About the details of Yang Wanli, we will introduce you from the following aspects:
I. Yang Wanli's Poems
Xiao Chi, Jingci Temple sent Lin Zifang, and Prime Minister Yu Shi wrote three poems, taking a nap in early summer, going to the garden in early autumn, sleeping in Xincheng shop in early summer, boating peacefully, willows, something close, showing your resentment and twilight.
Second, outstanding deeds.
The four great masters of ZTE had a great influence at that time. His poems are as famous as those of Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Mao, and they are called "Four Masters of Zhongxing" (Four Masters of Southern Song Dynasty). At first, he imitated Jiangxi Poetry School. Later, he realized the shortcomings of Jiangxi Poetry School, such as the difficulty in pursuing form. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), he burned more than one thousand of his representative poems and decided to jump out of the trap of Jiangxi Poetry School and find another way. In the preface of Jing Xi Ji, he once recalled his own creative path: "His poems began to learn from the philosophers in Jiangxi, as well as the five-character law of Houshan (Chen Shidao), the seven-character quatrains of an old man in the Mid-Levels (Wang Anshi) and the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. When I was writing poetry in the Reform Movement of 1898, I suddenly realized that people in the Tang Dynasty were politely declining, and gentlemen from Wang, Chen and Jiangxi were afraid to learn, and then I was as happy as ever. " He also made it very clear in his poem: "I am ashamed to pass on the story, and the writer has his own romantic feelings." Tao (Qian) thanked (Lingyun) in his early days. "("Xu Gansu Poetry Postscript (III) "is precisely because he does not follow others' heels, leans against others' fences, and dares not turn around and innovate, and finally forms his own poetic style, which is simple, colloquial and ingenious, and is called" Chengzhai Style ". It promoted the change of poetic style at that time.
Profound knowledge Yang Wanli is knowledgeable and talented. His works are varied, including "A Thousand Troops Return, Overthrow the Three Gorges, Wear the Heavenly Heart, Wear the Moon Hole" and so on. There is also a gesture that writes about people's feelings, which is readily available, but can write beautiful lyrics. The poetic style is simple and natural, ingenious in conception, humorous, fresh and lively, with strong artistic appeal. He also paid great attention to learning the advantages of folk songs and absorbed a lot of vivid oral proverbs in his poems. Therefore, his works are often "slang sayings, from the mouth" (Jiang Hongao's "Han Tang Poetry"), giving people a simple and natural feeling. Such as: "the bright moon shines on Kyushu, and several families are happy and several are sad; I am worried that the killing is related to the moon, so I have to take a rest. " (Song of Zhi Zhu) is a completely blurted out folk song, which reflects his achievements in learning folk songs. Some of Yang Wanli's existing poems directly express his patriotic feelings and concern for current politics. In particular, when he was the escort of Ambassador He of the State of Jin, he crossed the Huaihe River for the first time and went north to meet the ambassador. He saw with his own eyes that the great rivers and mountains of the Song Dynasty fell into the hands of the Jin people, and the Huaihe River became the northern boundary of the Southern Song Dynasty. People of the same flesh and blood on both sides of the strait can't travel freely, and they have written many patriotic poems, such as: "People are not happy to go to the Huaihe River when the ship is away from the beach of Hongze; Why is Sanggan far away, and the north of the middle stream is the end of the world! " "Ships on both sides of the strait are running backwards, and it is difficult to negotiate the wave standard. Only the gull heron flies freely from north to south. " (The first time I entered the Huaihe River) When I passed by the Jinshan in Zhenjiang, I saw that the picturesque pavilion in Jinshan had become a place dedicated to making tea for the golden envoy, and I wrote indignantly: "Dajiang is ashamed of others! The poem "Golden Mountain Worries for Others" ("Snow Ji Xiao Deng Jin Mountain") profoundly lashed the humiliating little court in the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, Wan Li's Crossing the Yangtze River, Poems by the Prime Minister, Two Poems by Jiang, Poems by Su Mu Niu Ting, Poems by Qin Taishi Fenan, etc. , are masterpieces of famous artists, pinning their thoughts on their home country, or calling for the war of resistance and revival, or praising the generals who died for resisting the enemy, or satirizing traitors and traitors.
Concerned about people's livelihood, he also has some poems reflecting the lives of working people, expressing his concern for people's livelihood and sympathy for working people. Such as Compassion for Peasants, Looking at Crops, Peasants' Sigh, Autumn Rain Sigh, Compassion for Drought, Songs of Bamboo Branches, Songs of Transplanting Rice, etc. , with high ideological and artistic. But the latter two kinds of works are few.
