Yu Wenxian, King of Qi, once commented on Yuwen Yong, Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty and Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty: "Liu Pu looks very cunning like a sword. Every time I see him, I feel very lost. Please get rid of him early. "
Li, a writer in Sui Dynasty, described Wen Di in The Theory of Destiny, saying: "The emperor's body looks strange, with the sun, the moon, the river and the sea on his face, a red dragon independent, a vast corner of the sky, and a powerful bone. His eyes are bent back, his mouth is like four words, his voice is like a cymbal, and his hand is held, which is influenced by Nine Tin. Hao Tian is destined, he is. Looking elegant, looking like a god, the spirit of the spirit, including the universe, Fan Wei is also respectable, loving and amiable. "
Evaluation of Sui Shu Digil: "Although he failed to achieve the ultimate goal, he is also called an excellent master in modern times. However, it is speculative in nature and there is no learning. It is better to be a decimal, not a universal one. Therefore, loyal ministers and benevolent people have to do their best to express their opinions. He is the founder of the Founding Fathers, a general who has made meritorious service, and he is excused for killing foreigners. It is rare to survive. " He also said that he "only uses women's words" and "doesn't get angry often, which is too killing".
Ming Taizu Shi Lu Ming Taizu records that on the first day of August in the seventh year of Hongwu (1September 7, 374), Zhu Yuanzhang personally went to the Nanjing Emperor Temple to worship seventeen emperors, namely Huang San, Wu Di, Xia Wangyu, Shang, Han Gaozu, Han Guangwu, Sui Wendi, Tang Taizong, Song Taizu and Yuan Shizu. Those who have the virtue of governing the world and the merit of eternal life are also. With the help of Fred and God, Bird became the king of the world and inherited the orthodoxy of China emperors. Blessed years, saints die far away, and immortals live in the sky. The newspaper worship ceremony was not held, so there was a gap in the sacrifice. This is the use of the Zhao Xin Temple in the capital, and lists the icons and the foundations started by emperors in previous dynasties. Every year in the spring and autumn festival, it is always the norm. At the beginning of this ceremony, I will offer sacrifices and ordinary products as sacrifices, so that I can learn from God. Enjoy it! "
Zhao Yi, a historian in the Qing Dynasty, lamented: "The ancient times are easy to come to the world, and no one is like Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, taking his wife and relatives to the throne."
After reading Wei Zhi's Sui Shu, Volume II and Biography of Gaozu, Mao Zedong wrote: "The world is in chaos."
2. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin evaluation:
1, "Zhenguan dignitaries" praised Zhenguan's rule: most officials are self-righteous, the most common name is Hao Shuwu, and they dare not invade and bully villains. Traveling in the wild, there are no thieves, and prisons are often empty. Last year, only 29 people died. It also frequently leads to bumper harvests, which has nothing to do with San Qian's rice grabbing, cattle and horses flooding and outsiders. Travel from Beijing to Shanbiao, from Shandong to the seaside, without food, but with roads. When entering a village in Shandong, passing passengers will be treated kindly, or they will get a gift when they send it. This has never happened before.
