The clinical manifestations are: decreased defecation times, dry or secret fire, and no normal comfort after defecation. Some patients may have dizziness, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, bitter taste, excessive anal exhaust, accompanied by general discomfort, irritability, insomnia and even weight loss.
There are many reasons for this disease, most of which are caused by the accumulation of heat and evil, old age and physical weakness, pregnancy and so on. However, because everyone has different defecation habits, it is necessary to make a correct judgment on constipation according to everyone's defecation habits and whether defecation is smooth or not.
Generally speaking, short-term constipation has little effect on human body, but long-term constipation can not be corrected, and harmful substances in rectum can not be eliminated in time, which will have adverse effects on human body. Because these effects are gradually produced, it is not easy to attract immediate attention, and it is difficult to pay back when they are discovered and treated. Some people do not take constipation seriously. In fact, constipation can lead to premature aging, malnutrition, obesity, intestinal cancer and some mental disorders. Constipation in the elderly can also induce and aggravate angina pectoris, cerebral hemorrhage, emphysema, hemorrhoids, anal fissure and other diseases.
Family prevention and control measures
1. Do more exercise.
People who can move should try to do some sports, such as walking and playing Tai Ji Chuan. Patients who can't move, such as paralyzed patients, can try to do abdominal muscle contraction and levator ani exercise, and postpartum women can also do abdominal muscle contraction exercise as soon as possible. The specific method is: take a deep breath, relax the abdominal muscles at the same time, make the abdomen bulge, contract the abdominal muscles when exhaling, and make the abdomen sag.
Go to the toilet regularly
Some people are afraid of defecation because of anal fissure or hemorrhoids, and forbear to go to the toilet, resulting in drier defecation; Some people, because of irregular work and rest, irregular diet and irregular stool. When they feel comfortable, they can't stop their work in time, but tolerate the inconvenience. If you don't go to the toilet on time for a long time and don't discharge feces in time, it will inevitably lead to increased constipation. It is best to develop the habit of defecation after getting up in the morning. Regular defecation is very important to prevent constipation.
Eat more coarse grains
As we all know, dietary fiber has the function of absorbing water and softening feces, and it is also the main body of feces. It can promote intestinal muscle peristalsis and push feces down quickly. These dietary fibers mainly exist in coarse grains. Eating too little coarse grains will lead to less food fiber residue in the intestine, less feces, too little effective stimulation in the intestine, slow intestinal peristalsis, too long time for feces to stay in the intestine, and too much water absorption in the intestine, resulting in dry and secretive feces.
4. Don't take laxatives frequently.
Taking laxatives for a long time may eventually lead to dependence on the large intestine, so it is best not to use laxatives continuously, but to use them intermittently. If you are habitually constipated for a long time, you'd better ask a doctor to help you find out the reason and take targeted drugs to completely solve the problem. If you rely on laxatives for a long time, constipation will only get worse.
5. Don't take antibiotics for a long time.
No matter where the inflammation is, some people like to take antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin. I don't know that these messy antibiotics will kill some beneficial bacteria in the intestine, such as acidophilic bacteria, leading to flora imbalance and constipation.
Supplementation of acidophilic bacteria
Acidophiles are very important flora in the large intestine. If they can survive successfully in the intestine, constipation caused by various reasons will be avoided. Jin Shuangqi oral liquid, which is common in the market now, is this preparation. Unlike laxatives, it takes weeks or months to see the effect. Constipation goes away, indicating that acidophilic bacteria have successfully propagated, so even if you stop eating, constipation will not happen again.
General western medicine therapy
1. castor oil
After oral administration, it can stimulate small intestine, increase peristalsis and promote excretion. Liquid feces will be excreted within 65,438+0-6 hours after taking the medicine, so take it on an empty stomach in the morning. Pregnant women should avoid taking it and use it with caution during menstruation. The administration method is 1 time per day, each time 10 ~ 20ml.
2. bisacodyl (stool obstruction)
The medicine can enhance rectal reflex peristalsis and lead to defecation, and is mainly used for various acute, chronic and habitual constipation. Every day 1 time, each time 1 ~ 2 tablets (5 ~ 10 mg), the whole tablet is swallowed. Don't eat milk for 2 hours before and after taking the medicine.
Step 3: kaisailu
It is a rectal solvent for treating constipation. When in use, it is slowly inserted into anus, and then the liquid medicine is squeezed into rectum. Every adult 1. Be careful not to take it orally.
4. Glycerol suppository
Glycerol can lubricate and stimulate the intestinal wall, soften the feces and make it easy to be discharged. When in use, insert 1 tablet glycerin suppository into anus.
