First, professional analysis
In the 20 12 edition of the Catalogue of Undergraduate Majors in Colleges and Universities by the Ministry of Education, China's language and literature includes seven majors: Chinese language and literature, Chinese language, Chinese international education (formerly a major in teaching Chinese as a foreign language), China's minority languages and literature, classical philology, applied linguistics (T) and secretarial science (T). (t is an ad hoc major)
1. China language and literature
Chinese language and literature is our general understanding of Chinese. We have studied Chinese since childhood, but the Chinese language and literature major in the university needs to learn more in-depth content. Simply put, it includes two fields: language and literature. Students in this major should not only master various schools, theories, writers and works of Chinese and foreign literature, but also extensively dabble in language, philosophy, history, politics, society and other aspects, and master solid and rich professional knowledge of China's language and literature. After graduation, I can engage in the research, teaching and related work of China language and literature.
Main courses: introduction to literature, introduction to linguistics, modern Chinese, ancient Chinese, history of ancient Chinese literature, history of modern literature in China, history of contemporary literature in China, history of foreign literature, comparative literature, etc.
2. Chinese
Chinese mainly studies the essence, characteristics, structure, function, origin and development law of language. On the one hand, it explores and summarizes the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, on the other hand, it can also open the way for the future development of Chinese. Due to the development of teaching Chinese as a foreign language and Chinese information processing, especially the application of language research results in the field of information processing technology, Chinese major has developed rapidly in recent years. Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of Chinese, linguistics and China literature. They are trained in theoretical thinking and professional skills, and master the basic abilities of investigation and language teaching.
Main courses: intensive reading of linguistic masterpieces, introduction to linguistics, ancient Chinese, modern Chinese, history of ancient Chinese literature, history of modern and contemporary literature in China, introduction to literature, writing, history of China, philology, exegetics, phonology, general history of China, world history, China's philosophy, foundation of computational linguistics, computer processing of natural language, etc.
3. Chinese International Education (Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language)
The original professional name of Chinese international education is Master of Chinese as a Foreign Language. This major came into being after 1980s, and it specializes in training teachers who have a deep understanding of China's language and culture and are proficient in English, who can teach Chinese as a foreign language at home and abroad in the future, or practical professionals who are engaged in cultural exchanges with foreign countries. This major is a popular major in Chinese language and literature, with broad development space.
Main courses: English series courses, introduction to teaching Chinese as a foreign language, introduction to linguistics, modern Chinese, ancient Chinese, ancient literature in China, modern literature in China, contemporary literature in China, introduction to literature, introduction to China culture, foreign literature, comparative literature, history of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, etc.
4. Languages and Literature of China Minority Nationalities
The major of minority languages and literature in China mainly cultivates talents who have comprehensive and systematic knowledge of minority languages and literature and can engage in teaching research, editing and translation, journalism and literature.
5. Applied linguistics
Applied linguistics is a frontier discipline to study language and language teaching. /kloc-produced at the end of 0/9. Applied linguistics is based on linguistics, but it is not limited to the knowledge of language theory and language description. This discipline trains specialized talents with solid basic theories of linguistics and applied linguistics and a professional knowledge system, who can engage in scientific research in this major or related or similar disciplines. Students can engage in language teaching and research after graduation.
6. Classical philology
Classical philology takes the ancient documents preserved in ancient China as the research object, and cultivates philology professionals who have a comprehensive and systematic understanding of ancient book collation and classical philology in China and can engage in the practical work of ancient book collation and the teaching and research of classical literature.
Two. Occupation and employment
Diversification of employment scope
According to the data of Sunshine College Entrance Examination Information Platform, the number of graduates majoring in Chinese language and literature is 85-90 thousand, and the national employment rate in 2065,438+06 is 85%-90%. The majors applying for the master's degree include China ancient literature, China modern and contemporary literature, subject teaching (Chinese), Chinese language and literature, etc. The number of graduates majoring in Chinese language is 1500-2000, and the employment rate has fluctuated between 60% and 75% in recent two years. The majors applying for master's degree are linguistics and applied linguistics, Chinese philology, China language and literature, and Chinese international education. The number of graduates majoring in Chinese international education is 16,000-18,000, and the employment rate of 20 16 is between 85% and 90%. The majors applying for master's degree include Chinese international education, linguistics and applied linguistics, Chinese philology, China language and literature, etc. The number of graduates majoring in minority languages and literature in China is 3000-3500, and the employment rate is between 75% and 80%, 2065,438+06. The majors applying for the master's degree include China minority languages and literature, linguistics and applied linguistics, ethnology, China languages and literature, etc. The number of graduates majoring in applied linguistics is 50- 100; The number of graduates majoring in classical philology is 150-200, and the employment rate in 20 16 is between 90% and 95%. The majors applying for a master's degree are China Classical Philology and China History.
