Qijia culture, which spans about 2200 BC to 1600 BC, is an important archaeological culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Mainly distributed in eastern Gansu to Zhangye and Qinghai Lake, spanning Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia. With the in-depth study of Qijia culture, Qijia culture has become one of the important research objects to explore the formation and early development of Chinese civilization, and its influence at home and abroad is expanding day by day.
Qijia culture is about 4000 years ago. The pottery-making industry of Qijia culture was relatively developed, and at that time, it had mastered complex kiln firing technology. The red copper products found in the tombs reflected the improvement of productivity at that time and laid the foundation for the development of bronze culture later. The houses of Qijia culture are mostly semi-crypt buildings, and the house is covered with a layer of white ash, which is both strong and beautiful and moisture-proof.
2. Is Fuxi's hometown really in Tianshui? Fuxi is the humanistic ancestor of the Chinese nation and created the civilization of the Chinese nation. Academics generally believe that Tianshui, Gansu Province is Fuxi's hometown. However, Bai Zongshang, a folk in Xingyang City, Henan Province, did not hesitate to retire 10 years in advance and made an investigation around Fuxi Mountain in Huancuiyu, Xingyang at his own expense. After more than ten years of research, he concluded that Fuxi Mountain in Huancuiyu, Xingyang, Henan Province is Fuxi's hometown.
Folklore, historical records and the remains of Fuxi Mountain confirm each other. Before writing appeared, everything was passed on by word of mouth, so there was folklore. Later, words appeared and historical documents were recorded. After these two aspects are confirmed, they are confirmed with the relics in the scenic spot, and it is found that they overlap, thus confirming that Fuxi Mountain is the hometown of Fuxi.
3. Was Fuxi the Great born in Jingning? According to some ancient records, Fuxi was born in Ji Cheng. (In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan's "Notes on Water Classics: Weishui" recorded: "Therefore, Jicheng County in Tokyo was desecrated, so the place where Emperor Tai Shang was born." Sima Zhen: "My mother's name is Hua Xu. I was born in Leize and in Ji Cheng." According to the research of the late archaeologist Wang, he was born in Langzhong. (Fuxi's mother, Hua Xu, lives by the water in Hua Xu. She is pregnant with Fuxi because she stepped on Raytheon's big footprints out of curiosity. 12 years later, Fuxi was born in Qiu Yi. In the Song Dynasty, Milo's "History of the Road" notes: "The deep of Hua Xu, named after Hua Xu's residence, is now Yuzhong Yushui." )
According to some ancient records, Fuxi was born in Qiu Yi. (Miro's History of Taoism in the Song Dynasty records: "Hua Xu, the surname of Taihao Fuxi, lives in Hua Xu and is still in Fen. When the huge trace appeared, Hua Xu decided to follow it, and his intention moved. He circled it because he 10 was old. Born in hatred, I grew up in the city. " Hua Xu, Fuxi's mother, lived by the water in Hua Xu, and she was pregnant with Fuxi because she stepped on the steps of God. Fuxi was born in Qiu Yi and grew up in Qicheng (now Qin 'an, Gansu). "The History of Taoism" notes: "Hua Xu's Deep, named after Hua Xu's residence, is also the land of Langzhong and Chongqing." Zhou Tu explains: "Langzhong water is Chongqing water." Duijiashan also said: "Qiu Yi stands on all sides. Peng Chi and Cheng Hao are both masters of western learning and the birthplace of Fuxi. " Qiu Yi is located in Longnan, Gansu, and is called Qiu Chi. )
4. Overview of the history of Longxi Ji Cheng is a historical and cultural concept, because according to the Records of Geography of Hanshu, the earliest Han Ji Cheng belonged to Tianshui County, and there was no Jicheng County in Longxi County.
Her origin and evolution is a very complicated issue, which is directly related to Fuxi culture. The following scholars' investigation of Longxi discipline.
The so-called Ji Cheng is a huge concept of regional culture at first, but it has a center, that is, the Dadiwan site. During this period, we can call it "cultural discipline"; During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and the local government was still a county system. During this period, the word "Ji Cheng" changed from a cultural concept to a substantive local government, belonging to Longxi County, and was often called "Longxi Ji Cheng" in history. The third period is the change of subject name.
The history and reality of Ji Cheng in ancient times, with Qin 'an Dadiwan site as the center, formed an ancient cultural circle. The story of Fuxi Nuwa spread from Qingshui River to Hulu River, from Hulu River to Weihe River, from Weihe River to Yellow River, from Yellow River to the whole north, from north to south, and then became the collective memory of the Chinese nation.