Existing Poems Yang Wanli's existing poems are mostly lyric works and entertainment works praising Yue. Some themes in this part of the works are too detailed, lacking a high degree of artistic generalization and superficial. But he also has many lyric poems, which are interesting and touching because of careful observation, vivid description and sincere feelings. For example, "Plum teeth are sour and soft, and bananas are divided into green screens. I slept for a long time and thought mercilessly, watching children catch willow branches. " ("Taking a nap in early summer") "You can't see the truth clearly outside the fog, and you can only recognize Qiancun by chickens and dogs. The frost on the ferry is like snow, which is the first mark of my green shoes. " ("Gengzi crossed the river at dawn on the fifth day of the first month") "In the spring rain, people are drunk in plum blossoms and bamboo shadows." (New Year's Eve) are all round and natural, fresh and lively, full of thoughts, which are different from those poets who specialize in describing the wind, clouds and the moon. In modern times.
Iii. Introduction
Yang Wanli (1 127-1206), whose real name is Ting Xiu, is Zhai Chengren. Jizhou, Jiangxi (now huangqiao town _ Tangcun, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province). Great poet of Southern Song Dynasty. Shaoxing was a scholar in the 24th year (1 154). Dr. Guo Zi, Dr. Tai Chang, Dr. Tai Changcheng and the right assistant minister of the official department promoted the tea and salt business in Changping, Guangdong Province, and raised some prisons and foreign ministers of the official department. Oppose the use of iron money to travel to counties in the south of the Yangtze River, change to Ganzhou, not go, resign and go home and live in the village. In the history of China literature, he, Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Mao are also called "Four Great Masters in Southern Song Dynasty" and "Four Great Masters in Zhongxing". He wrote more than 25,000 poems, only a few of which have survived.
Chun _ worked in Guangdong for six years (1 179) to eleven years, and found that there were no barracks outside Huizhou and Chaozhou, and all soldiers lived in the city, so he asked for permission to build barracks outside all rural areas, and soldiers were not allowed to move to the city. He has written many well-known poems in Huizhou, such as Bai Hefeng, You Dongpo's Former Residence, Xiezhou Huizhou New Bridge and You Hufeng. Among them, "You Hu Feng" is one of the famous sentences of Huizhou West Lake in past dynasties: "The three lakes are of the same color, Qiantang is full of water, and Dongpo was originally the first of the West Lake, and it took a break to reach Luofu." His poems had a great influence in Huizhou and were enshrined in Jingxian Temple in the West Lake.
Fourth, life
Yang Wanli has been a scholar in Shaoxing for twenty-four years. He was awarded the secretariat of Ganzhou and later transferred to Lingling County, Yongzhou. Zhang Jun was encouraged and taught by him. After Xiaozong acceded to the throne, Zhang Jun entered the phase and recommended Yang Wanli as the prefect of Lin 'an. Before his appointment, he was mourned by his father, and after his service, he changed his knowledge to Fengxin County. Main road for six years (1 170), served as Dr. Guo Zi, started as a Beijing official, and soon moved to Taichang City, where he was transferred to at least the prison. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), it was announced that Zhangzhou was known and Changzhou was known. In six years, he raised tea and salt in Changping, Guangdong Province, suppressed the Shen Shi Rebel Army and was promoted to a prison in Guangdong Province. Soon, his mother lost his job, and he was recalled to the official department and promoted to a doctor. In May of the twelfth year (1 185), he wrote a letter to deal with the earthquake, talked about ten things about current politics, advised Xiao Zonggu to put aside urgent matters and prepare for the enemy, resolutely opposed some people's suggestions of abandoning Huai River and surrendering to the Yangtze River, and advocated selecting talents and actively preparing for war. The following year, he served as a detailed inspector of the Privy Council and a servant of the prince. Fourteen years (1 187), I moved to a secretary with less supervision. When Emperor Gaozong collapsed, Wanli accused Hong Mai of "referring to the deer as a horse" for Zhang Jun's due enjoyment of the temple sacrifice, which annoyed Xiao Zong and made him know about Yunzhou (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi). Guangzong acceded to the throne and was called secretary supervisor. Shao Xiyuan (1 190) was appointed as the ambassador of Jin Guo and Zheng Dan, and was also the auditor of the Recording Institute. Finally, because Xiaozong was dissatisfied with him, it was an agreement of Jiangdong transshipment. The imperial court wanted to cast iron coins in counties in the south of the Yangtze River. Yang Wanli thought it inconvenient, refused to serve the imperial edict and changed to Ganzhou. Seeing that his ambition could not be put to good use, Wanli refused to go to his post and begged for a shrine official (no actual official position, only receiving a salary, which is equivalent to retirement) and returned. From then on, he stopped being an official and refused to go when he was called to Beijing several times. In the second year of the Jubilee (1206), he died in anger because he hated Han Zhou for playing politics and making mistakes in his own country. The official finally commended Mo Ge's law teacher and posthumously awarded Dr. Guanglu. .
