[B]1. Seventeen years, Xiangbang Chunpinghou, Bangyouqie engineer, metallurgy newspaper Zhai, big worker Yin Hanzhuan. 2
2. In the seventeenth year, Xiangbang Chunping Hou, Bangzuo Cutting Machine Division Commander Feng, Yejianzhai attacked Yin Hanzhuan. 3 [/B]
Mr. Huang Shengzhang, Mr. Gao Ming, Mr. Li Xueqin, etc. have all pointed out that the calendar year of Hou Bei in Chunping, a prime minister in the 17th year, is the 17th year of Zhao Xiaocheng's reign. This is correct, and it is also the fixed point discussed below in this paper.
The other years are generally very low in the second category, and there are six items in five categories: "Wang Lishi", two, three, four and five years * * * *:
[B]3. Wang Lishi, Xiangbang Chunpinghou, Bangzuoku engineer Xiao Fei, Ye Yin Bao Zhai. 5 [/B]
[B]4. Two years, Xiangbang Chunpinghou, Bangzuo library engineer Xiao barren, opened a newspaper for metallurgical history. 6 [/B]
[B]5. Three years, Xiangbang Chunpinghou, Bangzuo Library engineer Xiao barren, and the history of metallurgy was fully reported. 7 [/B]
[B]6. Four years, Xiangbang Chunpinghou, Bangzuo Kugong teacher, Ye Yin □ reported Qi. 8 [/B]
[B]7. Four years, Xiangbang Chunpinghou, Bangzuo Kugong teacher, smelting pottery? ぜ! ? 9 [/B]
[B]8. Five years, Xiangbang Chunpinghou, [Bangzuo (or right)] cutter □□□, smelting□ reported fasting. 1[/B]
There are three different opinions on the Wang Shi's attribution of Hou Bei, the prime minister of Chunping in this low age: 1. Mr. Gao Ming thinks it belongs to the early stage of filial piety; 2. Most of Mr. Huang Shengzhang, Mr. Xu Jinxiong and Mr. Li Xueqin thought it belonged to the era of mourning for the king; 3. Mr. Ayla Zhang thinks it belongs to Zhao Wangqian. Since the prime minister Chunping Hou Bei will not be late to replace Wang Jiashi in the low age, the above three opinions can be said to have covered all the possibilities, and one of them must be correct.
I think Mr. Ayla Zhang's view is correct. However, Mr. Ayla Zhang did not elaborate enough on this, and there were many mistakes in the understanding of literature and inscriptions in his articles, so his view failed to attract enough attention from researchers. Let's discuss this problem again first.
by combing the relevant research history, I think that whether there is more than one xiangbang or shouxiang (false phase) at the same time is a principled issue to discuss the time when Zhao was xiangbang in the late Warring States period. For example, Mr. Huang Shengzhang said:
[face= italics _GB2312] According to Zhao Shijia, Lian Po was the prime minister in the 15th and 18th years when Xiao Cheng became king, but according to the Biography of Lian Po, Lian Po was actually a fake prime minister, and there was more than one prime minister in the Warring States, so Qin had left and right prime ministers. However, it was too late for Qin to set up a prime minister, but it followed the Sanjin system. "Zhao Shijia" also recorded that filial piety became the king, "In seventeen years, general Wu Xiangjun (Yue Cheng) attacked Yan under false pretences", "In eighteen years, Yan Lingjun led his division to help Wei attack Yan under Xiang Guoxin Pingjun (Lian Po)", and in fifteen years, Xiang Guo was Lian Po, which also proved that there were more than one Xiang Guo or false pretences. Lian Po and Yue Cheng are both generals. In recent years, they have been fighting against each other abroad, so it is impossible for China to have no vassal state in charge of politics. There is no contradiction between Hou Ping in Spring and Lian Po or Yue Cheng, the vassal state in charge of the army "(On the country and age of weapons in Sanjin and related issues, Historical Geography and Archaeology Series, 17-18, Qilu Bookstore, 1982). [/face]
From this, we can know that Mr. Huang thinks that Hou Pingchun and Lian Po, the guardians, merged at the same time. At present, most scholars who discuss this issue, such as Gao Ming and Xu Jinxiong, agree with Mr. Huang. In addition, Mr. Li Xueqin's understanding of the complicated situation in the later period of filial piety as a king recorded in documents and inscriptions on weapons is that "Zhao Xiang changed frequently at that time". I think this is the correct view.
