The archaeological project of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum has made significant progress recently. The results of the geological survey of the Ministry of Land and Resources and other relevant departments used remote sensing and geophysical comprehensive detection technology to confirm for the first time that there are indeed underground palaces and tombs under the Qin Mausoleum, and determined The location of the underground palace.
The main body of the tomb has not collapsed and flooded
The "Eighth Wonder of the World" Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang has long had a series of questions, such as whether the real tomb of Qin Shi Huang is under the sealing mound, and how deep the tomb is buried , what is the structural size of the underground palace, and whether the tomb collapsed and flooded? Our country's scientific and technological workers applied gravity, magnetic methods, high-density electrical methods, geological radar methods and other technologies, and after a year of exploration and test verification, they finally revealed a series of mysteries about Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum. The real tomb of Qin Shihuang is under the mound of sealed earth, and the main body of the stone-built tomb has not yet collapsed and flooded. Preliminary detection shows that the large-scale and complex tomb of Qin Shihuang indeed embodies the style of "one emperor through the ages".
The tomb is located in the center of the underground palace
Liu Shiyi, a researcher at the China Geological Survey, said that this measurement detected obvious gravity anomalies caused by the backfilling of rammed earth after excavation of the underground palace and elastic wave reflection anomalies. , there are obvious magnetic anomalies caused by the fine rammed earth wall corresponding to the sealing pile in the excavation range, high resistivity anomalies caused by the tomb chamber, mercury anomalies within the excavation range, gravity anomalies and diffraction point anomalies caused by the palace wall. These anomalies, combined with known tomb passages, outline the outline of a huge underground complex. "Only a real tomb can have such a large and supporting underground building complex. Therefore, a big question can now be answered, that is, the underground palace and tomb of Qin Shihuang are under the mound of sealed earth."
Liu Shiyi said, preliminary According to the assessment, the underground palace is located below the top of the earth sealing pile and its surroundings. The main excavation area is approximately 170 meters long from east to west and 145 meters wide from north to south. The main body of the excavation area and the tomb chamber are both rectangular in shape. The tomb chamber is located in the center of the underground palace, with an altitude of 470 to 480 meters above sea level and a height of about 15 meters. It is about 80 meters long from east to west and 50 meters wide from north to south. The top of the palace wall has an altitude of about 471 meters, a height of about 16 meters, a width of about 8 meters, a length of about 145 meters from east to west, and a width of about 125 meters from north to south. The fine rammed earth wall above the palace wall is basically the same position and scope as the palace wall, and is about 30 meters high.
It is still unknown whether the Mausoleum of the First Emperor was stolen
The abnormal distribution characteristics of mercury in the sealed mound detected by measurement are intriguing: the strongest in the north and east, followed by the south and west, followed by the north and west. West is the weakest. It is speculated based on the legend that mercury was used to simulate the world's rivers in the tomb of Qin Shihuang. It may reflect the Chinese concept of river geography during the Qin Dynasty. For example, it may be related to Qin Shihuang's visit to the Bohai Sea.
Liu Shiyi said that due to factors such as the scarcity of profiles except for the magnetic method, the lack of three-dimensional detection and inversion, and the failure to completely eliminate the artificial interference of the magnetic method, this survey only provides the location of the underground palace building, burial Depth, size, shape. As for whether the treasures hidden in the tomb are as recorded in history books, and whether they were stolen, this is a riddle that cannot be solved until the day of excavation.
Qin Shi Huang’s tomb is a huge underground palace
According to Xinhua News Agency, the real tomb of the first emperor in Chinese history is under the mound of Qin Shi Huang’s mausoleum. The main body of the stone building’s tomb has not yet collapsed. Water ingress. The "Eighth Wonder of the World" Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum has long had a series of questions. Our country's scientific and technological workers used gravity, magnetic methods, high-density electrical methods and other geophysical and geochemical prospecting technologies. After a year of exploration and test verification, they finally revealed a series of questions about Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum. The mystery of the mausoleum.
