Teaching objectives:
Knowledge and abilities:
1. Understand the causes of Chen She’s uprising and the main situations after the uprising
2 2. Understand the cutting method of recording things in detail and directly.
3. Understand the similarities and differences between novels and historical biographies.
Process and methods:
Reading method
Emotional attitudes and values:
Understanding the significance of the Dazexiang Uprising
Teaching ideas
1. Arrange three class periods
2. Adopt a holistic approach, and complete reading, reading, narration, and analysis in each "cycle".
3. Focus on highlighting some words, phrases, and sentences, and avoid egalitarian explanations word for word, sentence by sentence, and paragraph by paragraph. If there are annotations, we will not teach them. Students will use the annotations to understand the text. Use an example of different sentence fragmentation to expand your horizons and accumulate knowledge.
4. Introduce reading of literary works related to the text and cultivate interest in reading. Improve reading level.
First lesson
Teaching points
1. Understand the general situation of "Historical Records".
2. Read the text thoroughly, understand the words, and clarify the levels.
Teaching content and steps
1. Introduce the new lesson (combine the effect of checking the reading tips and annotating the self-reading text in the preview) and teach reading.
Questions: 1. Who is the author of "Historical Records"? What era is he from? 2. Who is recorded in the "Aristocratic Family" part of "Historical Records"? Why does the author include Chen She in the "Aristocratic Family"? 3. The text describes the course of Chen She's uprising, and what related characters are also recorded? Who among these characters has the closest relationship with Chen She? Requirements: Students should be able to answer simple questions without reading the textbook, and be able to perform "Wu Guang" and "Ge Ying" on blackboard with correct glyphs and strokes. Then, we will guide you through the reading tips and title annotations, which not only deepens your impression, but also triggers the need for knowledge from the annotation "He spent his whole life writing the first biographical general history of our country" and introduces "Historical Records".
Narration: About "Historical Records" in the Han Dynasty, Sima Qian's father Sima Yi served as the Taishi Ling and died. Sima Qian succeeded to this official position. Taishi Ling is the official in charge of astronomy, calendar, national classics, and compilation of historical annals. When Sima Qian was 46 years old, he was imprisoned and severely punished due to his involvement in the Li Ling incident (it is only appropriate to give a brief introduction and a minimum explanation, no need to elaborate). Later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pardoned Sima Qian because he was very talented and appointed him as Zhongshu Jin (in charge of the emperor's clerical edicts). After being punished, Sima Qian was determined to continue his father's career and write history books. Finally, he finally wrote the legend The complete history of China covers about three thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to the present day. Calendar, etc.), 10 tables (arranging historical materials in tabular form). Among them, the last part of the biography is "Taishi Gong's Preface", which is an autobiography. (Related to the old lesson: China's first chronological historical work is "Zuo Zhuan") When telling, students take brief notes; after the telling, students (seats next to each other) review the notes by name, and the teacher and students ** *Same as revised.
Read aloud: Name (students with intermediate level) to read through the entire text. If there are any obstacles in reading, please help to "pass it" in time to maintain a good atmosphere in the classroom. On the basis of previewing the first reading, deepen the impression of the text again. 2. After reading, understand any problems and solve them in time. This will lead to the exercises after the text and solve the third question (oral) and fifth question of "Comparison and Analysis" Questions (written). (You can read more in the "Teacher's Manual" and will not copy them again here.) After solving the two questions, new practice content will be presented.
2. Exercises
Tip: Words have their own meanings, but to understand them, they must be placed in the sentence and text. The words listed below have different interpretations in different combinations.
1. : Go, go.
2 Weihenzhi: It refers to nothing and has no real meaning. It does not need to be translated in vernacular.
3. "Hung Goose's ambition". ".