Today, there are more than 4,200 poems, many of which express patriotic feelings. His poems, such as The First Four-quatrain of Huaihe River, Looking at the Yangtze River Bridge, Crossing the Yangtze River, Dusk Rain and Clear Sky, are full of thoughts and artistry. I have also written some poems that reflect the life of working people, such as Seven Poems for Boating on a Rainy Night, Ten Explanations of Ding Wei's Ci Poems and Song of Transplanting Rice, which show sympathy for farmers' hard life, such as Sigh of Farmers and Sigh of Autumn Rain. At the same time, there are also brisk landscape poems, such as "Passing Lingjiu Temple", and once wrote two poems "Sulingjiu Temple": One cloud: "At first, it was suspected that the night rain suddenly turned, and the mountain spring rang at night. Flowing to western Guizhou, I didn't say a word, and there was a lot of noise in the mountains. " Yang Wanli, a beginner of Jiangxi Poetry School, focuses on the rhythm of words. After the age of 50, his poetic style has changed, from imitating predecessors to imitating nature, forming a unique and sincere style. Chengzhai pays attention to the so-called "living method", that is, he is good at capturing fleeting interests and expressing them in humorous and simple language. For example, "Ba Fengbo": "Fengbo advised you to have a glass of wine, why bother to play a bad drama and shock poetry!" It fully embodies the characteristics of Chengzhai style. Cheng Zhai's Poetry Talk is not devoted to poetry creation, but it also has some literary theories. His poems are famous for Wuxi Fu and Hai Fu. There are only 15 poems written today, which are fresh and interesting, quite similar to his poems. He is also good at easy learning, such as the Yi Zhuan of Cheng Zhai, which has been criticized by scholars for its historical proof. Zhai Chengji has 133 volumes (including various styles of poems 10), and there are four series; Poems of Yang Wenjie (42 volumes), printed from Qianlong to Qianlong; "Cheng Zhai Yi Zhuan" has 20 volumes, and there is a Song version of the book pavilion; The volume of Zhai Cheng Shi Hua is 1, which is a continuation of the poetry talks of past dynasties.
Yang Wanli advocated the war of resistance all his life and opposed kneeling and surrendering. In many books, strategies and articles he gave to the emperor, he lamented Chen Jiazhi's illness many times, strongly criticized the mistake of surrender, and his patriotism was beyond words. He is an honest official and tries his best not to disturb the people. At that time, the poet Ji Xu praised him as "clear as water and poor as gold". After the completion of the Jiangdong transfer agreement, he should have had a large sum of money, but he abandoned it in the official treasury and did not return a penny. He is open-minded, outspoken, critical and reckless, so he can never be of great use. In fact, he didn't work hard as an official. When he was an official in Beijing, he was always ready to lose his official position. So, he prepared his way home from Hangzhou in advance, locked it in a box and hid it in his bedroom. His family was not allowed to buy anything, for fear that his luggage would be cumbersome when he left his post and returned home. Later, during the fifteen years when Han Zhou was in power, Han Xinjian Nanyuan asked him to write a "record" and promised to reward senior officials. Wan Li insisted on not doing it, saying that "officials can be abandoned and' recording' is not allowed." To stop a few things, you can imagine him as a person. Ge, a poet, boasts "a backbone like a stone" (see Collection of Sages in Southern Song Dynasty). Ge Wu Huai Ji), this is not a beautiful word.
Yang Wanli loved the countryside all his life. Such as "Compassion for Heaven and Compassion for People", "Crossing White Sands with Bamboo Skills", "Four Seasons Songs" and "Playing Yangko" which describe the hardships of farmers' lives. Write about the sufferings and joys of farmers.