On the 27th, Liu Shiyi, the person in charge of the "863" project of the Ministry of Science and Technology and a researcher with the China Geological Survey, said that based on this measurement and detection, "a big question can now be answered, that is, the underground palace of Qin Shihuang, The tomb is under the mound of earth." Preliminary assessment shows that the underground palace is located below the top of the earth sealing pile and its surroundings. The main excavation area is approximately 170 meters long from east to west and 145 meters wide from north to south. The main body of the excavation area and the tomb chamber are both rectangular in shape. The tomb chamber is located in the center of the underground palace.
The mystery of Qin Shihuang’s tomb is unveiled
The “Eighth Wonder of the World” Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has long had a series of questions, such as whether Qin Shihuang’s real tomb is under the mound of sealed earth and how deep the tomb is. , what is the structural size of the underground palace, and whether the tomb collapsed and flooded? After a year of exploration and verification, our country's scientific and technological workers finally revealed a series of mysteries about Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum.
According to project leader Liu Shiyi, a researcher at the China Geological Survey, this measurement detected obvious gravity anomalies caused by the backfilling of rammed earth after excavation of the underground palace, as well as elastic wave reflection anomalies, corresponding to the excavation range. There are obvious magnetic anomalies caused by the fine rammed earth wall of the earth mound, high resistivity anomalies caused by the tomb chamber, mercury anomalies within the excavation range, gravity anomalies and diffraction point anomalies caused by the palace walls. These anomalies, combined with known tomb passages, outline the outline of a huge underground complex. "Only a real tomb can have such a large and supporting underground building complex. Therefore, a big question can now be answered, that is, the underground palace and tomb of Qin Shihuang are under the mound of sealed earth."
Liu Shiyi said, preliminary According to the assessment, the underground palace is located below the top of the earth sealing pile and its surroundings. The main excavation area is approximately 170 meters long from east to west and 145 meters wide from north to south. The main body of the excavation area and the tomb chamber are both rectangular in shape. The tomb chamber is located in the center of the underground palace, with an altitude of 470 to 480 meters above sea level and a height of about 15 meters. It is about 80 meters long from east to west and 50 meters wide from north to south. The top of the palace wall has an altitude of about 471 meters, a height of about 16 meters, a width of about 8 meters, a length of about 145 meters from east to west, and a width of about 125 meters from north to south.
The fine rammed earth wall above the palace wall is basically the same position and scope as the palace wall, and is about 30 meters high. The abnormal distribution characteristics of mercury in the sealed soil pile detected by the measurement are intriguing: the strongest in the north and east, followed by the south and west, and the weakest in the north and west.
Liu Shiyi said that due to factors such as the scarcity of profiles except for the magnetic method, the lack of three-dimensional detection and inversion, and the failure to completely eliminate the artificial interference of the magnetic method, this survey only provides the location of the underground palace building, burial Depth, size, shape. As for whether the treasures hidden in the tomb are as recorded in history books, and whether they were stolen, this is a riddle that cannot be solved until the day of excavation.
Whether or not it depends on when you go in
The Qin Mausoleum Revealed
Eternal Secrets
In 210 BC, a man Qin Shihuang, the emperor who succeeded to the throne at the age of 13 and ruled for 28 years and personally created the unification of China through the ages, passed away with great ambitions. Although his life was only a short period of more than 50 years, he experienced the most magnificent scene in Chinese history. The mausoleum left after his death, which took 38 years to build, also completed a major gathering of ancient Chinese culture.
The past history and culture have been integrated here as never before.
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Qin Mausoleum Archeology In 40 years, only the tip of the iceberg has left a large number of treasures hidden underground
The country has begun large-scale exploration of underground cultural relics in the Qin Mausoleum. Relevant people said that our country has carried out cultural relic protection and archaeological investigation in the modern sense of the Qin Mausoleum for more than 40 years. Countless archaeological discoveries that have shocked China and foreign countries are just the tip of the iceberg in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, and a large number of treasures are still hidden deep underground.
The richness of burials in the Qin Mausoleum is rarely seen in the world
The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is the largest mausoleum in Chinese history. It took 38 years to build, and more than 700,000 migrant workers were used. The scale of the mausoleum is huge , the richness of the burials is rare in the world. The Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit as we know it is not the core area of ??the Qin Mausoleum.
