"Shopper" is a person's name and refers to a thief named Shopper. The title of this article is the names of people. The center of the content of Stealing Feet is to attack Confucianism, criticize the hypocrisy and deception of Confucian views, and advocate returning to nature and letting nature take its course.
Confucius and Liu are friends, while Liu's younger brother is called Stealing Feet. There are 9,000 people stealing feet, running around the world, harassing governors of various countries; Break into houses, plunder cattle and horses, and rob women; Greedy for money, false marriage, regardless of parents and brothers, no ancestor worship. Where he passed, big countries avoided cities, small countries retreated into castles, and the people were scolded very hard by him. Confucius said to Liu: "Parents can certainly warn their children, and brothers can certainly educate their younger brothers. If a father can't warn his children and a brother can't educate his brother, then the intimate relationship between father and son is of no value. Now, sir, you are a wise man in the world, but your brother is called stealing feet, which has become a scourge in the world and can't be disciplined. I am secretly ashamed of my husband. I am willing to persuade him for you. " Liu said: "Teacher Wang said that fathers can certainly warn their children and brothers can certainly educate their younger brothers. If the child doesn't listen to his father's warning and the brother doesn't accept his brother's education, even if Mr. Wang is eloquent today, what can he do? " Moreover, people who steal their feet are as active as a gushing spring, and their feelings change like a sudden storm. He is brave and strong enough to confront the enemy, eloquent enough to cover up his mistakes, and he is willing to follow his own wishes. If he goes against his will, he will lose his temper and insult others easily with words. Sir, don't go to see him. "
Confucius didn't listen. He told Yan Hui to drive and Zigong to ride a horse to meet the thief. Stealing feet is just resting at the southern foot of Mount Tai and chopping people's livers to eat. Confucius got off and walked forward. When I met a reporter, I said, "Lu people, I heard that the general is upright and upright. Please convey my intention to visit him. "
When the messenger came in, the thief flew into a rage when he heard that Confucius asked to see him. His eyes are as bright as stars, and his hair hangs straight to the top of his hat. Liu Bei said, "This is not a traitor to Lu. Tell him for me:' You are faking language, relying on the opinions of King Wen and Wang; You wear a hat on your head, a wide belt around your waist, and you are full of nonsense; You eat well without farming, and you dress well without weaving; You are always talking, creating troubles to confuse the princes in the world, so that all scholars in the world can't return to their nature, falsely flaunting the idea of filial piety to their elders and becoming rich by luck. You are really guilty, go back! Otherwise, I will cut out your heart and increase lunch! "
Confucius once again asked for an interview and said, "It's an honor to meet Liu, and I sincerely hope to meet the general." The nurse informed again that the thief said, "Call him in!" Confucius walked cautiously and quickly into the tent, stepped back a few steps away from the table, and made a deep salute to the stolen foot. The thief was furious when he saw Confucius. He spread his legs, pressed the hilt, and opened his eyes angrily. He shouted like a sucking tigress, "Kong Qiu, come forward! What you said is that I want you to live. If not, you will die. "
Confucius said: "I heard that there are three virtues in the world: being born tall and beautiful is unparalleled, and people of all ages like him very much, which is a superior virtue;" Intelligence includes heaven and earth, and its ability is enough to distinguish various things, which is a medium virtue; Brave, aggressive, decisive, brave, can gather people to command soldiers, which is an inferior virtue. People have this virtue, which is enough for South to be king. Today's generals have all three virtues at the same time. You are tall and burly, eight feet two inches long, with bright eyes, bright red lips like vermilion, neat teeth like braided shells and a loud voice like Ling Huang. However, your name is stolen feet. I am secretly ashamed of the general and think that the general should not have this notoriety. If the general is interested in my advice, I will send envoys to wuyue in the south, Qi and Lu in the north, Song and Qin in the east and Jin and Qin in the west. I will send people to build hundreds of miles of cities for the generals, establish fiefs for hundreds of thousands of families, respect the generals as princes, start a new page with all countries in the world, abandon weapons to recuperate, and adopt brothers to worship their ancestors. This is what sages did, and it is also what people all over the world want. "
The thief said angrily, "Kong Qiu, come out! Anyone who can be persuaded by fate and corrected by words can only be called an ignorant and humble ordinary obedient person. Now I am tall, strong, handsome and beautiful, and everyone likes me when they see me. This is a virtue left by my parents. Don't I know that you Kong Qiu won't flatter me to my face? In addition, I heard that people who like to praise others in person can also slander others behind their backs. Now you tell me that you plan to build a big city and gather many people. This is to seduce me with utilitarianism and treat me with the attitude of treating ordinary listeners. How can it last? The biggest thing in the city is the whole world. Yao and Shun won the world, but there is no place for future generations. Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang became emperors, but their descendants became extinct. Isn't this because they are insatiable?
