2. Ten liters make a barrel, and ten barrels make a stone.
3. Converted from the current unit to 1 stone = 1 50kg1kg = 500g. ..
Question 2: What are the units for measuring length in ancient times?
1 Li = 15 citation = 150 sheets.
1 citation = 10 sheets
Zhang = 2 steps = 10 foot
1 step = 5 feet
Different dynasties, the Zhou Dynasty took eight feet as a step and the Qin Dynasty took six feet as a step.
1 ft = 10 inch
1 inch = 10 point
1 = 10%.
1 cm =10mm
1 milli = 10 filament
1 silk = 10 suddenly
Change to today's unit:
2 Li = 1 km (the length of ancient "Li" and "city" is different)
3 ft = 10 m
3 ft = 1 m
3 inches = 10 cm
Question 3: What was the ancient unit of length? How did it come from? Ancient unit of length
In Shang Dynasty, one foot was 16.95cm. According to this amount, people were about ten feet tall, so they were called "husbands".
One foot in the Zhou Dynasty was 23. 1 cm;
One foot in Qin dynasty was about 23.1cm;
In the Han Dynasty, one foot was about 2 1.35-23.75 cm.
Three Kingdoms, one foot is 24.2 cm today;
Southern dynasties, one foot is about 25.8 cm;
Northern Wei Dynasty, one foot is 30.9 cm;
One foot 29.6 cm in Sui Dynasty;
One foot 30.7 cm in the Tang Dynasty;
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, one foot was 3 1.68 cm;
Woodworking in Ming and Qing dynasties was 3 1. 1cm.
The original ruler refers to the distance between a man's thumb and middle finger, which is about 20 cm.
Closer to the ruler is wisdom. It refers to the distance from the thumb to the middle finger after the woman's hand is straightened, so it is slightly shorter than the ruler. Later, it was used together to mean short distance, such as "close at hand"
The units of length in the pre-Qin period were Zhang (ten feet), Xun (eight feet), Chang (two seeks), and Xi 'an. This is the length of a person's outstretched arms. For example, in "One Mountain in Gong Yu", there are: "Taihang Mountain and Prince of Wu are 700 miles square and high in Wan Ren."
Later, units of length less than one inch were produced, namely: minute (one tenth of an inch), centimeter (one tenth of an inch), milli (one tenth of a centimeter), second (also called "silk" after the Song Dynasty, one tenth of a milli), sudden (one tenth of a second) and micro (one tenth of a second). Today, the usage of "silk" and "milli" comes from this.
1 foot = 1 foot, 1 foot = 10 inch,1inch = 10 minute.
The origin of the unit of length
Initially, China adopted municipal units of measurement, such as feet, feet and inches to indicate length, gold, beams and money to indicate weight, and mu to indicate area. These units were cancelled in 1990. At present, the legal unit of measurement is consistent with the international unit of measurement, which is convenient for international communication.
China uses the meter as the unit of length. In order to find a suitable length unit, it took a lot of trouble. People have long wanted to find a reliable and unchangeable ruler as a unified standard for measuring distance. At first, it was based on human body. From the papyrus of ancient Egypt more than 3000 years ago, the figure of human forearm was found. The forearm used as a unit of length is called a wrist ruler.
The forearm of the famous Egyptian Khufu was built into a wrist ruler, and the tower was 280 cubits high. In the 9th century AD, Henry I, the Saxon dynasty, stipulated that the arm should be stretched forward horizontally, and the distance from the tip of the nose to the fingertip was set as "1 yard".
The length between thumb joints is set to "1 inch". It is said that Dayu in ancient China used his body length as the length standard to measure the water control project.
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, stipulated his two steps, that is, one step on the left and right feet, as a unit of length, which was called "step". It is also stipulated that one step is five feet and three hundred steps are one mile. Later, it was stipulated that a section of the middle finger of a human hand was "1 inch". /kloc-in the 0/8th century, people began to feel that using the human body as the length standard had many shortcomings. Because people are different in height, the length of the length unit is also different, which is very confusing. People are eager to find a unit of measurement with a fixed length and finally remember the earth. At that time, people thought that the size and length of the earth would not change. If the distance on the earth is used as the unit of length, a fixed unit of measurement can be obtained. Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty conducted a large-scale land survey in Northeast China in 1709- 17 10. Because the units of length were not uniform at that time, Emperor Kangxi stipulated that the meridian from 1 degree to the earth was 200 miles, and each mile was 1800 feet.
1789, the famous mathematicians of French Academy of Sciences Da Lambert and Hai Hai conducted a field survey, and it was concluded that 1m was equal to 0.5 12074 Tuva (an ancient French ruler). Metric ruler is decimal, fixed in length and easy to use, so it is quickly recognized by other countries. 4438+0875，28868687
Two ends of the middle surface of the ruler are engraved with three lines. At 0 degrees Celsius, the distance between the two lines is exactly 1 meter. With the development of science,
With the development of science and technology, scientists have found that the shape and size of the earth are also changing, so the scale of meters is not accurate enough; In addition, international meters
The depiction of the ruler prototype is also flawed, which affects the accuracy of the meter ruler. At the 1 1 meeting of 1960, it was decided to abolish the international rice used since 1889 ... >:>
Question 4: What was the ancient unit of measurement? "Oz" is an English unit of measurement, and it is also called English ounce as a unit of weight. Constant ounce: a unit of weight. The overall abbreviation is oz.av1oz = 28.350g.