4 The second generation killed him: Gedai people or things, he or it. It should be said that "the second generation killed him. He, refers to Fusu", cannot be said
"The second generation killed Fusu", "zhi" does not mean "Fusu"
Question: "The people of Chu pity him", "It's a ghost of divination", "Kill him in response to Chen She." ", which of the explanations of "的" in these three sentences is the same as the above examples 1-4? (Answer: 4)
The purpose of the exercises here is: (1) See the full text , comparison before and after, easy to distinguish. (2) Comprehensive mastery, highlighting individual, helps to consolidate. When doing exercises, students should not only explain the answers, but also encourage students to put the words. In sentences and texts, the same method can be used to avoid the tendency to talk too much about ancient Chinese grammar.
Yes
1. Nai entered and occupied Chen: Only then did he enter (occupy) Chen County
2. Nai practiced divination: So he went to ask for divination
3. It’s the young master Fusu: It’s the young master Fusu
4. (Don’t Don't forget to report family sacrifices) Naiweng: Your father
List "Naimou said", "Nai falsely called the young master Fusu", "Nai ordered Fu Liren to admire Ying", "Nai" The meaning of the word is the same as "2" in the above example.
In addition to the above "zhi" and "nai", this method can also be used to achieve the purpose of consolidation when understanding the "number" in the text. Comparing the different pronunciations and meanings of "numbering has merit" and "tens of thousands of people", we can find that "number" in "counting has merit" and "numbering has merit" have the same pronunciation and meaning.
Third, guide the text again and teach reading.
Tip: The original text was not divided into paragraphs. Now, it has been compiled into the textbook and divided into paragraphs, which is helpful for reading comprehension. Requirements: Provide the main content of each paragraph. Read silently, the speed can be faster, speak to clarify the level of the article: 1. Use inner dynamics, dialogues, and actions to describe Chen She's mood and express the ambition of the narrator, Chen She. (Explanation: This article is not a joint biography. The author of the biography is only Chen She. Because Wu Guang was closely related to Chen She’s uprising and subsequent actions, the Li family is also mentioned at the beginning) 2. Focusing on dialogue, it describes in detail the preparations before the uprising, including the environment, analysis of the situation, conspiracy planning, and creation of public opinion. 3. Use dialogue and narrative methods to write about the process of the uprising and the good situation after the uprising. The narrative is true, vivid and organized, which are the characteristics of "Historical Records". Therefore, people not only regard it as an immortal historical work, but also evaluate it as a work of high literary value.
Read quickly and silently, experience the hierarchy and vividness of the narrative, and pay attention to the pronunciation of the words. After reading it, I pointed out: Jie is the simplified word for borrow (commonly used in classical Chinese). It is often interpreted as "if". It is pronounced as , not ji. But the "book" of the book is not simplified and must be read ji. 邂, pronounced zan. The "degree" that has expired is pronounced uuo. Shi is a pseudonym for "relegated", pronounced z e, and has nothing to do with "suit" in the text. Shi has two pronunciations: pronounced kuo, it is often used as a person’s name; now it is also used as the simplified character for “Shi”, which should be pronounced sh. "Shi" cannot replace "relegated" and should become Zh.
4. Discussion (this content is suitable for higher-level classes).
In the article, "In July of the first year of the Second Emperor, Falu Zuo Shi garrisoned 900 people in Yuyang and settled in Daze Township." According to the Chinese version of the Twenty-Four Histories, the sentence is as follows: "In July of the first year of the Second Emperor, , sent Lu Zuoshi to garrison Yuyang, and nine hundred people settled in Daze Township. "Compared with each other, which sentence has a clearer meaning? Thinking, discussing, speaking, and concluding: the latter is better. According to history, the Qin Dynasty promoted military campaigns and mobilized the people to garrison, which made the people miserable. The 900 people in Dian Daze Township were only part of them. Reading the three words "nine hundred people" in succession can better clarify the historical facts at that time. If the word "nine hundred people" belongs to the upper digit, it can be understood that only nine hundred people were recruited to Yuyang at that time. It can be seen from this that when reading the sentence fragments of ancient books, one must think over and over again and combine them with historical facts. This is the method that should be understood in reading.
