After Zhu Tan, in the first year of Yongle, his son Zhu was made king. According to the records, "Zhao Hui was born on June 12th, the 21st year of Hongwu, and became a prince in May of the 23rd year. On the second day of the third month of the first year of Yongle, he attacked the king of Lu. On July 15, the second year of Chenghua, he died of illness at the age of 70. " "Zhao Hui was good at writing and writing since he was a child", which Cheng Zu attached great importance to. During the Yongle period, "patrolling Lu and being polite". Starting from Zhu Tan, the kings of Lu in the Ming Dynasty continued for 10 generation, and 13 kings. In 276, Lv Fan's fate was always with the Ming Dynasty. It is worth mentioning that Zhu Tan, the king of Lu and his descendants, rooted in Qilu's etiquette, inherited etiquette and poetry and became a cultural atmosphere of the royal family. Although Zhu Tan's boyhood was simple and misled by the immortal elixir, he just grew up and was destined to return to Daoshan, but he loved poetry, chess, calligraphy and painting, and his gentle temperament had its own high level and unique side in the muddy water of the royal family's struggle for power and profit. It can be seen that the piano, chess, calligraphy and painting unearthed from Zhu Tan's tomb are all in line with his life hobbies, and this well-read and charming prince took it as elegance before and after his death.
Bai Lianhua and Butterfly are real.
There are four scroll paintings in Zhu Tan's tomb. Due to the long-term accumulation of water in the tomb, the scroll was unrecognizable when it was discovered, resulting in all the scrolls rotting; The other silk book, with golden blue mountains and waters as its color, has lost its due value because of serious picture damage. Fortunately, the other two volumes have been well preserved until now, and it was only after they were unveiled that one was Sunflower Butterfly by Song people and the other was White Lotus Map selected by Qian in the early Yuan Dynasty.
Sunflower Butterfly in Song Dynasty is a silk book, and both hollyhock and flying butterfly are drawn by boneless method. On the back of the painting, there is a gold inscription by Song Gaozong Zhao Gou: "The Millennium only urges August, the purple leaves are bleak, and the yellow flowers are cold and unattended, and they love the sunset alone." The postscript is followed by the inscriptions of Yuan people Feng Zizhen and Zhao Yan. Feng Ba said: "The sunflower fan in Song Gaozong Deshou Palace was acquired as a rare treasure in the past two hundred years." So, this painting has been in the tomb for more than 600 years. According to the so-called "paper lives for thousands of years", it is conceivable that these two ancient paintings are valuable. In the Yuan Dynasty, Qian Xuan painted the paper of "White Lotus Map", and painted the lotus with meticulous brushwork, with three flowers and three leaves, which set each other off. The brushwork is soft and colorful, and there is really a lotus wind. Qian Xuan once wrote a poem on the painting, saying, "The jade pond is curled up in Bai Yuhua, and the bluebirds are quiet. You don't drink, you don't carry a stick, but you remember the fragrance and the moonlight. " In the painting history of China, Qian Xuan was an outstanding landscape flower-and-bird painter in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. He was a native of Huzhou, a tribute scholar in Jingdingjian Township in the Southern Song Dynasty, and one of the "eight handsome men" in the early Yuan Dynasty. Zhao Mengfu, a great painter, asked him for advice on painting in his early years.
Both paintings are stamped with the word "Yin Si" in broad-brimmed Zhu Wen. According to textual research, "Yin Si" is one third of "Yin Si, the discipline inspector of the Ministry of Rites" who was in charge of the calligraphy and painting library in Ming Dynasty. The six-character seal is arranged in three lines, and the other two lines are inscribed on the book as files. The Department of Rites and Discipline was the department in charge of institutional etiquette in ancient times, with a wide range of functions, including the management of painting and calligraphy libraries. The seal of "Yin Si" indicates that Zhu Tan had gone through the registration formalities for the calligraphy and painting he brought in the 18th year of Hongwu (1386). Time has passed, and we can still see the use of leaving half of the seal on the stub and the other half on the official document such as the letter of introduction in our daily life. This method was adopted in the preservation of royal paintings and calligraphy, which proved that Sunflower Butterfly and White Lotus Map were once collected by the royal family of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and their outstanding value is self-evident.