Question 5: What was the ancient unit of measurement? The evolution of China's weights and measures system in past dynasties, such as bamboo and stone.
1, Warring States:
1) Qi: 1 clock = 10 kettle, 1 kettle = zone 4, 1 zone = 4 beans, 1 bean = 4 liters.
2) Qin: 1 = 10, 1 = 10 liter.
3) Chu: 1 =5 liters
4) Three gold: 1 Hu = 10 bucket, 1 bucket =10 L.
2. Qin: 1 = 10, 1 = 10 liter.
Unified conversion (ml): 1 Hu = 20000, 1 Dou = 2000, 1 L = 200.
3. Korea: 1 = 10, 1 = 10l, 1 l =10, 1 = 2.
Unified conversion (ml): 1 Hu =20000, 1 Dou = 2000, 1 L = 200, 1 = 20, 1 Hu = 10.
4. Three Kingdoms and Two Jin Dynasties: 1 Hu = 10 dou, 1 dou = 10 L, 1 L = 10.
Unified conversion (ml): 1 Hu =20450, 1 Dou = 2045, 1 L = 204.5, 1 = 20.45.
5. Southern and Northern Dynasties: 1 = 10, 1 = 10 liter, 1 liter = 10.
Unified conversion (ml): 1 Hu =30000, 1 Dou = 3000, 1 L = 300, 1 = 30.
6. Sui: 1 Hu = 10 dou, 1 dou = 10 L, 1 L = 10.
Unified transformation (ml):
Huang Kai: 1 Hu =60000, 1 Dou =6000, 1 L = 600, 1 = 60.
Great cause: 1 Hu =20000, 1 Dou =2000, 1 L = 200, 1 = 20.
7. Tang: 1 Hu = 10 dou, 1 dou = 10 L, 1 L = 10.
Unified transformation (ml):
Large size: 1 Hu =60000, 1 Dou =6000, 1 L = 600, 1 = 60.
Small: 1 Hu =20000, 1 Dou =2000, 1 L =200, 1 = 20.
8. Song: 1 stone = 2, 1 = 5, 1 = 10L = 10L.
Unified conversion (ml): 1 stone = 67000, 1 welcome =33500, 1 bucket = 6700, 1 liter = 670, 1 = 67.
9. Yuan: 1 stone = 2, 1 branch = 5, 1 branch =10l =10l.
Unified conversion (ml): 1 stone = 95000, 1 welcome = 47500, 1 bucket = 9500, 1 liter = 950, 1 = 95.
10, Ming: 1 stone = 2, 1 = 5, 1 = 10L = 10L.
Unified conversion (ml): 1 stone = 10000, 1 welcome = 50000, 1 barrel = 10000, 1 liter =1.
1 1, Qing: 1 stone = 2, 1 = 5, 1 = 10L = 10L.
Unified conversion (ml): 1 stone = 10000, 1 welcome = 50000, 1 barrel = 10000, 1 liter =1.
Question 6: What is the unit of measurement of ancient currency? There were many monetary units in ancient China, and each dynasty was different, especially before Qin and Han Dynasties. Only three basic units are discussed here:
A penny (that is, a standard square hole copper coin)
An ounce or two of silver.
An ounce or two of gold.
Although the above-mentioned units are different in different dynasties and generations, at least there is little difference after the Tang and Song Dynasties, so relatively stable and reliable data can be obtained.
commutation relation
The exchange ratio between copper coins, silver and gold, just like the current foreign exchange price, is constantly changing, unlike 1 yuan is equal to 100.
According to the following description:
"The price of gold and silver rose from 1600 to 1: 8 in the middle and late 20th century, and doubled to 1: 20 by the end of 18."
It is known that 1 gold can be exchanged for about 8~ 1 1 silver.
Once again:
"In the early years of Daoguang, one or two pieces of silver were exchanged for money, that is, one thousand articles; By the time of the Opium War in the 20th year of Daoguang, one or two pieces of silver could be exchanged for sixteen thousand seven hundred pieces of silver. Since Xianfeng, the price of silver has soared, and one or two pieces of silver can be exchanged for as much as 22,300 pieces of silver. "
It is known that under normal circumstances, 1 silver can be exchanged for about 1000~ 1500 copper. Ancient 1 penetration money or 1 hanging money was 1000 copper coins.
Metal price
Because money made of gold, silver and copper has its own value, in theory, the value of money should be equal to the price of metal, so we can answer "how much is a silver?"