"In addition, I also heard that there were many animals and few people in ancient times, so people built nests in trees to avoid wild animals, picked acorns during the day and lived in trees at night, so they were called people with nests. In ancient times, people didn't know how to dress. In summer, they accumulate a lot of firewood, and in winter, they burn fire to keep warm, so they are called people who know how to survive. In the Shennong era, life was so quiet and carefree, and actions were so carefree and complacent. People only know their mother, but they don't know their father. They live with elk, cultivate their own food, weave their own clothes, and don't hurt others' hearts. This is an era of moral prosperity. However, when the Yellow Emperor arrived, he no longer had such virtue. He fought Chiyou in the hometown of Zhuolu and bled for hundreds of miles. Yao and Shun proclaimed himself emperor, set up officials, Shang Tang exiled the monarch, and King Wu killed Zhou Wang. Since then, the world has been bullying the weak by power and invading the minority by power. Since Shang Tang and King Wu, they all belong to the people who usurped power and rebelled.
"You are now studying the strategy of governing the country by King Wen and King featuring, controlling the world public opinion, trying to spread your thoughts to later generations, wearing Confucian clothes in Bordet, taking off your coat, and talking melodramatically, so as to confuse the governors all over the world and want to pursue high officials and high salaries. There is nothing bigger to say than a thief. Why don't the world call you a thief mountain, but call me a thief foot? You persuaded Luz to follow you wholeheartedly with sweet words, so that Luz took off his brave crown, raised his sword and was taught by you. Everyone in the world says that you Confucius can stop violence and prohibit misconduct. But later, Lutz tried to kill the usurper Wei Jun, but failed, and was chopped into a paste at the East Gate of Weiguo. This is a failure of your preaching. Aren't you a bachelor and saint who claims to be smart? However, he was expelled from Lu twice, and his footprints in Weiguo were all cut off. He was cornered in Qi, trapped between Chen and Cai, and could not live on earth. However, your education has suffered such a disaster. Teachers can't stand in society, and students can't be human in society. Is your idea valuable?
"There is nothing more respectable than the Yellow Emperor in the world. He still can't preserve virtue, but he fought a hundred miles in the hometown of Zhuolu. Tang Yao was heartless, Yu Shun was unfilial, Dayu was paralyzed, Shang Tang exiled the monarch, sent troops to pacify Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and King Wen was once jailed. All the above six people are respected by the world, but they are forced to violate the natural endowment because they pursue utility and confuse the truth. What they did was really shameful.
"The wise men praised by the world, such as Boyi and Shu Qi. Boyi and Shu Qi resigned from the throne of the solitary bamboo country, but starved to death in shouyangshan, and their bodies were not buried. Baojiao deliberately criticized the world and died clinging to a tree. Shen Tudi repeatedly advised that it was not accepted. He threw the stone into the river with his back and died. His body was eaten by fish and turtles. Deconstruction is the most loyal. He cut off the meat from his thigh and gave it to Jin Wengong. After Wen Gong returned to China, he abandoned him. Jietui fled the capital in a rage and lived in seclusion in the mountains. He also burned a tree and died. Weisheng is dating a woman under the bridge. That woman didn't keep the appointment as scheduled. The river came in, but Weisheng didn't leave. She drowned holding the bridge post. These six people are no different from dismembered dogs, pigs sinking into the river and beggars begging everywhere with spoons. People who value honor over death, regardless of health and longevity.
