Purple Tongzhi Sword 1 Purple Tongzhi Sword is a masterpiece of China's history and culture, with rich and extensive contents. It is impossible to finish it in a limited time only by day. Therefore, I did not give up reading at night. Reading at night has been my habit for many years. The only fly in the ointment is that you can't use the scenery outside the window to adjust your mood and spirit. The only refreshing thing is the cry of several unknown nightingales. Whenever this time, I will think of my hometown in the north of China. Today, my hometown is different from that of 20 years ago. Even in the daytime, it is difficult to hear the songs of birds, and the night is silent. This is not the case here. Some kinds of birds sing all night. When you are sleepy, it is also very interesting to listen to a silvery birdsong quietly. Birds' singing and reading are often intertwined, and "listening to the night" is also a kind of enjoyment, especially in this dead of night.
It is in this atmosphere that I finished reading Zi Tong Zhi Jian comprehensively and systematically, and made tens of thousands of excerpts and comments, especially on the humanities, history, geography and culture of the northwest region.
It's been 12 years since I started reading Purple Tongzhi Sword in early 1987, but I always read it selectively according to my own needs. I've read it more than ten times in some places, and some chapters haven't been covered yet. This is the first comprehensive and systematic reading. What is important is that the unique environment and atmosphere, and the mood and feelings in the reading process are different from those in China. Reading China's traditional cultural classics and feeling the exotic scenery in a foreign country will make people realize the long history of China. The profoundness of China's history and culture; There is also the profoundness and unique creativity of China's classical cultural spirit. At the same time, it also makes people realize the unparalleled historical contribution made by the industrious and intelligent people of China to the world history and culture. She is so magnificent, so deep and vast.
While reading China's historical classics in Africa and tracing the origin of China culture, I want to think about a question-where is the origin of mankind? According to the inheritance of ancient humans and the discovery of paleolithic archaeological data, the view that Europe is the center of human evolution was popular in the world in the 19th century. However, the discovery of the "ape-man cave" in Zhoukoudian, Beijing in 1929 is an important event in the world's ancient human fossil research history, which shocked domestic and foreign countries and questioned the European center of human origin. Since then, due to a series of archaeological discoveries in Africa, the theory of African origin has emerged. Since the 1970s, great breakthroughs have been made in the archaeological excavation and research of paleolithic culture in China, which once again shook the view that "human beings originated in Africa". It shows that Asia, where China is located, is also one of the important regions of human origin.
At this point, it seems that it is time to stop. In the rest of my life, I'm afraid I won't have full time to concentrate on reading Purple Tongzhi Sword. Compared with domestic working hours, it is really a rare time. In China, there are old people in the world and young people in the world. They have to work to support their families and be busy with trivial matters. Reading and writing are time-consuming. How can they find such carefree and single-minded time to study? It is in this sense that I wrote down this unforgettable reading environment and this spring-like time and day, and now I can't help crying when I think about it.
There is such a story in Purple Tongzhi Sword 2. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Yu Rang, a native of the State of Jin, was very angry that his teacher Zhi Bo was killed by Zhao Xiangzi and others. He said, "I must avenge him and die for him. Only by doing my best can I face him. " .
This is the oath he made, and he did it. He was found in the first assassination, but Zhao Xiangzi let him go because he thought he was a kind man. In the second operation, he was discovered again. Before he died, he asked several times to pierce Zhao Xiangzi's clothes. After fulfilling his wish, Yu let himself draw his sword.
How shocked I am by Yu Rang's actions. He can sacrifice himself for loyalty, add luster to the word righteousness, give up his life for revenge, and value righteousness over death.
Make friends, keep your word, be loyal and honest to your friends, and do your best. I was deeply moved by Yu Rang's loyalty.
Nowadays, people can give up everything for money and interests, and value profit over righteousness. The word "righteousness" has long since disappeared from many people's dictionaries.
In this way, isn't the spirit of giving in and the harmonious practice of righteousness, loyalty and affection more worth learning?
Although we don't need to sacrifice ourselves for the feelings, righteousness and righteousness of our friends as we do now, we can do something within our power when interacting with friends in daily life. When getting along with friends, treat each other sincerely and don't cheat; When a friend is in trouble, we should not hesitate to lend a helping hand. Now that we have happiness, remember to share it with our friends. We should know that one's happiness is not as good as that of others.
Although this can't be said to be a righteous cause, it is also a trivial matter and a righteous cause. In real life, as long as you always take the lead and do more just things, why not do it?
Since 20 12, I have read Zi Tong Zhi Jian three times in these five years, but in some respects, it is still like reading for the first time. I won't say much about the charm of this set of books. Exquisite writing and the essence of knowledge condensed by the gaudy learning of predecessors will be handed down to nurture future generations until a better book takes its place.