It is understood that after more than 40 years of archaeological investigation and excavation research, archaeologists discovered two large and interlocking city walls, the inner city and the outer city, around the Qin Mausoleum. The area within it is about 2.13 square kilometers, forming the core area of ??Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum. The main sites and relics that have been discovered include the emperor's mausoleum seal, the bronze chariot pit, the dormitory hall, the toilet hall, the burial tomb area, the pit of rare birds and animals, and the armor pit. , the pit of 100 opera figurines, the pit of civil servants, etc.
It is revealed that these important discoveries are only the "tip of the iceberg" of the Qin Mausoleum. Within the outer city of the Qin Mausoleum alone, there are 1.3 million square meters that have not been explored for cultural relics, of which about 300,000 square meters The area is covered by villages. Since the construction of the Qin Mausoleum has gone through two periods before and after the Qin Dynasty, the overall layout of the cemetery appears to be insufficiently planned; compared with imperial mausoleums in the general sense, the scope of the Qin Mausoleum not only includes the cemetery itself, but also extends beyond the cemetery. With new discoveries happening again and again beyond people's imagination.
There are still a large number of cultural relics that have not been discovered in the Qin Mausoleum
Mr. Yuan Zhongyi, the honorary curator of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum and a famous archaeologist, judged that the scope of the Qin Mausoleum should be centered on the seal and extend to the east. Daiwang Town stretches from Dongguan, Lintong District to the west, Yuchi architectural ruins to the north, and Lishan Mountain to the south, covering a total area of ??approximately 56.25 square kilometers.
The important sites that have been excavated and explored outside the outer city include the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No. 1, 2 and 3, the Tonghe Pit, the Yuchi Ruins, the Stone Armor Processing Plant and a large number of architectural ruins. From the analysis of the discovered ruins, there should be a large number of ruins distributed underground in an area of ??about 17.5 square kilometers. It is a dense area of ??cultural relics and ruins closely related to the core area of ??the imperial mausoleum. However, due to limited conditions, only a small part of the area outside the outer city of Qinling has been explored, and the situation of underground cultural relics is not completely clear.
Archaeological drilling data shows that although the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang has suffered a certain degree of damage after more than 2,000 years of changes, the foundations of the inner and outer city walls have been relatively well preserved, and the seal itself has shown no signs of large-scale damage. Experts predict that there are still extremely rich precious cultural relics left and buried above and below ground, and have not been fundamentally destroyed. Relevant sources from the archaeological department revealed that they plan to complete the exploration task of Qin Mausoleum within 5 years, but this still depends on specific conditions.
The towering seals, the continuous rammed earth city walls, the majestic palaces and temples, the underground palace built through three springs, and the extravagant and luxurious funerary objects have become an eternal legend after the war in the last years of the Qin Dynasty. Mystery, the cemetery that used to be unprecedentedly grand has almost disappeared on the ground, except for the mountain-like land that stands alone at the foot of Lishan Mountain. It is a beautiful paradise for the soul of the world. As the owner takes a final call, it suddenly becomes hazy and blurry. . Facing this crystallization of ancient culture, for thousands of years, people have only been left with bursts of contemplation and emotion. The eternal secret has filled many people with daydreams. Nowadays, the historic breakthrough in the survey of the Qin Palace and Underground Palace has brought the entire mystery of the Qin Mausoleum in front of us at close range.
Qin Shihuang, the first emperor of China’s feudal society. During his lifetime, he wielded thousands of troops and swept across the world. "While talking and laughing, the boats and oars were turned into ashes...".
After his death, he left an unsolved mystery to future generations - the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang.
Surrounded by the Li Mountain in the south and the Weishui River in the north, the Qin Mausoleum is surrounded by towering mountains and blends in seamlessly with the mountains and rivers. Under the dignified green and tall twilight, how much of the emperor’s creation is hidden? Mystery?
All of this was isolated from the world after being sealed off in 210 BC.
For more than 2000 years, people have been exploring and working hard to uncover this mystery...
