Nine tones and six tones: nine tones (yin level, yang level, yin up, yang up, yin go, yang go, yin enter, middle enter, yang enter), six tones (yin level and yang in) The tone value of Yin-in is equal, the tone value of Yin-going and middle-in is equal, and the tone-value of Yang-going and Yang-in are equal. The main difference between the two corresponding tones with equal tone values ??is that the entering voice has a rhyme ending while the flat rising tone does not have a rhyme ending. , their inflections are the same but their frustrations are different).
The details of the first and ninth tones are as follows:
1. Yin level and Yin entering: a1, ä (umlaut)
2. Yin upper level: a2, ã ; (tilde)
3. Yin removal and middle entry: a3, â (circumflex)
4. Yangping: a4, a (plain)
5., Yang ascending: a5, á (acute)
6. Yang going away and Yang entering: a6, à (grave)
The details of the second and sixth tones are as follows:< /p>
Six calls are used to describe the Arabic numeral scale, with "1" having the lowest pitch and "6" having the highest pitch.
The first tune: "Jäw" (week), the modulation value is 66;
The second tune: "Hãw" (mouth), the modulation value is 35;
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Third key: "Dîm" (store), key value 44;
Fourth key: "Ho" (river), key value 11;
The fifth key: "Mów" (mother), key value 24;
The sixth key: "Dòw" (crossing), key value 22.
3. Examples:
Zhoukoudian, Hemudu
Jaw1 Haw2 Dim3, Ho4 Mow5 Dow6 (Cantonese)
Zhou1 Kou3 Dian4 , He2 Mu3 Du4 (Mandarin)
Extended information:
1. Cantonese retains a lot of ancient Chinese:
Standard Cantonese/Cantonese Cantonese retains a lot of ancient Chinese With ancient pronunciation, Cantonese retains many ancient words, ancient meanings, and elegant wording. Many words in Cantonese, including modal particles, can be directly derived from ancient Chinese classics. In northern Chinese dialects, these ancient words have been abandoned or rarely used. Cantonese retains grammatical items such as postpositioning and inversion of modifying elements.
Modern Cantonese still has a high tendency to use monosyllabic words that were dominant in ancient Chinese. Some words and expressions that are considered popular by Cantonese speakers can find their origins in ancient books. Guangdong, which is located in a corner of the country, has experienced very few wars and has been basically unaffected by the nomadic ethnic minorities in the north. Therefore, it has always retained the language and culture of the Han and Tang Dynasties.
The first official and authoritative pronunciation and rhyme book in Chinese history, "Guangyun" (full name "Revisiting Guangyun in the Song Dynasty"), the pronunciation of the words marked in it is highly consistent with today's Cantonese.
2. Cantonese writing system:
Modern Cantonese generally adopts the modern Chinese vernacular writing system that emerged in the early 20th century in formal occasions. Its grammar and vocabulary are roughly the same as written Mandarin. The grammar, vocabulary and terminology of this kind of vernacular are quite different from Cantonese, but people seem to have basically become accustomed to this difference and do not feel it is a big inconvenience.
But when people read this vernacular in Cantonese, they generally do not read it literally. Readers are accustomed to adjusting the literal sentences according to Cantonese grammar, vocabulary and idioms, and retelling them in Cantonese.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Cantonese Pinyin
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Cantonese