dialogues, which vividly show the voices and smiles of the characters. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio has reached the level of perfection in language application, which makes classical Chinese vocabulary full of vitality and vividly shows real life.
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