From 1962, when archaeologists conducted archaeological surveys of the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, to 1974 With the emergence of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, known as the "eighth wonder of the world", and the determination of the location of the Qin Mausoleum underground palace today, the mysteries of the "deep burial" of the Qin Mausoleum will be revealed one by one, but as an archaeologist said Said: "This may be a new beginning."
Road of Exploration
To the east of Xi'an, at the foot of Lishan Mountain, stands a lonely mound of sealed earth - this is the burial The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, the first emperor of China. For more than 2,000 years, the surrounding 56.25 square kilometers of the mausoleum has continued to surprise the world, making it even more mysterious.
The historical records about Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum are only a few words, which cannot satisfy people’s curiosity about it. Some folk legends only add more suspense.
According to Lu's "Historical Records": "When the First Emperor came to the throne, he passed through Lishan Mountain and united the world. He sent more than 700,000 people from all over the world, passed through three springs, and lowered copper into the coffin and palace. Watch the treasures filled with treasures and treasures from all the officials. Let the craftsmen make arrows to shoot at those who get close. Use mercury to infuse the rivers and seas, with astronomy on top and geography on the bottom. As a candle, those who cannot be destroyed will last for a long time."
"Hanshu Jiashan Biography" records: "(The First Emperor) died and was buried in Lishan Mountain, leaving hundreds of thousands of disciples for ten years. . The lower part is made of Sanquan mixed-color gold and stone, the inner part is smelted with copper, the outer part is coated with lacquer, it is covered with pearls and jade, and it is decorated with emeralds. The middle part is made of gold and stone, and the upper part is made of mountains and forests.”
From the fragments of history books. , we can only imagine the magnificence inside Qin Shihuang’s mausoleum. In addition to tens of thousands of rare treasures, the internal structure of the mausoleum is also quite ingenious. There are rivers and lakes made of mercury, various mechanisms, and so much mercury. How to get it in, how luxurious it is, especially the magnificent structure of the underground palace and the incredible records of funerary objects have left us endless reveries. These all constitute one of the biggest mysteries of pre-Qin culture. However, the mystery is not limited to this. The entire mausoleum area of ??Qin Shihuang's mausoleum reaches 56.25 square kilometers. How many things are there underground in this huge mausoleum area?
According to records, the cemetery was modeled after Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty. The imperial mausoleum was built with rammed earth. It covers an area of ??250,000 square meters and is 115 meters high. It is about the same height as a 30-story building. The huge mound of earth. Where did the land come from? The scale of this project and the difficulty of construction were huge. Could it be completed with the productivity level of the Qin Dynasty at that time?
In the legend, Xiang Yu once burned the Qin Mausoleum, but some people say that it was burned by the people who revolted to repair the mausoleum. Has the Qin Mausoleum been burned by humans? Then who burned it?
What draws people's attention even more is that the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, the first imperial cemetery in Chinese history, was so magnificent according to historical records that it was only officially listed as a "national first-level key cultural relics protection" in 1961. Unit", had anyone coveted the mausoleum before? Has the Qin Mausoleum ever been stolen?
This is all suspenseful.
The many mysteries surrounding Qin Shihuang have attracted generations of scholars to pursue their arduous pursuit and unremitting exploration.
According to media reports, as early as the Ming Dynasty, Mu Zhu conducted an on-site inspection of Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and recorded the specific dimensions of the inner and outer walls and gates of the cemetery. Since then, Japanese and French scholars have also conducted on-site measurements and surveys of the seal. "But their work is limited to the survey of ground buildings, and it does not involve the mausoleum and institutional aspects." A staff member of the Qinling Work Station told reporters, "This is only a superficial inspection and cannot solve people's problems. ”
In 1962, the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee organized a comprehensive archaeological survey of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum. During the investigation, ceramic pentagonal water pipes, stone thermal drainage pipes and three architectural ruins were discovered. This discovery preliminarily confirmed that Qin Shihuang's huge cemetery had a fairly scientific drainage system. According to literature, when the Qin Mausoleum was being built, in order to prevent underground water from entering the underground palace, there was a saying of passing through three springs. Archaeologists discovered that a dam was built around the underground palace of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum for nearly a week. When the underground palace was excavated, the water was drained along the canal. The karez used downstream was decades earlier than the discovery of karez in Xinjiang. The Qinling Mausoleum is high in the south and low in the north, so water can flow down through the drainage system. The design is quite perfect.