My basic view on this issue is that there can only be one official, so there will not be two officials with exactly the same name in office at the same time. The inscription "Shou Xiang" is the abbreviation of "Shou Xiang Bang", and the literature calls it "False Xiang" and "False Xiang Guo". The relationship between "Xiangbang" and "Shouxiang" is the same as that between "Order" and "Shouling" and "Guarding" and "Faking", and the meanings of "Shouling" and "Fake" are similar, both of which mean that the incumbent is not a formal official (except really), but a temporary part-time agent. Therefore, "guarding the prime minister" is not an official or deputy of the prime minister, nor is it a division of the prime minister, but a full-fledged temporary agent of the prime minister. Therefore, there will be no situation in which the defending phase and the state are in power at the same time. As for the "left and right phase" of Qin mentioned by Mr. Huang, it was originally the provincial name of "left/right prime minister". According to recent research, the prime minister is a vassal of the prime minister, and the two cannot be equated. Therefore, we think that during the Warring States period, the countries can temporarily have no state or guard the state (for example, after ten years of the reign of the king of Qin), but there will never be two states at the same time, or there will be one state, one guard, or two guards at the same time. Our following discussions will follow this principle.
[center][B] II [/B][/center]
According to the results of literature records and inscriptions research, the successive xiangbang situations of Zhao Xiaocheng from 15 to 18 years are as follows:
Fifteen years, guarding Lian Po 15;
for sixteen years, I kept believing in Pingjun Lian Po for sixteen years, and
for seventeen years, I kept observing Wuxiang Juncheng; 17 Xiangbang Chunping Hou
In eighteen years, Xiangbang Pingguojun 18 and Xiangbang Xinpingjun Lian Po 19
In fifteen years, Lian Po became the caretaker, probably because Zhao Xiangbang Ping Yuanjun died that year and couldn't find a suitable candidate at the moment, so Lian Po was invited to act as a part-time agent. In the 16th year, Lian Po encircled Yan, which may be that year, so it was replaced by Lecheng as a part-time agent. In the 2th and 17th years, Lecheng went to encircle Yan again, and Hou Chunping and Ping Guojun successively served as prime ministers in that year and the next year. In the 18th year, "Xiang Guoxin Pingjun helped Wei attack Yan", which meant that Ping Guojun had already gone to the prime minister in that year, so he changed his faith to Ping Guojun Lian Po as prime minister. Because Lian Po had been a "guard" in fifteen or sixteen years, this time Lian Po was not a guard, but a full-time one. 21
In the fifteenth year of Zhao Xiaocheng's reign, Yan took advantage of the defeat of Zhao Changping's battle, and dispatch troops attacked Zhao, and Zhao counterattacked. The war lasted for nineteen years and ended with Zhao's victory. In just four or five years, Zhao frequently replaced four Xiang Bangfan six times. At first, Lian Po, the defender, and Yue Cheng, the defender, stepped down one after another. As mentioned above, they were both temporary agents, and they took turns to fight around Yan and were away for a long time. As Beryllium Ming saw, Chunping Hou and Pingguojun were both prime ministers, so why did they reign for a short time?
in my opinion, this situation needs to be linked with the fact that the Hou Ping of Chun and the monarch of He Ping were in Qin Wei at the same time as recorded in Zhao Ce Si:
[face= italics _GB2312] Qin Zhaochun Ping Hou stayed. Shi Jun called it Wen Xin Hou, saying, "The prince of Zhao loves the person who waits in the spring, but the doctor is jealous of him, so he said to him,' When the person waits in the spring, Qin will stay.' Therefore, I sought to enter the Qin Dynasty. Today, you leave it, which is empty and unique to Zhao, and it is also in the plan of the doctor. Therefore, you might as well send Chunping Hou and leave Pingdu Hou. When the marquis of Chunping said that he would meet the prince of Zhao, he would cut Chair Zhao off and redeem the marquis of Chunping. Wen Xin Hou said, "Good." Send it away because of accepting it. [/face]
The word "Ping Guojun" that Ping Duhou saw immediately by Bei Ming is similar to the word "Xin Ping Jun" and "Jian Xin Jun" in the literature, and Bei Ming wrote "Gong".
Zhao Shijia recorded the return of Chun Pingjun to Zhao in the second year of Zhao Duixiang's reign (that is, the fourth year of Qin Wang's reign), and the words are basically the same as those in Zhao Ce Si. It's no coincidence that Hou Chunping and Ping Guojun were the prime ministers of Zhao during the 17th and 18th years of Zhao Xiaocheng's reign, and later they were both quality-oriented.
in my opinion, they have been superior to Qin successively, which is the reason why they went to photograph successively. The last article "Ce" in "Zhao Shijia" was written in the second year of Zhao Duixiang's reign, which was the time when Hou Ping returned to Zhao, not the time when it was pledged. Connecting with the situation of King Zhao Xiaocheng in eighteen years, we can explain this pledge event from two aspects: the reasons for the pledge and the identity of He Chunping Hou.