Listen to a song "Wind and Waves"
In archaeological excavations, it is rare to find Song Dynasty paintings and Yuan Dynasty periodicals unearthed in tombs. A number of rare books of ancient books have also been unearthed in Zhu Tan's tomb. At that time, these books were filthy and stuck together. After cleaning and binding, it looks like a new book, with 7 kinds of 265,438+0 volumes, including Biography of Chua's Collection, Biography of Notes on Hu in the Spring and Autumn Period, Notes on Four Books, Notes on Family School as a Mirror, Collected Works of Mr. Zhu Wengong Changli, etc. As far as typology is concerned, except for the collected works of Mr. Changli of Zhu Wengong School, the rest are not recorded, which is an orphan.
Reading and listening to the piano is the elegant heart of ancient literati. In Zhu Tan's tomb, there is a Leiqin in the Tang Dynasty, named "Tianfeng Haitao". The piano face is paulownia wood, the bottom is catalpa wood, the whole body is painted black, and the emblem is inlaid with gold. The face of the piano is covered with snake-shaped broken lines, and the bottom of the piano is engraved with the seal script "Tianfeng Haitao". There are two lines of ink on the Longtan on the belly of the piano: "Holy! This guqin was Zhu Tan's musical instrument for entertainment before his death. The so-called "storm in the sky" means that the sound of the guqin is like the wind in the sky, like the waves in the sea. The so-called Leiqin means that this piano is made by a famous artist.
The production of guqin has reached a very high level in the Tang Dynasty, and a number of outstanding and famous musicians have emerged. The Lei family in Chengdu, Sichuan was a famous musical family at that time. By the end of the Tang Dynasty, famous musicians such as Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Jue, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan, Lei Yan. Not only is the material selection strict, but the process is meticulous, and even the gluing, painting and laying of the bottom surface are exquisite. Because Leiqin has the characteristics of clear and round timbre and subtle and long lasting charm, it is expensive for musicians in past dynasties. There is a Tang Dynasty Leiqin in the Palace Museum in Beijing, which is called "Nine Clouds Surrounding Pei". When "Tianfeng Haitao" was unearthed, the world Leiqin was no longer alone.
There is no historical record about Zhu Tan's father, but judging from his collection of Leiqin, we can conclude that he is a rare father master. Lu You, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem: "The guqin snake is priceless, and the fish-intestines sword holds the spirit." Leiqin has been a treasure handed down from ancient times in the Song Dynasty. If it weren't for a bosom friend, how could it be rewarded?
You can still use this thing in hand talk.
There is a complete physical object of Go in Zhu Tan's tomb. Weiqi originated in China, with many chess scores and scores, but few objects exist. 13 chessboard unearthed from Liao Tomb in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, 15 chessboard unearthed from Tang Tomb in Xiangyin County, Hunan Province, 17 chessboard unearthed from Han Tomb in Wang Du, Hebei Province, and 19 chessboard unearthed from Tang Tomb in Xinjiang. Eighty-three black and white chess pieces were unearthed in Danyang, Jiangsu Province, and 50 chess pieces were unearthed in Yang Cemetery of Song Dynasty in Huai 'an, but there were no chessboards. The physical objects of Go unearthed from Zhu Tan's tomb include a chessboard with 19 tracks, 175 black spots, 18 1 Bai Zi, and a lacquer box, which belongs to the things often used by the tomb owner before his death. Today, the chess game using this set of Go is also complete enough.
Guo Yunchang, Weiqi flourished, and most of the founding emperors advocated playing Weiqi. This pair of Go is one of the evidences. Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, Wei Taizu Cao Cao and Emperor Taizong Li Shimin were all Go masters. Zhu Yuanzhang was born as a farmer and knew nothing about Go. When he became emperor, he became fascinated with Go and often played chess with Xu Da, the father of our country. Although Xu Da is better at chess, he always loses in order to please Zhu Yuanzhang. On one occasion, Xu Da deliberately won a game, Zhu Yuanzhang surly. Xu Da said, "Please watch the chess game for a long time." Zhu Yuanzhang leaned over to look closely and saw the word "Long live" written on the chessboard. Zhu Yuanzhang turned anger into joy and immediately gave Xu Da a building named "Chess Winning Building".