In the spring of the 24th year of Shaoxing (AD 1 154), Yang Wanli was a scholar.
In twenty-six years (AD 1 156), he was awarded the title of Ganzhou secretariat and joined the army.
Twenty-nine years (A.D. 1 159) in October, Liling County, Yongzhou. At that time, Zhang Po, the hawkish leader, lived in Yongzhou and closed his door. Yang Wanli went to worship him for thirst three times, but he couldn't see him. After that, he wrote to ask him and was introduced by his son Zhang Wan. Zhang Jun said to him: "Fu Yuan is a noble man, and those with golden waist and purple waist are no different, but Zou and Chen Ying are glory for the sun and the moon!" (Luo Dajing's "He Lu" Volume I) At the same time, he encouraged him to learn "sincerity". Yang Wanli listened to his teachings all his life, so he named his reading room "Chengzhai" to show his ambition. Living in Hengzhou at that time, Yang Wanli asked him to write Zhai Chengji. Zhang Jun and Hu Quan, two patriotic ministers, became the role models for Yang Wanli's lifelong study. Shaoxing
In June of the thirty-second year (A.D. 1 162), Emperor Zhao Gou of Gaozong abdicated, and the political situation in the Southern Song Dynasty changed greatly. Filial piety acceded to the throne, determined to recover, and used Zhang Jun as the Tang Dynasty envoy, and soon made him a relative. In the autumn of the first year of Longxing (1 163), Yang Wanli left Lingling and moved to Lin 'an. Zhang Jun recommended, except Professor Lin An. Before taking up his post, he returned to Jishui in the first month of the following year because his father was ill. On August 4, my father died and was recuperating at home. "For three years, the home is not closed, you're welcome." ). In the spring of the third year of the main road (A.D. 1 167), Yang Wanli went to Lin 'an, and he was eager to meet the Tang Dynasty deputy envoys, pivot the carpet and make Yu, and discuss political "thousand thoughts". There are 30 articles in the "Strategy for the Former Division", including: monarch's way, national conditions, radical cure, talents, ministers, generals, soldiers, officials under control, law selection, criminal law, redundant officials and civil affairs. After reading it, he said admiringly, "There are such figures in the southeast! If you recommend two people from the beginning, this person should be the person in charge. " (Volume 4, Part B of "He Lu")
In the sixth year of Avenue (A.D. 1 170), Yang Wanli was relieved of the order of Fengxin County in Longxing Prefecture. Just in time for the new drought, people's lives are very difficult. When Yang Wanli took office on April 26th, he saw that the prison was full of people who couldn't pay the rent, but the government-the national treasury was still empty, knowing that it was caused by exploitation among officials. So he ordered all the "prisoners" in the prison to be put back, and it was forbidden to catch people and whip the people. Then he sent a notice to every household to relax the tax amount and time limit. As a result, the people paid taxes voluntarily and paid all the taxes they owed within one month. Although Feng Xin has only been in office for half a year, he first practiced his own politics of not disturbing the people and achieved great success. In the same year 10, Yang Wanli began to do court work outside his doctor's office because of the recommendation of his right-hand man Yu. The following year, Zhang was pushed out of Zhizhou because he opposed Hou Xing's appointment as an important post and offended Yu. Yang Wanli resisted Zhang's improper dismissal from office and wrote a letter to Yu, urging him to teach a good lesson and not to care about personal interests, which was praised by the world. In July, he transferred to Dr. Taichang; In eight years, Mardam was promoted to assistant minister. In April, 1999, he will be transferred to juvie.
In the first month of the first year of Xichun (1 174), in addition to knowing the state, he did not forget to write a letter when he left, urging the emperor to abstain from corruption and honesty. After his illness, he didn't go to work and lived at home for three years. In the spring of four years, Xichun came to Changzhou.