First of all, Hou Pingchun and Ping Guojun successively went to the Xiang Dynasty and became masters of Qin, which is related to the fact that Zhao Shijia recorded that in the eighteenth year of Xiao Chengwang, "Qin pulled me to Yuci for thirty-seven cities".
in the eighteenth year of Zhao Xiaocheng's reign, he was the assistant king of Qin Zhuang for two years (the first 248 years). In this year, Meng Ao, the commander of Qin Dynasty, attacked Zhao Yuci, Xincheng and Langmeng, and took thirty-seven cities to decide Taiyuan County. In addition to Zhao Shijia's records, it can also be found in Chronology of Six Kingdoms, Biography of Meng Tian, Yan Shijia, Qin Benji and Qin Ji attached to Qin Shihuang's Biography. After the battle of Changping in the forty-eighth year of King Qin Zhao, he once "made Sima Geng set Taiyuan in the north (quote: it was originally from Zhao), and all of them joined the Party in Korea" (Qin Benji). However, in the fifty-first year of King Zhao, Zhao made "Yue Cheng and Qing She attack Liang Jun and break it" (Zhao Shijia), so Taiyuan County set by Qin was restored by Zhao. This time, Qin took advantage of the opportunity of the war between Zhao and Yan to redefine Taiyuan County, so Zhao naturally had no time to take care of it. I think at that time, in order to prevent Qin from attacking and destroying Zhao, there was a matter of peace. This matter is not recorded in the literature, but according to the seventeen-year Chunping Hou Bei and eighteen-year Pingguojun Bei, the peace-seeking actions all took place in eighteen years. Chunping Hou and Pingguojun were called into Qin successively, either unilaterally taken hostage by Qin, or the two countries exchanged hostages to keep their promises.
Hou Chunping was taken hostage because he was the Prince of Zhao.
biographies of Qin Shihuang "(the reign of the king of Qin) lasted for four years, but it was devious. In March, the army went on strike. Qin Proton returned to Zhao and Prince Zhao returned to China. " In the same year of Chronology of Six Kingdoms, Zhao Lie said, "The prince belongs to the Qin Dynasty". Therefore, in Collection of Notes on Zhao Family, Xu Guangyue quoted the Chronology in mourning for the return of Chunpingjun to Zhao in the second year of King Xiang, which already implied that Chunpingjun was the prince who belonged to the Qin Dynasty, and Zhang Shoujie's Justice concluded that "the prince was Chunpingjun". However, scholars have different opinions on this in the past.
among the scholars who don't recognize the explanations of Zhao Shijia's Collection and Justice, some scholars think that Hou Chunping is not a prince. For example, Ji-de Nakai was quoted in the Textual Research of Records of the Historian, which was written by Longchuan Ziyan. "According to the words of' great love',' jealousy' and' faithfulness in words and deeds', Chunping's monarch must be a close minister of the king, not a prince. According to his misunderstanding of the inscription of Gede Beryllium, the prime minister of Chunping in the past four years, Mr. Huang Shengzhang thinks that Hou Chunping is a "Ge" family, so he is not a royal family of Zhao, and naturally he is not a prince of Zhao. 23 Another scholar's statement is different. For example, Jin Zhengwei quoted Biography of Women as saying that Chun Pingjun was not a "mourning prince Xiang", and Mr. Li Xueqin quoted Jin Zhengwei as saying that "from the beryllium inscription, it can be further proved that Hou Chunping was not a mourning prince Xiang, but a minister." We think both of these statements are untenable.
The titles of knighthood in the Warring States period, as seen in ancient Chinese materials, are of the second-class system of "Jun" and "Hou", and "Hou" is higher than "Jun", 25 and the two cannot be mixed. Judging from the Beryllium Inscription, the title of Hou Chunping was already "Hou" before he was pledged to Qin, but there is no record of Hou Chunping's deeds before in the literature. Zhao Bei's inscription called "Hou" sealed the monarch. At present, there is only one Chunping Hou, which has already shown that Chunping Hou's identity is unusual. Judging from the proton system in the pre-Qin era, most people who can be protons are princes or sons of the monarch, and it is rare to take ministers as the quality. From the above-mentioned documents, it can be inferred that not only Chunping Hou must be a prince, but even Lian Guojun is at least a member of the Zhao royal family, otherwise they are not qualified to be hostages.
