Sulfur (English: sulfur), also known as sulfur, belongs to the oxygen group element and is located in the VIA group in the third period of the periodic table of elements. Its chemical symbol is S, its atomic number is 16 and its atomic weight is 32.06. There are many allotropes in elemental sulfur, such as rhombohedral sulfur and monoclinic sulfur. At normal temperature and pressure, sulfur is a light yellow crystal. At standard atmospheric pressure, the melting point of orthogonal sulfur is 1 12.8℃, the melting point of monoclinic sulfur is 1 19℃, and the boiling point of sulfur is 445℃. Elemental sulfur is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulfide.
application area
1, application in medical field
Sulfur also plays an important role in drug molecules. Sulfur is the fifth common element in drug molecules, second only to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Studies on the activity of sulfur-containing compounds have proved their anti-inflammatory properties, and they are used to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and HIV. In addition, known active drugs containing sulfur elements include dapsone, quetiapine, penicillin, probucol, nelfinavir, etc. Moreover, sulfur and its compounds can also be used to prepare drugs.
2. Application in chemical industry
Sulfur and its compounds are widely used, which can be used to make sulfur dyes, rubber vulcanizing agents, bleaching agents and heavy metal ion precipitants. For example, sulfur dioxide and sulfurous acid can be used as bleaching agents for paper and straw products, sodium sulfide is commonly used as heavy metal ion precipitant in chemical industry, polysulfide is commonly used as reagent in analytical chemistry, disodium disulfide can be used as depilatory for hides in leather industry, sulfonyl chloride is commonly used as chlorinating agent and chlorosulfonating agent in factories, and pyrosulfuric acid is a good sulfonating agent.
3. Agricultural application
Sulfur and its sulfides can be used as pesticides in agriculture, such as stone sulfur mixture used as pesticides in agriculture, and its main component is calcium polysulfide. In addition, sulfur-containing organophosphorus pesticides are also very common, such as diazinon, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, malathion, fenitrothion, ethyl parathion, fenthion and so on.
4. Application in the field of architecture
When preparing concrete, sulfur concrete containing 20% to 40% sulfur sets quickly, is dense to hard, has a smooth surface, is impervious to water, acid, alkali and common solvents, and is very suitable for prefabrication, carving and decoration of building components. Sulfur can also be added to asphalt, which can greatly improve the performance. Sulfur asphalt has high strength and excellent durability, and is very durable when used for paving roads.
5. Application in electronic field
Sulfur and its compounds can also be used in electronic equipment. For example, transition metal disulfide compounds (TMDS) are typical two-dimensional nanomaterials, which are suitable for semiconductor devices. 303 1 For example, a lithium-sulfur battery is a lithium battery with elemental sulfur as the positive electrode and metallic lithium as the negative electrode. Lithium-sulfur battery is a potential high-energy battery, which has the characteristics of low cost, environmental protection and high specific energy, but it has some shortcomings in practical application, such as short life.