Summer in April, summer in June. Ancestors are not family, how can they be patient with me?
Autumn wind blows blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow blow. The trouble is so deep that when can we go home?
The eyes are fierce in winter and the wind blows. Everyone is the same, I am alone!
A good tree bloomed in the mountains and gave birth to Wei, with both chestnuts and plums. I don't know whose fault it is to wreak havoc and destruction.
Look at the spring water in the mountains, and a little clarity will come. But I encounter evil every day. Who can be a blessed person?
The Yangtze River and the Han River are choppy, dominating the southern rivers. I'm tired from work, but no one says I'm good.
Bandit quail bandit kite, fly to heaven! Bandits! Bandits! Escape to Yu Garden!
Pteridium aquilinum has a long mountain, and Qi 332-334 has a long depression. I sang a song and spoke with sadness.
Precautions:
A poem expressing anger at an official being driven to the south by a villain. When it comes to stabbing the king in power, greed and disability, national chaos, resentment and chaos are prosperous.
Long (thick voice, two sounds): Go. Hu Ning forbear: Why can't I stand this kind of disaster? Phil (sound fat): The plants are dying. Hey (Yin Mo): disease; Pain.
Waste: habit. Speaking of talking big.
Talking about Jianghan, the discipline of the South China: the floods of the Yangtze River, the Han River and the South China, and the discipline of the rivers, make it not stagnant. There are: friends, blind date.
Quail (Voice Group): Guo Tong. Carving. Xun (): Mu Ming. Melia azedarach
Make an appreciative comment
The theme of this poem was controversial in the past, and there has been no conclusion. Today, it seems that the whole poem has been driven by misfortune. He claims to be a gentleman. In the poem, he resentfully tells that he has done his best for national affairs, and uses Jianghan, the "southern rule", to compare himself to an important role of the country. But now he is exiled to Jiangnan, unable to go home and suffering endless disasters. So he hates that he is not a bird or a fish, or that he can go to heaven and escape. In this helplessness, he had to pin his sadness on poetry.
The whole poem consists of eight chapters. The first three chapters describe that he was exiled from early summer, and lived alone after autumn and winter. The fourth chapter uses metaphors to show that he has not suffered; The fifth chapter laments that his future is sad; The sixth chapter is the loyalty to see injustice; Chapter seven hates that he has no plan to escape from disaster; Chapter VIII The Purpose of Self-narrative Poetry
The Book of Songs
Pea seedlings have been picked again, and wild peas have just emerged from the ground. I said I would go home, but it still didn't come true by the end of the year. A lonely room is a lonely home, so it is a ghost.
The pea seedlings have been picked again, and the wild peas are very tender. Said he went home, and he was depressed. Anxiety is burning, and hunger is unbearable. The location of the garrison cannot be fixed, and it is impossible to take the letter home.
Bean sprouts are picked again, and the stems and leaves of wild peas are getting old. He said that he went home and went home again in October. But the king's errand is not finished yet, and I have no leisure to enjoy this quiet and good time. Worried and guilty, I can't do it.
What flowers are in full bloom? It's Tang Dihua. What kind of car is it? General among generals, of course. The troop ship started, and four horses were tall and big. How dare you settle down? 1 3rd of the month.
Ride four horses, four horses {Magway} {Magway}. The generals sat in the car and the soldiers were under its protection. Four horses were trained, with bows and shark sacs decorated with Gu Xiang. If you don't quit that day, there will be pits and thorns.
Recalling the original exploration, the wind in Yang Liuyi was blowing in the wind; Now back on the road, snowflakes are flying everywhere. The road is muddy and difficult to walk, and people are thirsty and hungry. The journey was delayed, carrying thirst and hunger, and I felt sad and didn't know I was sad.
Enjoy 1
This is a poem describing the return of the garrison from the war, which has always been praised.
The whole poem consists of six chapters. The first five chapters are the first part, which is the nostalgic memory of the garrison soldiers on their past service; The sixth chapter is the second part, which describes the sadness of the garrison soldiers who encounter snow on their way home. The two parts set off each other and grow together.