As for the fact that Hou Chunping was not mourning for Prince Xiang, this is correct. Because the son of mourning King Xiang was still young when Xiao became king for 17 years, it was impossible to be a prime minister. However, it cannot be considered that Hou Chunping is not a prince. Hou Chunping is actually the prince of King Zhao Xiaocheng. According to the literature and inscriptions, Zhao Xiaocheng Wang has at least three sons. Zhao Shijia records that Zhao Xiaocheng was king for ten years and the prince died. After the death of this prince, the prince who succeeded him should be Chunping Hou. In seventeen years, Chunping Hou served as Xiangbang for 29 years, and in eighteen years, he entered Qin as a hostage. In twenty-one years, when King Zhao Xiaocheng died, the previously designated Crown Prince Chunping Hou was still a hostage in Qin and could not be made king, so Zi Yan was made king, that is, Zhao Mouxiang. Therefore, Hou Ping and Wang Xiang should be brothers.
To sum up, Hou Chunping and Jun Pingguo were successively pledged to the Qin Dynasty, which is the reason why Bei Ming saw that Hou Chunping and Jun Pingguo successively became the prime ministers of Zhao and left.
[center][B] III [/B][/center]
Let's discuss the relationship between Chun Pinghou and Zhao Duixiang and Zhao Wangqian.
Hou Pingchun was not a prime minister when Zhao Mouxiang was king. According to Mr. Wu Zhenwu's textual research on beryllium inscriptions and literature records in recent years, Jianxinjun is Zhao Duixiang and Wang Xiangbang. At present, there are eight credible Jian Xin Jun Beryllium Inscriptions, with four kinds of chronologies: Yuan, San, Si and Ba. If the low-chronological Xiangbang Chunping Hou Beryllium is also discharged into mourning for Wang Shi, the chronologies of Jian Xin Jun Beryllium and Chunping Hou Beryllium will overlap at least in three or four years. According to the principle we set earlier, the coincidence can only be explained by one of the two. According to the literature, in the past two years, Zhao took Pang Xian as the general to fight abroad, but the local area was relatively stable, so there was no reason to change the prime minister frequently. Therefore, it is very unlikely that Hou Chunping is Zhao Mouxiang and Wang Xiangbang.
Mourning Xiang Wang died in the nine-year reign, and Zi Youmiao Wang moved. Liu Xiang's Biography of Lienv records that when Zhao Wang moved, he reached Chunping Hou:
[face= italics _GB2312] and mourned for Wang Xiang, who moved to Li, in order to live in seclusion. After advocating immorality, it reached Chunping Jun, and was paid more by Qin, which made Wang Zhu, his good man, Wu Anjun and Li Mu. Later, the Qin army entered, but it was impossible to get away. When they moved, they saw that they were captured by Qin and Zhao died. [/face]
This incident is somewhat similar to that in the late Warring States period, when Lv Buwei, the Qin Xiangbang, communicated with King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, and Chu Chunshen was with King Kao Lie of Chu. As Mr. Huang Shengzhang said: "Liu Xiangling's secretary sees more ancient books, and this article has some similarities and differences than Historical Records and Warring States Policy, which should be based on another basis." This record shows that Hou Chunping was very powerful when the Prince of Zhao moved to the world. At this time, he should be a prime minister. It is also easy to understand that when the King of Zhao moved to the world, Hou Chunping served as an elder of the royal family to assist his nephew. Therefore, Hou Bei, the prime minister of Chunping in the low age, must be discharged into the era of Zhao Wangqian after mourning for Xiang Wang.
This time, Hou Pingping was appointed as Xiangbang from Zhao Wang's move to the throne until five years. Before and after that, Xiangbang of Zhao was a common horse.
according to the chapter "Wen Xin Hou ran away" in Qin ce Wu, "Wen Xin Hou ran away, and Zhao thought he was in harmony with Zhao, who was a common horse." (Later, "Qin Xiajia attacked Zhao. Si Kongma said that Zhao Wang Yue ... "and" Zhao thought that he was guarding the phase "were separated for many years, see below). Lv Buwei's exemption from going to Henan was in October of the tenth year of Qin Dynasty (the beginning of Qin Dynasty, when it was 237 BC), which was equivalent to the end of the eighth year of Zhao Mouxiang's reign. Si Kongma entered Zhao Wei as" guarding the phase "and should have reached the ninth year of Zhao Mouxiang's reign. At present, the highest age of beryllium discovered by Xiangbang Jianxin Jun is eight years. Jianxin Jun should go to the phase in Zhao Mouxiang for nine years, and the reason why he went to the phase can be found in Zhao.