Dadiwan is called the dawn of Chinese civilization, which is recognized by historians. There are a lot of stories about Fuxi Nuwa around the Dadiwan site. These stories can't be regarded as a history of faith, but they can reflect the importance of Fu and Nu Wa in the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization from Neolithic Age to slave society.
Due to the current economic backwardness in Gansu, many scholars have not paid attention to these legends. The New Age ruins communities all over Qin 'an and its surrounding areas prove how primitive tribes here sucked blood on this magical land thousands of years ago and gradually moved from barbarism to civilization. In the last century, many scholars made unpredictable guesses and investigations on the origin of Fuxi myth, and gained many useful experiences. For example, Wen Yiduo, a famous scholar, walked in the Hulu Valley. Finally, he wrote a book called Fuxi Kao, in which he concluded that Fuxi clan should belong to Miao people in southwest China, but the discovery of Dadiwan site denied his conclusion.
Why did Wen Yiduo come to such a conclusion? There are also fairy tales of Fuxi Nuwa among the ethnic minorities in southwest China. So Mr Wen Yiduo traveled thousands of miles to visit Hulu River. This tells us that no matter how great a person is, he will still make mistakes when doing anything, although he has been verified in detail. History is still history, and nothing will change.
On the other hand, it also tells us that history is a science and has its own laws. Even if someone wants to change it, history is always restoring its true colors. Of course, Wen Yiduo is a famous scholar after all. He is a high academic standard and a verbal giant. His spirit of seeking truth is really a mirror.
Unfortunately, at that time, because the Dadiwan site had not been discovered, he did not have the most comprehensive and powerful materials on this issue, so he could not help but draw a wrong conclusion. This also tells us how complicated science is, and it is not clear in a few words.
At the same time, we can see that the spread and influence of Fuxi Nuwa is the most precious wealth of the whole Chinese nation. Then, we can draw a conclusion that in ancient Qin 'an, a cultural circle centered on the site of Dadiwan was formed. This cultural circle is very large and radiates across the country. This is a commanding height in history, whether you admit it or not. This is a fact.
Why do we attach so much importance to Dadiwan is because it is difficult to find a second place with such a large scale and a long history in the whole northwest, which is mutually confirmed by ancient legends. To sum up, we can draw a conclusion.
"With Qin 'an Dadiwan site as the center, Ji Cheng cultural circle was formed in ancient times. "The so-called Ji Cheng should be counted from ancient times. At first, it was a regional concept in the cultural sense. It should be centered on the site of Dadiwan and radiate the whole northwest region. Therefore, Zhiping Township in Jingning should belong to Ji Cheng cultural circle in culture, and it is more appropriate to be classified as Tianshui area. You can take a look at the small circle, centering on the Dadiwan-Qin 'an site, and around Qin 'an: Jingning, Zhuanglang and Tong Tong.
Qin An left many legends of Fuxi Nuwa, and the academic circles also affirmed that these folk customs are related to the history of Fuxi Nuwa. From the perspective of human culturology, all myths are past history. Besides myths, Qin 'an also has the site of Dadiwan, which more effectively proves the relationship between Fuxi Nuwa and Qin 'an. Dadiwan site is called the dawn of Chinese civilization. The name Ji Cheng is directly related to the birth of Fuxi. Ji Cheng is called Twelve Years, and Fuxi's mother, Hua Xushi, was printed on Razer and gave birth to Fuxi. At the same time, it is said that Fuxi spent twelve years in Hua Xushi's womb. Therefore, Ji Cheng should refer to the age when Fuxi was born in her mother's womb.
From this legend, we can see that the place name of Ji Cheng refers to Qin 'an, which can echo the historical legend from a distance. At the same time, Jingning, also known as Ji Cheng, can not explain anything, but can better reflect the great and far-reaching influence of Fuxi culture. Throughout the historical evolution of ancient and modern times, there are still some differences between itself and modern administrative divisions. But when we look at the problems in history and trace back to the source, the outline of the matter is still relatively clear.
Some people may wonder, Professor Feng, a Yi people, once verified that the ancient city Ji County was located in Jingning today, and moved to Qin 'an after the Song Dynasty. How do you explain this? I think so, too. Professor Feng, who was born and raised in China, is admirable. His pursuit of truth-seeking in academic research is even more admirable. However, due to historical reasons or the deviation of research methods, it is normal for researchers to draw completely different conclusions about the same incident.
For example, Mr Wen Yiduo, a famous scholar, was praised by the poet Cang Kejia as "a eloquent giant and a high-standard actor". He once walked across the Hulu River in Qin 'an, but there was no Dadiwan site to prove it to him. So he came to the wrong conclusion that Fuxi belongs to Miao barbarians in Fuxi Kao. So, look at it objectively.