According to "Preface to Poetry", "When Wen was king, there was a disaster of Kunyi in the west and armadillos in the north, so he was ordered by the son of heaven to keep his troops in China. So I sent away the song "Picking Wei". " According to Zhu's Biography of Poetry, it may be "going out to defend Wei for food, and thinking from a distance." Therefore, in the first three chapters of the poem, there are three changes in Wei cuisine, namely "Zuo Zhi", "Ruan Zhi" and "Gang Zhi". Judging from the "left branch" (newborn), "Ruan Zhi" and "gang branch" (hard) of Osmunda japonica, it means that time has passed, and it overlaps with "laurel moon" three times, which means that it has been waiting for a long time, but it has not been realized. Then there are three sentences: "Don't stop at dusk", "Stop at heart" and "Stop at age". Sorrow, regression and time are connected in an overlapping way, and an atmosphere of regret and sadness is repeatedly rendered by "I can't go back-I will run out of a year-my heart is sad". Worrying about old age, watching phenology change, not coming back for a long time, very touching. And this touching sense of sadness is unstoppable through "intense anxiety" and "anxiety and guilt"
Time has passed in vain, and the year is coming to an end. I'm homesick, and I'm already in a miserable mood, not to mention "carrying hunger and thirst", which goes further. Coupled with "I am indecisive about my garrison" and "I am afraid of returning to work", it not only makes the military life thirsty, but also makes the garrison camp unstable. Of course, people can't send people back to get a message, which makes people feel uncertain, helpless and comforted. At the end of the year, I am worried and want to look forward to my hometown, but the author can't help but think that he is "alone." I'm not saying that I really don't have a family. I mean that although I have a family, I can't reunite with my family because I've been away for a long time. Therefore, having a home means having no home. "The king's affairs have been abolished" and the war has not been extinguished, all because of "reason". The "ghost reason" is repeated twice here, which not only points out the reasons for not coming home for a long time, but also points out the reasons for being worried and hungry. With an angry tone of determination to resist foreign aggression, I reached a certain balance with the homesickness in the first three chapters, and moved to the next chapter to recall military life excitedly. See the following two sections:
The first sentence begins with the flower on the long beach and is introduced by two rhetorical questions: "What is Bi" and "What is Bi-Lu Sihe". With the gorgeous beauty of Long Dihua, it is a metaphor for our high general's car, which is in contrast with Wei cuisine in image and color. Describing the general's chariot, the poet aimed the camera at the war horse that best reflected the spirit of the army. When the vehicle starts, the horses in front of the vehicle are "Mu Si", "Mu Si {Magway}" and "Mousse Wing", and "Ye}," Magway} "and" Wing "show the tall, powerful, majestic and well-trained Ma Xu. It can be seen from "gentlemen rely on it, villains rely on it" that these tall, powerful and well-trained war horses are not only the reflection of the mental outlook of the army, but also the support of the generals and the cover of the soldiers, which is an important symbol of the combat effectiveness of the army. Behind the burly war horse are soldiers with strong bows and swords, and the soldiers with "wings" and "fish-like clothes" are highly vigilant, which shows the great military strength of the Zhou Dynasty in the anti-aggression war under the condition of "full of holes and thorns". Therefore, the "three victories in January" is not only a record of the combat situation at that time, but also reflects the pride and confidence of the soldiers to win. Beating is agile, living is warning, echoing the first chapter "The cause of ghosts". At this point, the whole article is magnificent, and the poet ends his memories in a high-pitched melody.
In the last chapter, I wrote what I saw on my way home. With the two distinct seasonal characteristics of "a bright future and another village" and "rainy and snowy", it shows different feelings of sadness and joy in the past and present. Writing a word "past" has the function of summing up, closing the memories of the first five chapters and opening the following paragraphs. The foreground of eyes and spoken language, without false embellishment, are faintly revealed, but deeply interested and natural. For example, Fang Yurun's original Book of Songs said: "The beauty of this poem lies in the last chapter, which is full of true feelings, painful lessons and profound feelings." "Finally, when it comes to returning to the scenery, it is a sad thing to recall the scenery when you came. Unparalleled, beautiful, and always new. " Therefore, Xie Xuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty thought these four sentences were the most popular among Mao's poems (see Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature), which seemed to be somewhat over-praised.
This work about the homesickness of border guards is intertwined with frequent wars, the homesickness of garrison soldiers, the hardships of military life and the determination to resist foreign aggression. In the conflict between patriotism and kinship, the optimistic fighting spirit and the ambivalence of worrying about life, it reflects the war life and people's war psychology of that era, and shows all aspects of war life, especially the writing method of blending scenes and turning scenes into feelings in the last chapter.