5. Phenolphthalein (Guide)
After oral administration, it can stimulate colonic mucosa, promote colonic peristalsis, prevent intestinal juice from being absorbed by intestinal wall and play a laxative role, which can last for 3-4 days. Suitable for intractable constipation.
6. Cisapride
The medicine is a gastrointestinal motility medicine, which can enhance the contractility of stomach and duodenum and strengthen the movement of intestine. Can be used for intractable constipation.
Commonly used TCM famous prescriptions
1. Huangqi Yin Hua Decoction
30g of Radix Astragali, 20g of Flos Lonicerae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, 20g of Fructus Cannabis, Herba Cistanches and Radix Angelicae Sinensis, 5g of Radix Clematidis15g, 7g of Cortex Magnolia Officinalis and 7g of wine rhubarb. Daily 1 dose, decocted in water. If the wine and rhubarb don't go down, adjust the stool and then stop taking the medicine. This soup can benefit qi, promote fluid production, moisten intestines and guide stagnation, and is mainly used for constipation of senile deficiency syndrome. If the stool is unobstructed for several days, you can reduce the wine rhubarb; In case of severe dry stool, add 3-5g of sodium sulfate. For patients with severe qi deficiency, add 20 grams of Codonopsis pilosula; For patients with severe abdominal distension, Radix Aucklandiae10g is added; For lumbago and leg pain, Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. 10g and Achyranthes bidentata L0- 15g are added.
2. Radix Paeoniae Alba Scrophulariae Decoction
50-80g of white peony root, 20-30g of Chinese angelica root, 20g of red sage root, 20g of prepared rehmannia root and 20g of figwort root. Safflower, peach kernel, almond, perilla seed, corydalis yanhusuo 10- 15g, rhizoma Cyperi, licorice 8- 10g, atractylodes macrocephala10-/2g. Decoct the above liquid medicines for three times, then combine the liquid medicines and take them orally for three times in the morning, at noon and at night, daily 1 dose. The dosage of 10 is 1 course of treatment. For patients with qi deficiency, Radix Astragali and Radix Codonopsis15 ~ 20g were added respectively; For patients with blood deficiency, Polygonum Multiflori Radix 10 ~ 15g, Colla Corii Asini and Fructus Lycii are added respectively; Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Dipsaci Radix and Cistanchis Herba each10-15g were added to patients with yang deficiency; For patients with severe qi stagnation, Fructus Aurantii and Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis10 ~15g are added respectively; If the intestine is hot and dry, Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Ophiopogonis 10- 15g are added respectively.
3. Chaihu Huaihua Decoction
Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Curcumae each15g, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Semen Cassiae, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, Flos Sophorae Immaturus each 30g, and Radix Glycyrrhizae 6g. Decoct the above medicines, daily 1 dose, and take orally for 2-3 times. 7 days is 1 course of treatment, mainly for constipation. For patients with abdominal distension, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis and Radix Aucklandiae are added; For patients with abdominal pain, Rhizoma Corydalis is added; Dry throat, Canadian ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus.
Common folk therapy
1, appropriate amount of leek leaves or roots, mashed to get juice 1 cup, warm water with Shaoxing rice wine, mainly used for habitual constipation.
2, 500 grams of winter melon pulp, sesame oil 15 ml. Boil wax gourd pulp with water to get 300 ml of juice, and take it with sesame oil. Mainly used for constipation and senile constipation.
3. 60-90 grams of fresh dandelion whole grass or dried whole grass, decocted in water to 50- 100 ml, 1 dose per day, and can be seasoned with appropriate amount of sugar or honey after decoction, which is used for constipation in children.
Nutritional diet therapy
1. folic acid supplement
Folic acid deficiency is the most common malnutrition. If constipation is caused by folic acid deficiency, there are usually other neurological symptoms. The doctor's neurological examination and laboratory examination can help you confirm whether there is folic acid deficiency. Once it is confirmed that constipation is caused by folic acid deficiency, it is necessary to supplement folic acid in large doses, but this must be done under the guidance of a doctor. We might as well add foods rich in folic acid to our diet, such as melons in fruits, spinach and cabbage in vegetables.
2. Supplement magnesium salt, potassium salt and sodium salt.
These salts can stimulate the peristalsis of the large intestine, promote defecation, and soften the feces in about 6-8 hours. Magnesium hydroxide is the most commonly used. The specific method is 15-30 ml magnesium hydroxide with a cup of warm water on an empty stomach.