2. Liu Shao and others' comments on The Official History of the Later Jin Dynasty Old Tang Book are: "Mitchell said: Emperor Chen Guanwen was brilliant in SHEN WOO. Pulling people out is not personal to the party, but passive ambition is to do our best. Therefore, the enemy is willing to fall in love with him; Ma Zhou and Liu Yue, estranged from each other, died and appointed Jun Heng. Finally, I thank you. Try to talk about: the foundation moistens the clouds, and the insects sing and jump. Although Yao Shun is a saint, he can't compare with Qiong Qi. Yi and Lv Zhixian can't make a fortune for peace. When the monarch and the minister were killed, their eyes were gouged out, and the ants were weak, and the good was different from the value. With the house and Wei, they have more hills and caves, so they can respect the Lord and protect the people. Or, what if you and the sages of Emperor Taizong lost their love for Kundi and their education for other scholars? Yue: Of course, Shun can't treat the four deadly sins well, Yao can't cultivate them, and he will learn from them. When Shen Yao ascended the throne as emperor and retired after his success, what can we do besides fear and coercion to care about the rise of collapse and change, so as to avoid the disaster of "destroying the nest" and avoid the rumor of "measuring cloth" Father can't move a fool who has done this. If Huang Wen decides to store it in Zhesi, he will not yearn for North Korea; As at the beginning of Zhenguan, it is acceptable compared with Kevin·Z. Kuang Fazhou and Zhou Chengzhi are hereditary, but I have a legacy; He is more ashamed of virtue than the grandeur of Chinese and martial arts. I won't be confused, but I've been good at this for a thousand years. Just one person! Zan: Chang,, a door with three saints. A man with a high position will not make friends. Guan, Cai, Cheng and Kang Daozheng. Today's Zhenguan wind sings. " Li Shimin
3. The official revised history of the Northern Song Dynasty, The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, commented on Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi: "It is very embarrassing, and the ruler will never be born! Yu has the world, there are six kings in ten miles, and Shao Kang has the industry of ZTE. The soup spread all over the world, to the twenty-eight kings, and those who were very prosperous were called three cases. The prince of Wu has the world and passed it on to the thirty-six kings. The one who succeeded was Gong Xuan, the sum of Kang, and there is nothing to say about the rest. Although there are omissions in the poetry books, there are more than 700 years in three generations, and there are more than 70 monarchs. Only six or seven monarchs have seen their excellent works in later generations. Alas, it's rare! There was a world in the Tang Dynasty, which was handed down from generation to generation for 20 years. Can be called three kings, Xuanzong, Xianzong can not stop. Magnificent, Taizong mighty! In addition to the chaos of the Sui Dynasty, it is better than soup and martial arts; The beauty of governance is that a few percent of people are healthy. Since ancient times, there have been both merits and demerits, which have not been seen since the Han Dynasty. As far as it is concerned, it is often because it attaches too much love and re-establishes a floating picture. It is ambitious and studious. The law of the Spring and Autumn Annals often blames saints, which is the beauty of future gentlemen wanting to be adults. "
4. The book of the New Tang Dynasty and the biography of the Northern Emperor: the virtue of Tang Dynasty is great! Covered by the International Day, belonging to the Minister; Thin at home and abroad, there is no county, so it respects the son of heaven and is called "Tiankhan". Not since the Three Kings. To the barren areas, waiting for Tang to become a powerful country; One is not to be a guest, but to be bound to it. So it's quite valuable. The heel is caught in court.
5. In the Collection of Zhenguan Politicians, Gezhi of the Yuan Dynasty said: "Fu Taizong takes two emperors and three kings as the way of self-cultivation and is ashamed of the way of family harmony. However, he sacrificed himself to remonstrate, be virtuous, use himself, be diligent and thrifty, and be generous in loving the people. He is also a descendant of three generations, and there is no one else except himself. After a gentleman, it is not beneficial to choose the good and follow it, but to change it if it is not good! " Here, Emperor Taizong committed the crime of two emperors and three kings in terms of self-cultivation and family harmony, which mainly means that Emperor Taizong and his brother Li competed for the throne.
6. According to Records of Ming Taizu and Ming Taizu, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, went to the Imperial Temple in Nanjing on the first day of August in the seventh year of Hongwu (1September 7, 374) to pay homage to Emperor Wu, Xia, Shang, Han Gaozu, Han Guangwu, Sui Wendi, Tang Taizong, Song Taizu and Yuan Shizu. Those who have the virtue of governing the world and the merit of eternal life are also. With the help of Fred and God, Bird became the king of the world and inherited the orthodoxy of China emperors. Blessed years, saints die far away, and immortals live in the sky. The newspaper worship ceremony was not held, so there was a gap in the sacrifice. This is the use of the Zhao Xin Temple in the capital, and lists the icons and the foundations started by emperors in previous dynasties. Every year in the spring and autumn festival, it is always the norm. At the beginning of this ceremony, I will offer sacrifices and ordinary products as sacrifices, so that I can learn from God. Enjoy it! "
7. Sima Guang: "Wu Wen, Emperor Taizong, is more talented than before. After three generations, China is not prosperous. "
8. Su Shi: "Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Guangwu, Emperor Taizong and Emperor Taizu, who can dominate the world, are all murderous. The more people kill, the more chaotic the world is. " "Taizong's advice is almost imperial."