Appreciate II
From ancient times to the present, people think that the most wonderful part of this poem is the last chapter, especially the first half. According to the article Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature, Xie An of the Jin Dynasty asked, "What is the best sentence of Shi Mao?" At that time, Xie Xuan quoted "I have been there, Yangliuyiyi; Today, let me think, it's raining. What makes people regard the last chapter of Picking Wei, especially the word "Liu", as a rare and wonderful pen in ancient and modern times? Wang Fuzhi, a famous scholar in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, once analyzed and said: "I have been there, Liu Yiyi; Today, when I think about it, it's raining and snowing. I write my mourning with joy. I mourn Syaraku with compassion, and I am sad and happy. " (Jiang Zhai Shi Hua, Volume 4) He pays attention to the complementary relationship of opposites between scenery and emotion in order to grasp its unique artistic effect. Now, this classic comment has become common sense. Some scholars, when analyzing the "mystery" of several sentences in Yangliuyiyi, said: "It is Wang Fuzhi who really discovers the beauty of this sentence. In Jiang Zhai Shi Hua, he pointed to the source of the heart (according to the quotation, he wrote a happy scene with a sad scene) ... Generally speaking, poetry creation pursues the realm of blending scenes, ... but this poem is just the opposite. To cut, sad also; Please come, please go. In the past, I sang willows, and in the future, I sighed for rain and snow. The poet grasped the contradiction between love and scenery, and profoundly and powerfully expressed the sadness of the soldiers guarding the border with comparative methods. " (Appreciation of Poetry in the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, edited by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, p. 44, 1998)[ 1] Actually, although the sentence "I used to go there, but I don't want to leave my hometown for war" can be said to be a jubilant scene, "Now that I think about it, it's raining and snowing" is definitely not a mourning. When the hero in the poem returns, he clearly says, "Road blocks hunger and thirst. I feel sad in my heart. I don't know that I am sad. "What's the point? Where can we talk about mourning Syaraku? As long as we fully grasp the various elements provided by the poet, we can find that Rain and Snow are raining, which is quite like "writing mourning with mourning scenes"
The most noteworthy thing in the last chapter of Picking Wei is not the so-called scene contrast. The first three chapters of this poem repeatedly express the sadness of longing for return but not returning; Chapters 4 and 5 are slightly changed in writing. Literally, they don't continue to write this meaning, but only describe the urgency and difficulty of garrison and war. The beauty is that they quietly contain the anxiety of hope and no return; In the last chapter, the style of writing is leisurely, first tracing back to the willow when leaving home, but the focus is obviously on the return of the present, especially the sadness that no one can understand on the protagonist's way home. In this way, a problem that should be paid attention to for thousands of years and should have been investigated long ago, but has not been solved so far, stands out in front of us: the protagonist is looking forward to going home, and keeps saying that he wants to go home again and again, from the birth season of Osmunda japonica to the end of the year (or from the year after next to this year), but when he really sets foot on the road to go home, it is "my heart is sad" and he deeply regrets it. Why on earth is this? Is it because he walks slowly? No, poetically speaking, the delay in walking is only a manifestation of sadness at most, not the root cause of sadness. Is it because he is thirsty and hungry? Not exactly. In the process of emergency and dangerous defense and fighting, the hero has been experiencing the embarrassment of carrying hunger and thirst. Although he was hungry and thirsty on the way home, the hope of changing (at least partially changing) this dilemma is about to become a reality. How can he be full of sadness because of this? -In the defensive battle ahead, the root cause of the hero's sadness is not hunger and thirst, but "I can't do it"; On the way home, the root cause of the hero's sadness is that he doesn't carry hunger and thirst. So is it because of the so-called "sad scene" of rain and snow? Not at all. It's just raining and snowing. What's so sad about it? Judging from the overall content and historical and cultural context of this poem, the protagonist is full of sadness at this time, because after he got rid of the pressure of the invasion of armadillos and came back from the battlefield, another unavoidable problem surfaced in front of him, which is a very heavy or even ominous premonition of his family fate or his future.