In the Tang Dynasty, each Kaiyuan Bao Tong copper coin was 8 cents in diameter, 10 pieces weighed 1 2 pieces, and 1,000 pieces weighed 6 Jin 4 liang. During the reign of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, each copper coin weighed one yuan and twenty-five cents, and then increased to one yuan and four cents, so it weighed eight catties and twelve ounces per thousand articles. In ancient times, although the weight units of "two" were different, they were all about 40 grams, while "Jin" was about 700 grams. The average weight of each copper coin is 5 grams.
The current prices of gold, silver and copper (RMB) are as follows:
Gold: 100 yuan/gram
Silver: 2 yuan/gram
Brass: 0.02 yuan/gram
The calculation results are as follows:
1 two gold: about 4000 yuan.
1 two silver: around 80 yuan.
1 copper coin (1 paper money): about 0. 1 yuan.
Grain price
Many historical monographs directly measure monetary relations through food prices. Although considering food prices alone is not accurate and objective, it should be an extremely important reference. Kobayashi found the following records online:
"On the white rice (stone) nine money five points?
White rice (stone) is nine dollars and twenty-six cents.
Eight dollars and three cents for rice (stone)?
White? Nine Notes on Noodles (Gold)
Silver is exchanged for 1000 pence every two. "
also
"According to the records of the Ministry of War of the Qing Dynasty, the grain prices of Shuntianfu, Daming House and Xuanhua House in Zhili in the first half of the fifteenth year of Guangxu were calculated based on millet, sorghum and corn, with an average of one, two, four and six cents per warehouse."
According to the calculation of 1 stone = 100 kg =70 kg, and the grain price is calculated by 2 yuan RMB/kg, the following average values can be obtained:
1 two silver: about 170 yuan.
1 copper coin (1 paper money): around 0.2 yuan.
conclusion
According to the above calculation, considering
1 the price of gold is more stable than others, and the focus is on.
Now silver has been used as an industrial product, so the reference value of silver price is low.
Due to the rapid development of agricultural technology, the relative price of grain is much cheaper now than in ancient times.
4 Respect the ancient exchange ratio
5 Round to the nearest integer, which is convenient for conversion and perceptual knowledge.
Therefore, the author suggests that it is convenient and wise to adopt the following conversion system when encountering ancient monetary units in the future:
1 two gold = 2000 yuan = 10 two silver.
1 two silver = RMB 200 yuan = 1000 = 1 customs (diao) money.
1 Qian Wen = RMB 0.2 yuan.
In addition: 1 stone rice = 1 two silver.
Disclaimer: The above conclusions are not academic opinions, but only used for the conversion of ordinary people watching costume TV dramas and martial arts novels.
confirm
The following are some ancient materials to verify the conversion method given by Kobayashi and improve perceptual knowledge:
The monthly salary of the Tang Dynasty Jiupin official is 5 stone meters = the monthly salary of the junior civil servants in the Tang Dynasty 1 0,000 yuan;
The annual salary of six officials in the Qing Dynasty is 45 taels of silver = the annual salary of bureau-level cadres in the Qing Dynasty is 9000 yuan;
Three years as a magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, ... >>
Question 7: The difference between the ancient units of measurement and the present (for example, the measurement in China can be traced back to the end of clan society more than 4,000 years ago.
According to ancient records, the Yellow Emperor created five quantities: degree, quantity, balance, interior and number.
Shun's patrol coordinated the four seasons of the sun, the moon and the clan, and unified the rhythm and weights and measures.
Yu Xia takes its own length and weight as the standard.
The ancient ruler handed down from Shang Dynasty is 15.8cm long, which is divided into ten inches square.
In 22 1 year BC, after the King of Qin won the political victory and unified China, he issued the imperial edict of unified measurement.
At the same time, a complete set of weighing and container standards has been formulated and distributed to all localities.
In the Warring States Period, Shang Yang implemented the system of units of measurement of 100 years in Qin State, and spread it to the whole country.
The unified system of weights and measures in Qin dynasty has been used for more than 2000 years.
Formed a unique measurement unit system in ancient China.
1 m =3 feet, 10 m =3 feet.
Ancient 1 Jin = present 1 present = ancient 16 beam = present 10 beam.
Today 1 beam _ is equivalent to _ ancient1.5μ m.
Ancient 1 is equivalent to seven feet or eight feet today.
10L = 1 bucket,1bucket = 1 stone.
Bell kettle.
-fesr。
Weight:
1 KMT =100 kkg = 50kg =5000 KMT.
1 kg = 10 Liang = 100 Qian = 1000 Li = 10000 milli = 10000 silk.
Length:
1 city = 500m
1 reference = 33.333 ... meters
1 market quotation = 10 market feet = 100 market feet = 1000 market inches = 10000 market minutes = 100000 market millimeters = 100000.
Region:
1 hectare = 100 acre
1 mu = 6000 square feet =666.67 square meters
1 hectare = 6.666666667 square kilometers.
1 mu =6.666667 mu = 0.0006669999 ... square kilometers.
1 city division = = 0.00006667 square kilometers
1 square foot =1.111e-7 square kilometers.
Volume:
1 cubic foot = 1000 cubic foot = 1000000 cubic inch =37 cubic meters.
Question 8: What were the ancient units of weight measurement in China, such as two kilograms?