According to records, it was allowed to talk about chess in the Golden Temple in the Ming Dynasty, and 22 volumes of Go were compiled in Yongle Dadian, showing that Huang Longshi, the chess saint, was over 100 years old. In such a Weiqi atmosphere, it is not surprising that Zhu Tan loves Weiqi. In his capacity, there must be many masters and celebrities who use this set of Go players to talk about the game. As you can imagine, young Zhu Tan has a natural and unrestrained mentality, is obsessed with playing chess, and forgets the troubles of the upper class for the sake of power and interests.
As a prince, King Huang Lu can show off his royal dignity through nine crowns unearthed from his grave.
A crown is an emperor's hat. Only emperors, princes and kings can wear it. Crown shapes are common in past paintings, such as the statues of Huangdi, Yao and Shuntianzi in the stone carvings of the Han Dynasty in Wuliangye, the portrait of the emperor painted by Yan in the Tang Dynasty, the restoration of the Song Dynasty, and the portrait of Confucius in the holy land of the Ming Dynasty. The characters in these portraits are wearing crowns and clothes, imposing and solemn. However, apart from the "imperial crown" worn by Yuan Shikai during the restoration, the only real crown that can be seen today is this nine-crown crown unearthed from the tomb of Huang Luwang Zhu Tan.
Nine crowns are18cm high, 49.4cm long and 30cm wide, woven with rattan, painted with black silk paint, and inlaid with gold rings in Phnom Penh; On both sides of the crown, there are plum blossoms and golden hairpin. According to "Ming History", 12 jade beads were hung on the crown of the Ming emperor, each with red Huang Qingbai and black * * * 12 jade beads, and the prince used1jade beads, 165438+. Before and after Huang Lu Wang's nine crowns, * * hung nine wreaths, each with nine colorful jade beads, and * * * used 162 beads, which accorded with the identity of Huang Lu Wang's Prince Zhu Tan.
The top of the crown is called "Wanban", and the front and back of Wanban are round places, which means wide; The board was painted with black paint to show its solemnity. Both sides of the board are hung, indicating that the emperor does not look at right and wrong, does not look at right and wrong, and distinguishes right from wrong. There are jade scales under the plate, which are connected in the grooves on both sides of the crown; There are holes at both ends of the scale, and silk ropes are hung on both sides to the ears, and a piece of beautiful jade is tied on the ears, which seems to plug the ears. The so-called "deaf ears" means that the emperor does not listen to slanderers, regardless of minor mistakes, strives for greatness, hears everything, and thus derives the idiom "deaf ears".
Nine crowns of black, black is the popular color of hats in Ming dynasty, which is obviously different from hats in other dynasties. Besides bamboo and rattan, many official hats in Ming Dynasty were made of dyed black yarn, so they were also called "black hats". When an official is called "wearing a rice bowl", those who are dismissed are called "taking off their rice bowls". These statements originated in the Ming Dynasty. The official hats of other dynasties are not limited to black, and the "post" is unique to the Ming Dynasty.
Legend has it that "the Yellow Emperor was crowned", although it is difficult to verify, but in the Zhou Dynasty, Confucius said "surrender to Zhou Zhimian", so it can be believed that the coronation system at that time was relatively complete. After all, from generation to generation, coronation is the highest etiquette. After Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, he even emphasized "restoring the dignity of Han officials". The Zhu dynasty lasted for 276 years, and the lofty status of the crown was maintained for 276 years. It was not until Ai Xinjue Roche entered the Central Plains that the crown system was abolished. At present, there are only two pendants in the country as cultural relics. A collection in the Museum of Chinese History is an antique coronation suit worn by Yuan Shikai when he was proclaimed emperor in the early Republic of China. The other is Wang Mian, a relative of King Huang Lu in the early Ming Dynasty more than 600 years ago, which is now in the Shandong Provincial Museum. It is also the only surviving ancient coronation ceremony, which fills the historical gap and has extremely high cultural relics and historical value.