Many poems of later generations have written about the tragic situation faced by people who left their homes (including those who followed the levy) after their return. The Yuefu folk song "Join the Army in the Fifteenth" in the Han Dynasty said: "Join the Army in the Fifteenth and never return in the eighties. Feng Dao Villager:' Who's at home?' It's your home from a distance, Songbaiduo.' Rabbits enter from the dog's sinus and pheasants fly from the beam. In the atrium, Green Valley was born, and in the well, Lv Kui was born. I cooked corn and picked sunflowers to make soup. I wonder who is interested in the soup and rice that have been cooked for a while. Going out and looking east, tears fell on my clothes. "When veterans who have been enlisted for decades come home, countless graves have been buried at home, and quadrangles have become a paradise for rabbits and pheasants; Sunflowers and grains on the well in the palace are all born by tourists (that is, they are born without planting), but after they are cooked and collected for soup, no one gives them away. What this pen intends to pour out is the tragedy that the protagonist has to accept. At the end of Han Dynasty, Cai Wenji was trapped in Xiongnu for more than ten years and was redeemed by Cao Cao. But what is waiting for her? She wrote in "Poems of Sorrow and Indignation": "The family is exhausted, and China and foreign countries are no longer there. The castle is a mountain forest, and the court is full of Ai Jing. I don't know whose bone it is, but it's all covered horizontally. When no one goes out, the jackal barks. This is a lonely scene, this is a liver and lungs. "The family is exhausted, the battlements have turned into mountains, the courtyards are covered with Ai Jing, the bones are vertical and horizontal, the jackals are barking, and the protagonist is alone, only accompanied by a lonely shadow. Du Fu, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, wrote in Homeless: "After the orphan treasure, there is Artemisia sphaerocephala in the garden. I live in 100 families, and everything is in a mess. There is no news of the survivors, and the dead are dust and mud. Because of the defeat, the bitch came back to find the old way. After a long walk, I saw an empty lane, and it was thin and miserable. But for Kitsune to tanuki, the hair is angry with me. "It's really the same result: the homeland disappears in Artemisia annua and becomes the territory of foxes and wild cats. Survivors scattered, I don't know where they are, the dead have already turned to dust and mud. ...
Putting forward these typical examples does not mean that the protagonist who picked Wei will definitely face the same situation. We just emphasize that he is so worried about the fate of his family or his future that he is not happy at all on his way home, so he can't help but be filled with endless sadness. Readers may ask, what you have listed here is circumstantial evidence of future generations. In the era of picking Wei, followers may have no worries about their families and situation after returning home. Judging from the background of the research history of The Book of Songs, this doubt is not unreasonable. Needless to say, according to Yin, a famous contemporary scholar once said, ... it is outdated, not backward, that a gentleman should be the forerunner of the king, because he is called a southern doctor and does not seek peace. Uneven service, I am too tired to engage in, and I can't afford to support my parents. "The stone of gradualism stabbed the king of the next country. Arising from the army, Jing Shu did not arrive, but he was ordered to lead the troops to the East Expedition. After serving for a long time, he was ill and pretended to be a poet. Seven Prefaces to Poems Handed Down from Ancient Times (related poems can be found in, Gao Feng,,, tang style, etc.). ), since the people who serve are all doctors, what's so sad about going home?
It is not uncommon for academic circles to agree with Mr. Zhu Dongrun's above statement. In fact, this statement is quite debatable. When Cai Wei wrote the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was generally considered as the period of Zhou Xuanwang. The main battle force of the Western Zhou Dynasty was the army, that is, the chariot, which was recruited from the commune farmers of the country, that is, the people. In the battle, each chariot has one or two charioteers and ten disciples, who were recruited from "barbarian" Shu Ren. "China people" and "savage" were common people in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were the main undertakers of agricultural production at that time (see Bai Shouyi's General History of China, Volume III, page 328, 3 1 1 page, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1994). In related ancient books, "China people" are often called "scholars". Mr. Zhu Dongrun put forward: "Before the Spring and Autumn Period, scholars were the general name of the ruling class." (Page 5 of Three Hundred Poems) This view is also untenable, although many scholars still use it. "Book of Rites Shao Yi": "The son of the monarch, when asked about his age, must say' can learn from the country'; When you are young, you can say' can you resist' and' can't resist'. Ask how old and young the doctor's son is, and then say' you can enjoy people'; When you are young, you can say' can be happy' and' can't be happy'. Ask the son of a scholar if he is always young. The long ones say' he can plow', and the young ones say' he can bear the salary' and' he can't bear the salary'. " It is precisely because the scholar is a farmer that the son is trained. The article has revealed this idea many times, such as asking "the scholar's body nurtures geometry", "the scholar's body is in the geometry of the exhibitor" (Chen's body is also in the array), asking "the scholar's body nurtures geometry, what is his body", asking "the son of the country ..... to lead the children not to farm, and" The Hunter's Geometry ". Therefore, no matter whether the protagonist of Picking Wei is a chariot or a disciple, he must be a diligent worker.