9. Su Zhe: "There is only one sage of Emperor Taizong since the Western Han Dynasty. If Ren Xian can make a difference, he must be a man. He will be thrifty and the world will be punished. From the third generation, there is no comparison. "
10, Genghis Khan: "People who want to bring peace and stability to the country must know Tang Zong's art of war."
1 1, Judy: "If the emperor of the Tang Dynasty advocated benevolence and tranquility, the world would be a whole. Bow to the armor and enter the room. I think his troubles are not thoughtless, and his troubles are not far away. He wrote 12 "Emperor Fan" to teach his son that he bowed and explained the way of politics. " "In the past, Emperor Taizong set things right and lived a comfortable life. From ancient times to the present, there is little talk about it, seeking truth and loyalty to the country. Although the enemy will be rewarded, he will have different plans. Although the pro will be punished. "
12, Mao Zedong: "There was no power of Li Shimin since ancient times, and then there was Zhu Yuanzhang."
13, Li Ao: "Emperor Taizong is the most exotic hero in history, with all kinds of tenderness and chivalry. In the political struggle to conquer the world, he certainly has the same thunderbolt means as human beings, but in addition to these political' vulgar feelings', he also has many' strange feelings' that make the country colorful and add luster to mankind. "
14, Poplar: "Li Shimin the Great is one of the most outstanding wise monarchs in China. He used his high wisdom to manage his empire diligently and cautiously, and soon created a second golden age of 130 years for China. " "Since the beginning of Pangu, Li Shimin the Great was the first emperor in China who was sincerely praised and worshipped by the people of China. This is due to his achievements and his own virtues. His words and deeds in governing the country have become the norm for all emperors in the future. "
15, History of Sui and Tang Dynasties in China, Cambridge: "For later generations of China literati, Emperor Taizong represented a prosperous time of combining culture, politics and martial arts ideals: the country was governed by an energetic but wise and cautious emperor who firmly controlled his empire and always listened to the opinions of ministers with humility and patience. These ministers themselves are outstanding figures. The reason why Emperor Taizong's administrative style is respected is not only because of his political achievements, but also because it is close to the Confucian ideal of being loyal to his subjects and loving the people, and because it shows the harmony between the monarch and his subjects.
3. Wu Zetian evaluation:
Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been different opinions and perspectives on Wu Zetian. The emperors in the early Tang Dynasty were all her direct descendants, and the Confucian orthodoxy had not fully occupied the dominant position, so the evaluation of Wu Zetian at that time was still relatively positive. However, with the passage of time, especially Sima Guang's History as a Mirror, Wu was severely criticized. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism was dominant in China's thoughts, while ignoring women's views decided to evaluate Wu Zetian. For example, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Wang Fuzhi, a famous thinker, once commented on Wu Zetian as "a place where ghosts and gods can't tolerate, and where subjects complain." However, it is undeniable that Wuhou was good at governing the country, attached importance to recruiting talented people, and created the "palace examination" system of the imperial examination, which enabled him to reuse such famous ministers as Di, Zhang Jianzhi, Huan, Jing Hui and Yao Chong. During the reign of Wu Zetian, the national policy was steady, the military strategy was appropriate, the culture was revived, and the people were rich, so she was known as the legacy of Zhenguan, which laid the foundation for the long-term stability of her grandson Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian made great contributions to history.
In addition, Wu Zetian also has many negative comments. In the early days of her administration, due to the trend of gossiping, she reused cruel officials Zhou Xing and Lai Junchen, and later historians despised her for violating traditional ethics. As a woman, she actually has many male concubines (called "Toy Boy") and is not ashamed to openly date many men. So all her actions were flogged in the history books and directly reprimanded.