"The loyal subjects praised by the world are nothing more than princes and Wu Zixu. Wu Zixu was dumped in the river, and Bigan died by caesarean section. These two men were called loyal ministers by the world, but they were finally laughed at by the whole world. Judging from the above facts, people like Wu Zixu and Prince Bigan are not worthy of admiration.
"Kong Qiu once convinced me that if you tell me something weird, I can't know; If you tell me the real thing in the world, that's it. That's all I heard. Now let me tell you about human nature. Eyes want to see colors, ears want to hear sounds, mouth wants to taste, and ambitions want to be satisfied and enriched. Life is alive 100 years old, middle-aged 80 years old, and low valley 60 years old. Except for the years of birth, illness, death and sadness, there are only four or five days in January when you can laugh heartily. There is no end to heaven and earth, but there is a time limit to human death. Entrust a life with a time limit to the endless world and disappear quickly, just like a gap thousands of miles away. Anyone who can't make his mind happy and live a long life can't be regarded as a person who knows common sense.
"Kong Qiu said, you are all people I want to abandon, you leave here, go home, don't say it again! Your set of ideas, madness and sexlessness, are all clever and hypocritical things, and it is impossible to keep the truth. What is there to talk about? "
After thanking Confucius again and again, he left in a hurry, walked out of the tent door and boarded the car. He lost his reins three times, his eyes blurred, his face as gray, and he leaned his head against the crossbar in front of the car, breathless with depression. Back to the east gate of Lu, I happened to meet Liu. Liu said, "I haven't seen you for many days recently, and I feel very uneasy. Look at your horses and chariots. I am afraid that you will go to see the stolen feet? " Confucius looked up at the sky and sighed, "Yes." Liu said, "Isn't it against my will to steal my feet?" Confucius said, "That's right. What I did was really like sticking a needle myself when I was not sick, asking for trouble, and rushing to stab the tiger's head and trim the tiger's beard, which was almost swallowed by the tiger's mouth! "
Query on Miao Zhuang's Entry into Yunnan
□ Hu Benyou
Sima Qian recorded in detail the fact that Zhuang Ti led many people into Yunnan during the Warring States Period in Historical Records. According to "Historical Records Biography of Southwest Yi", "At the beginning, Jiangjunzhuang sent troops along the river, slightly to Ba (Shu) Qianxi. Miao Zhuang, so Miao also. Ride to Dianchi Lake, the place is 300 miles, next to the flat ground, thousands of miles fat. Determine Chu by soldiers. If you want to return, attack Chuba and Qianzhong counties, and the road is blocked. Because of the return, you will rely on its king, follow its customs and learn from it. "
From this record, we know that in Chu Weiwang, Zhuang Ti was ordered to lead his army westward along the Yangtze River, and conquered parts of today's Sichuan Province and Guizhou Province all the way to Dianchi Lake, Yunnan Province, and designated the area near Dianchi Lake as "Chu where the troops were stronger than Ma Zhuang". Just as Zhuang Tiao was preparing to return to China to report to the King of Chu, it coincided with Qin Jun's invasion of Ba and Qianzhong counties. Because the way home was blocked by Qin Jun, Zhuang Tiao recruited himself in Dianchi Lake. However, what needs to be pointed out here is that according to Records of the Historian Qin Benji and History as a Mirror Zhou Ji, Ba and Qian were captured in 280 BC, and Wu and Qian were named as Qianzhong County in 277 BC. Therefore, the king of Chu near this period should be the king of Chu rather than.
Because it is recorded in Historical Records Biography of Southwest Yi that Zhuang Ti was a general of Chu and his army was sent to Yunnan by the king of Chu, some historical books of later generations, including many local chronicles of Yunnan, also hold this view when referring to Zhuang Ti. However, after reading some ancient books, the author became more and more puzzled about Zhuang Ti's identity and historical background in Yunnan.