Honggan
Title: The Book of Songs Author: Unknown
Rank rank, dry, faint Nanshan.
Like bamboo shoots, like pine trees.
Brotherhood, good type, no phase.
It seems that the ancestors continued to build hundreds of households, and their households are in the southwest.
He lives in a place where people are talking and laughing.
Covenant Pavilion is a pavilion. The wind and rain are gone, the birds and mice are gone, and the gentleman is impressed.
Like wings, like spines, like birds, like flies, gentlemen gather.
Colonize its court and feel its embarrassment. Knock on its right, knock on its ghost. Jun youning.
Down to Guan, up to Gui, is Anse's bed. This is sleep, this is prosperity, this is my dream. Ji Meng Howie?
Wei Xiong is a majestic snake.
Adults occupy it: Xiong Weiwei, an auspicious person; D-D-D-D-D-Snake, a woman's luck.
This is the bed where men sleep.
Clothes carry clothes, clothes carry clothes. Qi Qi, Zhu Sidi, clan king.
That's where women are born and sleep. The clothes are installed, and the tiles are also installed.
There is nothing but etiquette, only talking about wine and food, and there is no embarrassment for parents.
The streams are crystal clear, and the trees on Zhong Nanshan Mountain are lush. Bamboo blocks people's eyes and pine trees block people's walking. Like brothers and sisters, they are connected and will never cheat each other. They inherited the teachings of their ancestors and built hundreds of palaces. The entrance is in the west or south. The two brothers live together and smile in harmony and friendship. The board was caught and rattled, and the wall was hit hard. From then on, they were no longer afraid of the wind. The courtyard in the palace is wide and flat, and the pillars of the courtyard are tall and straight. The sun room is full of light and the side cabin is bright. This gentleman lives in Ning. Puxi was covered with bamboo mats. He slept well and was carefree. What is the omen of waking up early and dreaming at night? What beautiful things do you dream of? If there is a happy event for a bear, if there is a snake, listen to Taibu's dream: black bears and horses have power; Predict a baby lang; The poisonous snake is weak, so there will be a little girl at home. If you have a baby boy, make a small bed for him to lie on, dress him in small clothes and let him play with a jade stamp. He cries like a silver bell. In the future, he will put on a big dress and become a king who will bring peace and stability to the country. If you have a little girl, spread a small board on the floor, wrap a small quilt around her and give her a spindle to play with. Teach her to watch her mouth and do more housework.
Minglu
A herd of deer, yo, ate mugwort in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests, playing the piano and playing the piano.
A blowing sheng reed, a basket of gifts.
People are very kind to me, just like showing me the way.
A herd of deer, suffering in Ye Yuan. I have a group of good guests and noble character.
Xiunan's example is not frivolous, and gentlemen and sages follow suit.
I have good wine and spirits, entertaining guests and having fun.
A herd of deer, yo, were eaten by the Qin army. I have a group of good guests, playing the harp and playing music.
Playing the harp and piano, playing music, enjoying joy and laughter.
I'm in the mood to drink and entertain guests.
Precautions:
Poems for feasting guests.
Yo yo (excellent voice): Luming Literature's voice. Ping: Artemisia argyi, commonly known as Artemisia argyi. Say even.
Spring: a plate-shaped vibrating body used to make sound in musical instruments. In ancient times, carrying baskets meant sending money and silk to guests with baskets. Show me my weekly trip: show me my way.
See: Also showing. Man: slave. Speaking of freemen. Hey (pick the accent): Hey, steal. Yan: This is a feast. Type: send words. Ao: wandering.
Qin Qin: Artemisia.
Zhan (sound): Excessive pleasure. Yan: Anya.
A herd of deer are chirping and eating apple grass on the Yuan Ye. I have a group of good guests who can play the piano and blowing sheng. A blowing sheng tube vibrates reeds, holding a basket and offering a thoughtful gift. People are really friendly to me, and I am instructed to follow them. A herd of deer are chirping and eating wormwood in Yuan Ye. I have a group of noble and brilliant guests. Setting an example for others is not frivolous, and gentlemen and sages have followed suit. I have good wine, which is fragrant and mellow. I entertain guests. A herd of deer chirped at Cao Qin on the Yuan Ye. I have a group of good guests who can play the harp and piano. Play the harp, play music and laugh happily. I have mellow wine to entertain happy guests.