If I sum up my feelings, I will not hesitate to praise them. What impressed me most is that this book can be used as a guide for gentlemen and villains; It can be used as a way to be an official or a way to serve the people; It can be a mirror of good people or a mirror of evil people; It can be a lesson for the wise and a lesson for the foolish. As an ancient man said, this book is a big river, and we can put our heads in it to drink. Advance can cultivate one's morality and govern the country, retreat can live in seclusion; A gentleman can learn to rule the world, and a villain can understand it as evil; A gentleman can learn how to guard against villains, and villains can learn how to be a gentleman in Luo Zhi. No wonder this book has been circulated for thousands of years and is still respected by everyone.
A gentleman looks at him like a fool, but a villain imitates him. Sadly, does Sima Wengong really mean this?
It's easier said than done. Sima Wengong was lucky enough to get the adult beauty of Song Yingzong and Zongshen by writing a book, otherwise this book would be difficult to make. Wen Gong and his son Sima Kang, as well as Liu Fa and Fan Zuyu, are so lucky that they can concentrate on writing books and clarify their aspirations. In the thirty years of Hedong and Hexi, Sima Wengong returned to the DPRK, abolished the administration of the new party, and rolled up the struggle between the old and new parties in the late Northern Song Dynasty until the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Crying, Wen Gong doesn't know the disadvantages of party struggle, which is so harmful, but what he has done is so contrary.
Pity the world, there are many people who know their reasons, and those who do their things are fresh. How dare we boys boast after Sima Wengong's behavior?
Emperor Taizong once said: "Take history as a mirror and you can know the rise and fall." I'm afraid not! In view of the political instability brought by the imperial clan, consorts and eunuchs in the Han Dynasty, Cao Wei adopted the weak imperial clan, abolished the eunuch positions such as Zhong Changshi and replaced them with scholars such as Shi Sanchangshi, and ordered consorts not to get involved in politics. People are worse than the sky. In just forty years, Sima Shi usurped Wei. The Sima family in the Western Jin Dynasty was able to take advantage of the weakness of Cao Wei's imperial clan to seize the big position. So the imperial clan was sealed, thinking that it could consolidate the Sima family from generation to generation. Who knows that just after Sima Yan was buried, the rebellion of the Eight Kings turned the court upside down, killing each other and leaving bones everywhere. In the end, the Central Plains regime gave it away as a wedding dress for others. Fortunately, after the great integration of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, all ethnic groups became a family. Can this situation be predicted by our predecessors?
Politics is cruel. Once caught in the whirlpool of power, you will not stop until you die. Power changes, blood is everywhere, and those involved win and lose. In fact, for losers, death is their luck, and the unfortunate are extinct. Let's take a look at the prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty, from Emperor Taizong to Jing Zong. In the past 300 years, when was the transfer of imperial power not covered with blood?
Advocating morality and cheating? This is a paradox. We often say that fraud can only be done once, not for a lifetime. However, if morality is invincible, how can we survive? Some people may say, "Morality and cunning are just two ways of doing things. Evil in heart and evil in virtue; There is goodness in your heart, but deceit is also good. " Then I want to ask: "How do you know if your heart is evil or good?" I'm afraid I use this question to scare myself, so how can I read other people's hearts!
People often say, "Reading history can make you wise." I think this is a big fallacy. If you can read history wisely and distinguish right from wrong, why are there so many people who don't know right from wrong? First-class scholars like Li, Cai Jing and Yan Song, will they not understand history? In the face of human desires, wisdom is bullshit, blowing in the wind.
It's easier said than done. It's almost enough to live and do things clearly all your life. Why talk about other extravagant hopes? I ended this article with Zhang's "Bei Mangshan Goat Nostalgia" in Yuan Dynasty!
I borrowed a book "Purple Tongzhi Sword" from the library, which is a famous history book.
I like one of the stories best-Shang Yang's Reform. Shang Yang is a famous reformer in Shang Yang Reform. The story says that Shang Yang is not a man, nor is he surnamed Shang. His original name was Gongsun Yang. He was smart and eager to learn since he was a child, and he liked to study the names of punishments. He couldn't stand the neglect of Wei, so he went to Qin, was valued by the king of Qin, became a leader, and implemented the famous Shang Yang reform. In order to convince the people that he kept his promise, he erected a 30-foot-high wood at the south gate of Beijing, promising that whoever moved the wood to the north gate would get 10 gold. Everyone didn't believe Shang Yang, so Shang Yang raised the reward to 50 Liang. So, a strong man really carried the wood to the north gate, and Shang Yang really rewarded him with fifty taels of gold. The news spread all over the capital, and everyone couldn't believe the criminal law formulated by Shang Yang.
This story tells me that only by keeping your promise can you win the trust of others. It also reminds me of a sentence in the Analects of Confucius: "The name is not correct, and the words are not smooth; Words are not smooth, things are not smooth; If you can't do it, you will be happy; Rites and music are not prosperous, and punishment is wrong; If the punishment is not right, the people will be miserable, and the name of a gentleman must be spoken, and words will be feasible. A gentleman has nothing to do with words. "
Reading history is indeed an eternal truth. Among the ancient books, Zi Tong Zhi Jian is one of the best. Since Sima Guang completed this masterpiece in the Song Dynasty, how many generations of Chu Jun people have been asked to read Zi Zhi Tong Jian? Until today, this book still plays an important role. It teaches us faith, wisdom, courage and persistence.