5. Assign homework
Refer to the fourth question after the text, try to fill it in, and prepare to describe the main content of the text. When speaking, you should pay attention to the "preface", that is, clarify the text paragraphs and the various levels within the paragraphs, so as to reflect the author's appropriate arrangement of the materials.
Second Lesson
Teaching Points
1. Exercise oral skills.
2. Understand the details of material selection.
Teaching content and steps
1. Introduction of new lessons (combined with checking homework)
Questions: Check the text and fill in the situation of question 1 of question 4, Fill in the answers clearly (see "Teacher's Manual"), and speak orally on this basis.
2. New course content
1. Narration training: Name one person to tell the story of "Chen She's Uprising" with the title "Daze Township". Requirements: clear and coherent, focused, consistent with historical facts, not exaggerating, and the development process of events is clear-cut. After the lecture, students comment and the teacher summarizes. Criteria for comments: The process is orderly, the facts are clear, the articulation is clear, the language is fluent, the preparation and actions of the uprising can be focused on, and the rest is only briefly discussed.
2 Reading training: Read the full text separately, and then read aloud by name. Requirements: Pay attention to the second paragraph and the first half of the third paragraph ("Wu Guang loves my dear" to "Collect and attack Qi"), use intonation, tone, Speak at a rate that engages the listener.
3. Summary (combination of narration and questions): (1) Writing style; proper tailoring. Describe in detail the deliberations and public opinion preparations before the uprising, and the specific process of the uprising. Others, such as servant farming, favoring land, fighting Qiaomen, punishing Qin officials, etc., are briefly mentioned. Written in this way, it shows the author's historical talent, good at tailoring historical materials, and highlights the main content of the uprising. (2) Vivid description: What is described in detail in the article is the psychology, speech, and actions of the characters; other abbreviations are only general descriptions. Writing in this way shows that the author is good at highlighting key points, writes vividly, and has literary talent. (3) Clear logic: "The sparrow knows the ambition of the dove", a sentence expressed by the character himself, runs through the whole article.
Before the uprising, missing deadlines was the trigger. When planning, determining the big plan based on the "bitter Qin" means being good at analyzing the situation. When preparing, the green fire, fox and silk script are good at creating public opinion.
During the uprising, Wu Guang first "disgusted the lieutenant" and then Chen Sheng assisted him in killing the lieutenant. He immediately summoned everyone to obey his orders. The sentence "Princes, generals, Xiang Ning, etc. have the guts" wrote that he was good at seizing the opportunity and his ambition. Killing the lieutenant first and then issuing the call will make things easier to accomplish (if the lieutenant is called first and the lieutenant is not killed, the effect will be different), which shows that he is good at planning and careful design. The following is written in time, and it is natural to establish yourself as a king in time. In short, writing like this shows the author's "ambition of a dove", and at the same time, it also shows order. The predecessors commented that Sima Qian was good at prefacing affairs and praised him for being "straightforward in his writing and careful in his affairs", which is indeed worthy of his praise. (Just click here, we will talk about it below)
3. Homework
Read the text repeatedly after class.
The third lesson
Teaching points
1. Read Mao Dun’s short story "Daze Township" by yourself.
2. Compare the similarities and differences between novels and historical biographies.
Teaching content and steps
1. Introduction of new lessons
Narration: Mao Dun wrote the short story "Daze Township" in 1930. At that time, it was in the early stages of the second civil revolutionary war. The peasants' revolutionary consciousness was gradually awakening, and their resistance to reactionary rule was gradually increasing. It is now copied (or transcribed) from the 1980 People's Literature Edition of "Collection of Mao Dun's Short Stories" and distributed to readers.