The discovery of the drainage system shocked archaeologists. In this case, the cultural relics in the Qin Mausoleum should not have been soaked in water, and if they do exist, they should be well preserved.
However, various historical materials record that the Qin Mausoleum was burned and damaged by fire and theft soon after it was built. The waterfowl pits and burial pits unearthed today all have traces of being burned. All the discoveries seem to indicate that Bad guess, this is a reality that no one wants to see. However, relevant experts have questioned the records of Xiang Yu's excavation of the Qin Mausoleum. General Xiang Yu has been in Shaanxi for several months. Does he have time to organize large-scale excavations? According to historical records, the Red Eyebrow Army, Later Zhao Shile and Shi Jini all robbed the Qin Mausoleum.
This statement casts another shadow over Qin Ling.
March 27, 1974, was a day destined to change the archaeological history of the Qin Mausoleum. While farmers in Xiyang Village were digging a well, a farmer named Yang Zhifa discovered pottery fragments and pottery figurine heads. They didn't pay attention at the time, but a cadre in charge of water conservancy reported it to the county cultural bureau. Zhao Kangmin, a person destined to be written into the archaeological history of the Qin Mausoleum, keenly felt that this might be part of the tombs of the Qin Mausoleum. It was at this moment that the eighth wonder of the world - the Qinling Terracotta Warriors and Horses - appeared. More than 500 pottery figurines, 24 pottery horses, 6 chariots and a large number of weapons, under the shovel heads of archaeologists, preliminarily demonstrated the Qin State's military strength in an unprecedented majesty.
The appearance of Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors and Horses shocked the world. People admired the Qin Dynasty’s majestic momentum and exquisite craftsmanship. At the same time, they were full of expectations and longing for the historical reappearance of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum. A terracotta warriors and horses burial pit can attract the attention of the world and is called the eighth wonder of the world. People have more reason to believe how spectacular it will be once the buried underground Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum is completely "rediscovered". Detection and investigation work on the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum Really taken seriously.
In the days that followed, surprises came one after another.
In July 1974, a preliminary investigation was conducted on the Menque ruins near No. 71 East of the outer city of the cemetery. It was discovered that the gate foundation stones, stone strips and other architectural relics unearthed by farmers during the process of leveling the land were found. The inner city was determined through measurement. range and palace ruins.
In 1976, 80 stable pits were discovered on the east side of the cemetery. Adding to the discoveries made over the years, 98 were finally identified. Through partial excavation, the first batch of accompanying tomb information was unearthed.
The archaeological work in the cemetery in 1978 was still fruitful. Lian Ji discovered several large tombs, including the cemetery of the people who built the mausoleum in Yaochitou, verifying the information recorded in historical records that all the migrant workers who built the mausoleum were executed.
In 1980, exploration started on the south side of the seal. At the beginning of the year, the southern wall of the underground palace began to take shape. Later, 33 small tombs were discovered in the inner city and two painted bronze chariots and horses were successfully excavated and extracted.
......
In the past 40 years of surveying and excavation of the Qin Mausoleum, only 600 burial pits and tombs of various types were discovered underground in and around the Qin Mausoleum. More than 50,000 cultural relics of various types were unearthed. The Qin Mausoleum's burial pits are extremely rich in cultural connotation, and reproduce the life of Qin Shihuang to a large extent during his lifetime. The carriages and horses, the central stables, the horns and the low yiyu, the military arsenal, the military uniforms, the animal sacrifices, etc., paint a picture. A richly colored picture of the Qin Dynasty in its heyday.
However, these discoveries are only on the periphery of the cemetery. What exactly is the underground palace of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum—that is, the core of the imperial mausoleum—has become one of the biggest mysteries of the Qin Mausoleum so far.
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