In the sixth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 179), in addition to promoting tea salt in Changping, Guangdong. Yang Wanli left Changzhou with his family in February, staying for nearly a year, and left Jishui for Guangdong in the first month of seven years. 1February, 988, he was transferred to Guangdong for custody. In winter, Fujian "stole" Shen Shi to Meizhou, and he led the troops to settle down. He was called "the courage of the benevolent" by Xiaozong and was given a secret cabinet. 1In July, 999, her stepmother died and left her post in mourning. In the 11th year of Xichun (A.D. 1 184), he was dismissed from the army in October, and was called to Beijing as the right lang of Shangshu, and later as the foreign lang of the official department. In May of 12th year, he wrote letters to discuss current affairs, except the official department minister, both at home and abroad. Wang Huai, the prime minister of Sai Xiang, asked "What is the prime minister's top priority", and Yang Wanli answered with "Talent's top priority", and listed the books recommending Jinshi, and recommended 60 people including Zhu Jiao, all of whom were upright people. Filial piety encouraged him to study for the prince, who wrote the word "Chengzhai". In the thirteenth year of Xichun, he was transferred to the Privy Council to inspect the detailed palace. He has served as a right doctor and a left doctor in Shangshu Province, and still serves as an attendant in the East Palace. 14 years 10 months as a supervisor. /kloc-in March of 0/5, Xiaozong accepted the advice of Hong Mai, a bachelor of Hanlin, and suggested that Lv Yihao and others go to the Gaozong Temple to worship. Yang Wanli won the cooperation of Zhang Jun, the main battle star, and accused Hong Mai of being inattentive and arbitrary, which was tantamount to "pointing the deer at the horse" and annoyed Xiaozong: "Why is Wan Li dominated by the alliance?" Therefore, the secret pavilion was broken, and Zhisi Prefecture (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi) was known.
In February of 16th year (AD 1 189), Guangzong accepted Zen. Yang Wanli returned to the Secret Pavilion in May, was called in August and went to Beijing in September. He wrote three letters in succession, asking Guangzong to take care of talents and prevent adulterers from "being diligent for one day, frugal for two days, taking vacations for three days, loving you for four days and confessing for five days" (the third letter). In October, except for the secretary. Because of the change of yuan, he borrowed a bachelor's degree from Huan, accompanied by Jin Guohe, and also recorded the court examiner.
In August of Shao Xiyuan (A.D. 1 190), the calendar of Xiaozong was completed. Traditionally, Yang Wanli, the secretary-in-charge, prefaces the calendar, while the minister asks others. Yang Wanli then grabbed his post and requested to leave his post, and Guangzong retained it. Then, because he wanted to enter the book "Zheng Sheng" by Xiao Zong, Zaichen took him as an official, and Xiao Zong was still nostalgic and went out to Jiangdong to transfer the agreement.
In the second year of Shao Xi (A.D. 1 192), the court ordered the implementation of the Tieqian Society in the counties in the south of the Yangtze River. Yang Wanli wrote a letter to remonstrate, refused to obey the imperial edict and offended the minister, thus changing his understanding of Ganzhou. I didn't go. I took a sick leave in August and went back to Jishui. "When a sick crane comes out of the cage, if a rabbit is thrown into the forest, it will be hidden in the world" (Answer to Shen Zishou).
In the first year of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1 195), Ning Zong was called to Beijing, but Yang Wanli refused to go. In September, I was promoted to the cabinet and then to Xingguo Palace. In the first month of four years, Jishui County was founded with 500 households in the food city. In March of five years, he was promoted to be an official in Baowenge. In 20061February, he became the founder of Jishui County.
In August of Jiatai's third year (A.D. 1203), he was admitted to Mo Bao Pavilion and given clothes. In the first month of four years, when Luling County was founded, 300 food cities were added.
In the first year of Jubilee (AD 1205), he was called to Beijing and resigned. In February 2002, he was promoted to bachelor's degree in Mo Bao Pavilion. Yang Wanli vowed not to be an official in his later years. It is said that he is dissatisfied with Han Zhou, a powerful minister. Zhu Hannan Garden asked him to be a "keeper". He said, "Officials can be abolished, but you can remember them!" Resolutely refuse. Later, because of Korea's expertise in Japan, he was worried and angry, and soon became ill. His family knew that he was very concerned about the country, so they were afraid to tell him all the current political news.
On May 7th, the second year of Jubilee (AD 1206), a group of nephews came outside, unaware of their laziness. So when they talked about the story of Han Zhou's invasion of the Northern Expedition reported by Dibao, Yang Wanli burst into tears and sighed angrily: "Boy wants to die!" He expected that Han Zhou would take chances and act rashly, which would inevitably lead to failure and endanger the country. He stayed up all night that night. The next morning, he refused to eat again, sat in his study, pulled out a piece of paper, and wrote a cloud: "The traitor _ Zhou monopolized the Lord of the Yuan Dynasty, dispatched troops, harmed the people, and tried to sleep in danger." With such a head, I have no choice but loneliness and anger! " 14 words don't say goodbye to your wife and children, you dropped your pen. When I was 80.