Chinese major graduates go to party and government organs at all levels, various enterprises and institutions, news media units, publishing units, advertising companies, teaching and scientific research institutions, etc. Professions include reporter, editor, teacher, secretary, copywriter, planner, propagandist, manager, etc. And their employment scope is diversified.
With the increasingly severe employment situation, there is a low correlation between the career choices of liberal arts graduates and their majors. After graduation, less than half of the students are engaged in occupations corresponding to their majors. Whether to pursue further studies or enter the job after graduating from Chinese major mainly depends on personal wishes.
If you have a strong interest in Chinese major, you hope to engage in this field and related teaching and research work in the future, for example, working as a Chinese teacher in junior and senior high schools; Or teach in the Chinese department and journalism department of the university. Then, you have to choose a master's degree or even a doctor's degree. For example, more than 90% of undergraduate graduates from the Department of Language and Literature of Peking University continue to study in our school or graduate students from famous universities such as Tsinghua, Fudan and Nanjing University. The employment rate of various majors in beijing language and culture university is as high as 96.54%, among which 5.4% students choose to go abroad for further study, 16% continue their postgraduate studies.
If you plan to find a job directly after graduation, you can consider taking some practical courses, such as applied writing, secretarial science, public relations and so on. And you can also take courses such as news, economics and law across majors to become a compound talent.
Third, the application guide
Enrollment institutions should pay more attention to cultivating characteristics.
Chinese is one of the most traditional majors. Peking University, China Renmin University, Beijing Normal University, Capital Normal University and other comprehensive and normal universities all have Chinese departments or liberal arts colleges. In recent years, many universities of science and engineering have also set up Chinese departments.
According to statistics, there are as many as 600 colleges and universities offering Chinese language and literature. Among these enrollment institutions, there are well-known universities, teachers colleges and language colleges. There are enrollment institutions in the first batch, the second batch and the third batch of undergraduate courses.
The major direction of undergraduate study in Chinese Department of different schools is different. For example, the major of Chinese language and literature in Capital Normal University has three directions: normal direction, non-normal direction and advanced foreign-related secretarial direction. The training emphasis of these three majors is different. Teachers' classes mainly train teachers, teaching researchers and other educators who have the basic theory, knowledge and skills of Chinese language and literature and can teach and study Chinese language and literature in middle schools. Non-normal majors mainly cultivate senior Chinese language and literature professionals with professional knowledge and written expression ability; The direction of senior foreign-related secretarial major is to cultivate senior secretarial talents, and the requirements of this major for foreign languages are higher than those of the other two majors. The major of Chinese Language and Literature (Financial Secretary) offered by Central University of Finance and Economics focuses on cultivating secretarial talents in the financial field.
Recruit students according to major categories and make clear the professional direction.
In addition to separate forms of professional enrollment, many colleges and universities use it? China language and literature? Large-scale enrollment Peking University, China Renmin University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Xiamen University, Shandong University, Huazhong Normal University, Central South University and Shaanxi Normal University. Did you follow the guidelines of previous years? China language and literature? Large-scale enrollment. Parents of candidates should take a look at the general professional direction when applying for the exam.
For example, China Renmin University's China Language and Literature (undergraduate) includes Chinese language and literature and Chinese language.
At present, the Chinese Department of Peking University (China Language and Literature) has four undergraduate majors: China Literature, China Linguistics, Classical Philology and Applied Linguistics (Chinese Information Processing). Among them, applied linguistics accepts both arts and sciences, and the other three majors only recruit liberal arts students. When recruiting students, we should recruit students according to China language and literature. Undergraduate teaching pays attention to the foundation, and basic courses in lower grades are offered in an all-round way Senior students are free to choose their major.
The Chinese Department of Tsinghua University enrolls students according to the humanities experimental class. After 1.5 years of enrollment, undergraduates can choose China language and literature, history or philosophy according to their interests. Tsinghua student Mo Yingchuan said? I love literature, history and philosophy, which makes me stand on the shoulders of many great men, and makes me gradually know individuals, society, the world, the universe and constantly explore truth and wisdom. ?
When choosing candidates, we must clearly understand the requirements of enrollment regulations and professional settings in colleges and universities according to our hobbies and needs.