Here, I will choose the one I feel most. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, young people in Huo Qubing were successful and appointed him as a general. He was a general in the Han Dynasty. He has outstanding military achievements and is good at killing the enemy. But he is not a rich boy who can understand the sufferings of soldiers. Every time there is a war, there are several cars specially prepared for him, and there are often more materials after the war. However, ordinary soldiers may be hungry and cold. On the other hand, General Li Guang of the same period, his brilliant exploits are well known, and Huns are even more afraid of him. But what is more worth learning is Li Guang's love and consideration for his subordinates. It is this kind of superior who really blends in with the masses that has won real support and conviction. Although Li Guang has been unable to seal Hou for various reasons, in many people's minds, Li Guang is more like a great general. While Huo Qubing is endowed with courage and resourcefulness. Li Guang's righteousness, Li Guang's strategy, Li Guang's courage and Li Guang's ability made this immortal general. If we become leaders in the future, we should not only have the ability, but also know the art of getting along with subordinates. Cooperation, assistance, win-win situation and mutual understanding are all things we can learn.
As small as one person and as big as a country, "Learning from the Same Resources" provides us with a typical example of learning. Everyone should read it when they have time to learn about the history of our country and learn the truth of being a man and even governing the country.
I saw a video on the Internet some time ago, and I was deeply touched. A girl in her twenties had a tumor on her body, as if the whole world had collapsed in an instant. She shouted "Fuck off! At the same time, millions of netizens feel the same way and secretly decide to live a healthy life and stay away from illness. Life seems to be like this. We often find our own shadow in other people's tragedies. Fortunately, it is not too late to mend. This is the case today, and the ancients are no exception. I think the same should be true of Zi Tong Zhi Jian compiled by Sima Guang in the Song Dynasty. This is called Zizhi. It is great wisdom to learn from the past and not forget the future.
China has a very long history, so there is a tradition of compiling history books in all dynasties. The existing official history works have far-reaching influence, and Historical Records, Hanshu and Zitongzhijian should all be in order. However, compared with other official histories, Zi Tong Zhi Jian has many "differences". Zi Zhi Tong Jian is different from the biographies of Historical Records and Hanshu. It is a chronological history book that runs through the present and the past, from late to five dynasties. This book seeks development with the idea of historical "communication".
Regarding the creative intention of Zi Tong Zhi Jian, the author Sima Guang once made a very clear statement: "Since moving and juxtaposing, people who have made their own clothes have read everything. People have the final say, there are thousands of opportunities every day, and there is no time to watch! " I often don't write my own books, but I want to reduce the verbosity. I want to say briefly that the rise and fall of a country is related to people's livelihood. Good can be the law and evil can be the precept. This is a chronicle. "It can be seen that the purpose of Sima Guang's compilation of history is very clear, and because of this, in the book, the author embodies a clear idea of seeking truth from facts when discussing the rise and fall of history, and emphatically summarizes the experience of historical rise and fall, which is related to why Qin died, why Han died, why Sui died, and how Tang prospered. Taking historical events as the axis, this paper deeply analyzes the operating law behind history to guide the political practice at that time.
People often say that "taking history as a mirror" is not unreasonable. The development of history is a reflection of the reality of a period of time, and it is also the result of artificial planning and operation. Only by knowing the rise and fall of the country can we learn from the history of national subjugation, gain experience from the pride of the prosperous times, make up for the shortcomings of practice, make up for the shortcomings, and keep our vitality forever.
Historical events and people are the same. So are we today. After several dynasties, we can still read the stories in Zi Tong Zhi Jian, not only to understand the history, but also to find wisdom in those thought-provoking stories.
This winter vacation, I read a book called Zi Tongzhi Sword.
This book was written by Sima Guang in the Song Dynasty. To put it simply, The Lessons Learned from Mutual Learning is a history book. It recorded a history from 403 BC to 959 AD, spanning 1362 years, including the Warring States, the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. It records history in chronological order, so it is called chronicle.
Among them, I think the most interesting is Three Movements of Meng Mu. This story tells that Mencius lived next to the cemetery when he was a child and played tricks like others every day. Meng Mu feels terrible. So I moved my family to the market. However, Mencius imitated the peddler. Meng Mu moved his family to another school, and Mencius followed the students to learn knowledge and manners. Meng Mu was so happy that he stopped moving.
Through this story, I get the enlightenment that a person's desire for success in life has a great relationship with his family environment and ideals, just as the San Zi Jing says: people are good in nature at the beginning of life, similar in nature, far from learning from each other, and similar in nature at birth, but different in living environment, people will have great differences in personality when they grow up.
In real life, we should also go to some places that are helpful to our physical and mental health, such as libraries, science and technology museums, sports fields and so on. Don't go to Internet cafes, game halls and other bad places. Only in this way can we grow up healthily.
The story in Zi Tong Zhi Jian is very interesting, which can increase our historical knowledge. I suggest you read this book.