2. New lesson content
Students read "Daze Township People". Requirements: read it silently 2-3 times, compare it with "Historical Records: Chen She Family", and see what the similarities and differences are. You can consider the subject matter, genre, writing method, etc. To consider this aspect, draw lines under the text (single horizontal lines and curved lines are according to each person's own usage habits), and text can also be used to briefly describe key points in the left and right blank spaces. There is no need to set questions and limit the answer content. Let students' ideas be active and free to run, and thus arouse students' interest. After reading, discuss in a low voice and then speak. The teacher walks around to understand the situation while students are discussing so as to help summarize. The summary and conclusion can be summarized as follows:
1. Subject: Same, Chen She revolted against Qin in Daze Township.
2. Materials: The text is excerpted from biographies, with more material than "Daze Township". "Daze Township" is a short story. It selects a "cross-section" and focuses on the Daze Township Uprising. It is not like a biography that also writes about things other than the uprising (such as residence, servant farming, marching, becoming king, etc.) < /p>
3. Genre: "The Chen She Family" is a biography, which must describe the biography's life story, so the length depends on the number of life stories of the biography. "Daze Township" is a short story, and its length is limited by the characteristics of the genre.
4 Characters: According to the style of historical biography, "The Chen She Family" begins with a brief introduction to the biography (this article includes people with close relationships due to necessity, but this cannot be regarded as " "Joint Biography"), with the author's deeds running through the entire text. Osawa Township}) first describes the environment, and the escorting officer "appears" first. Then as the storyline unfolds, the protagonist Chen Shengcai appears. Sometimes a scene describes other people, and the protagonist does not need to appear.
5. Writing method: "The Chen She Family" follows the requirements of "history" and pays attention to "real records". Although the text 4 describes people's dialogues, actions, etc., the purpose is not to describe, but only to narrate, let alone imagination, and does not use literary and artistic creation. method. There are descriptions of scenery in "Daze Township", either to explain the environment for the development of the plot, or to combine this description with the psychological activities of the characters to express the characters' personalities. The author describes the appearance, movements, and psychology of the characters, depicts the characters, and gives them reasonable imagination. For example, the first part describes the characters of the two officers, their ideological activities, and their opposition to the soldiers; the second part describes the resentment of the soldiers; the third part describes the officers secretly discussing how to trap and kill the garrison soldiers; the fourth part writes Scenes of the uprising.
6 Center: "The Chen She Family" is intended to reflect historical facts, while "Ze Zexiang" highlights the themes of class antagonism and class contradictions.
Summary (mainly narration): Read "The Chen She Family" only from this excerpt of the text. We have been able to initially appreciate the characteristics of "Historical Records": "The writing is straight, the facts are true, there is no false beauty, no hidden evil, so it is called a true record." Because of his high achievements in both history and literature, Lu Xun Call it "the historian's swan song". "Daze Township" writes about big events in a short space, and the author is very creative. It also incorporates some historical events into the article, which is written very naturally. For example, in the 36th year of the First Emperor of Qin, the people complained about Qin and used rumors of falling stars from the sky as death stones. An envoy traveled through the sky at night and heard an immortal saying that the ancestor dragon (referring to the First Emperor of Qin) should die; General Meng Tian led a large reclamation to garrison the border. One of Qin's harsh policies. The author also borrows the words of Mei Fu in the Han Dynasty (in favor of Tai'a) to criticize the rulers of Qin. He uses these historical events to strengthen the anti-Qin atmosphere, but they are different from the actual records of the characters' actions in the biography. The author also wrote some thought-provoking sentences in the work. For example, "But the flood of Yan Zuo's slaves was too big, too big", "The underground fire broke out", etc.
3. Homework
Guidance Use the "General List of Simplified Chinese Characters" to explain to students: the use of simplified Chinese characters should be based on the "General List" officially promulgated by the country on October 10, 1986. Three characters should be corrected in the copy (mimeograph) of "Daze Township", "Xiang" should be changed to "IXIANG", the word "Liao" in "Looking" should not be changed to "LE", and the simplified character of "LUO" should be changed to "寰" instead of "LUO".
In addition, the subtitles of movies and TV shows, and product descriptions often contain simplified characters that should not be used. You should pay attention to them and do not be affected by them. If you find that they do not meet the requirements of the "General List", you can use a kind attitude to put forward opinions and requests. correct.