According to Xunzi's article on soldiers, "However, the soldiers are close to the sand, and Tang Yi dies; The rise of Zhuang Qi, Chu divided into three or four. "The Book of the Weak" also said: "The Tang Dynasty is dead, the Zhuang Dynasty is endogenous, and Chu is divided into five." "Everything is wrong, Yu Lao" said: "The official can't ban Zhuang Jian from stealing in China, which is also a political chaos." Li Jie, the Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu, also mentioned "Zhuang's violence. "As can be seen from the records in the above four books, Zhuang Ti is not only a general under the king of Chu, on the contrary, he is a rebel leader who specifically opposes the ruler of Chu. It can also be seen from these records that the uprising led by him broke out around 30 1 year BC, after the Chu army was defeated by the allied forces of Qin, Qi, Korea, Wei and other countries in blowing sand (now tanghe county, Henan) and the general Tommy was killed. Moreover, the rebel army was huge and powerful, which once caused the Chu State to be divided and chaotic, and even hit Ying, the capital of Chu State (now Jiangling, Hubei Province).
In addition, "Lv's Different Uses in the Spring and Autumn Period" States: "Foot and foot (that is, zhuangqi) have a choice, so they can be opened and closed."
Jia Yi said in Qu Yuan's Fu: "If the words of the world follow it, they will be degraded as embarrassment, which is called slap in the ear." Including "Historical Records Biography of Rangers", it is also said: "The foot is webbed and violent, and its meaning is endless." These records compare Zhuang Ti with the famous leader of slave uprising in the Spring and Autumn Period, which further shows that Zhuang Ti is the leader of peasant uprising rather than the general of Chu State.
The author believes that the records of Zhuang Ti in the above-mentioned classics should be true and credible. First of all, these ancient books were written earlier than Historical Records, and Xunzi, Han Feizi, Lv Buwei, Jia Yi and others were either masters or celebrities. Some of them lived in the same era as Zhuang Ting, and some had close ties with Zhuang Ting, so they were unlikely to make false statements when describing Zhuang Ting. However, when Sima Qian wrote Historical Records, it was 200 years since Zhuang Ti, and the reliability of the information he collected remains to be discussed. Only by comparing Zhuang Ti with Stealing Foot in Historical Records can we see that his records about Zhuang Ti are inconsistent.
Secondly, according to the records of the above-mentioned classics, Historical Records, Zi Tongzhi Bamboo Slips and other books, the time of Zhuang Ti's activities was about the end of the year and the period of King Xiang of Chu. However, at this time, Chu is no longer a powerful country that once dominated the princes. According to historical records, since the King of Chu came to power, due to the fatuity of the monarch, the state affairs of Chu were gradually controlled by the old nobles headed by the above-mentioned officials, Shanxi merchants. These decadent and incompetent old aristocrats dominated the political affairs, entrapped the sages, and made the Chu State decline day by day, resulting in repeated defeats in wars with the Central Plains countries such as Qin, Qi, North Korea and Wei, losing power and humiliating the country, and even Chu Huaiwang died in Qin. By the time of King Xiang, even the capital Ying was captured, and the graves of ancestors were burned by Qin Jun. Up to now, this once southern power has been the law of the jungle. Judging from common sense, under such a predicament, it is impossible and unable for Chu to send heavy troops to the southwest border again. Therefore, the description in Historical Records Biography of Southwest Yi that the King of Chu sent Zhuang Tun to lead his troops westward to Dianchi Lake is wrong.
To sum up, the author thinks that Zhuang Ti was not a general of Chu at the end of the Warring States Period, but a leader of the peasant uprising army of Chu at that time, and was not sent by the King of Chu to lead the people into Yunnan. At that time, the situation should be that, due to repeated defeats in the wars between Chu and Qin, Qi, Han, Wei and other countries in the Central Plains, not only the teachers and land were lost, but also the burden on the people was increased, which inevitably led to the resistance of the broad masses of people. It was at this time that Zhuang Ti led his troops to revolt, which quickly formed a certain scale, which once caused the Chu State to be divided and chaotic, and dealt a heavy blow to the rulers. Only later, under the siege of local rulers, because they were outnumbered, they had to lead the rebels along the Yangtze River to the southwest where Chu's ruling power was weak. After breaking through the encirclement of the Chu army, he arrived in Dianchi Lake area and conquered the nearby indigenous tribes. Finally, they rallied and became the king in Dianchi Lake area.
Of course, this is just the author's view on Zhuang Tun's leading people into Yunnan. Whether it is true or not needs to be studied and verified by historians.