Supplementing dietary fiber
Lack of dietary fiber is the most common cause of constipation. The most ideal way is to eat a high-fiber diet, such as corn, sorghum, wheat bran, oat noodles and so on. You can also use wheat bran therapy instead. The specific method is to add half a cup of wheat bran (about 9 grams of fiber) to food every day, and then gradually increase the amount until 2 cups a day.
4. Proper use of honey
Honey contains glucose, fructose, sucrose, various amino acids, vitamins, mineral yeast, enzymes and other ingredients, and has the functions of invigorating the middle warmer, benefiting qi, moistening the intestines and relaxing bowels. Indications for intestinal dryness and constipation in the elderly.
5. Bananas should be used
Eating bananas can prevent and treat constipation. Because bananas contain a lot of dietary fiber, they can increase the moisture in the stool like a sponge to absorb water, make the stool soft, facilitate excretion and reduce the retention time of feces in the large intestine. In addition, dietary fiber can also promote the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria in the large intestine, stimulate the intestine, accelerate intestinal peristalsis and promote defecation.
6. Spinach should be used
Spinach is rich in nutrition. It contains more protein, vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin P and minerals such as iron and calcium. In addition, it also contains a lot of carotene, oxalic acid and a lot of dietary fiber. Modern medicine believes that spinach is nutritious, can promote pancreatic secretion and help digestion, and can be used for habitual constipation and chronic constipation. Chinese medicine believes that spinach has the effects of nourishing yin and moistening dryness, enriching blood and stopping bleeding, purging fire and qi, and benefiting stomach. It is suitable for preventing and treating anemia, hematochezia, body fluid deficiency, thirst and constipation.
7. Avoid spicy food
Eating less or fasting peppers, onions and garlic is a necessary measure to prevent constipation, and it is also a dietary principle that constipation patients must abide by. Because these foods are conducive to the deviation of fire and body fluid, it is easy to cause constipation. Furthermore, constipation patients are often accompanied by hemorrhoids and anal fissure, and these foods will also aggravate hemorrhoids and anal fissure.
8. Medicinal diet
(1) Mushroom Peach Blossom Soup: 500g of mushrooms, 200g of fresh peach kernels, 550ml of chicken soup, and proper amount of refined salt, cooking wine, wet starch and sugar. Steam fresh peach kernels in a pot for later use. Add salt, cooking wine and sugar to the chicken soup, put it in a pot, add cooked peach kernels and soaked mushrooms, and thicken it with wet starch. It can be eaten with meals, has the effect of relaxing bowels, and is suitable for constipation.
(2) Ginger juice mixed with spinach: 250g of spinach, 25g of ginger, salt, soy sauce, sesame oil, monosodium glutamate, vinegar and pepper oil. Remove the fibrous roots of spinach and leave a red head, clean it, cut it into long sections, blanch it in a boiling water pot, take it out and drain it, put it on a plate, let it cool, add the stirred ginger juice, refined salt, soy sauce, sesame oil, monosodium glutamate, vinegar and pepper oil, mix well and season. When eaten with meals, it has the effects of nourishing blood, relaxing bowels, stimulating appetite and relieving hangover. Suitable for constipation due to intestinal dryness, senile constipation, habitual constipation, hemorrhoids, hypertension, alcoholism, etc.
(3) Five-kernel porridge: sesame seeds, pine nuts, walnut kernels, peach kernels (peeled and fried), sweet almonds each 10g, japonica rice and appropriate amount of sugar. Mix and crush 5 grains, add japonica rice and cook into porridge. Add sugar when eating, and take it every morning and evening, which has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, moistening dryness and smoothing intestines. It is suitable for habitual constipation caused by deficiency of qi and blood in middle-aged and elderly people.
(4) Pickled mulberry porridge: 30g of hemp seed, 30g of mulberry (50g of fresh fruit), 0/00g of glutinous rice/kloc, and appropriate amount of rock sugar. First soak the mulberries for a while, wash the hemp seeds, and then cook porridge in a casserole with sticky rice. After the porridge is cooked, add rock sugar to melt it. Eat on an empty stomach, twice a day and often. Has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing blood and improving eyesight. It is suitable for dizziness, vision loss, soreness of waist and knees, premature gray hair, etc. caused by constipation due to intestinal dryness and yin deficiency of liver and kidney.
Characteristic therapy
1. laxative massage
On the supine bed, use the palm of your right hand to push up from the lower right abdomen to the upper right abdomen, then to the upper left abdomen and then to the lower left abdomen. Push around the navel 40 ~ 50 times repeatedly, and finally press the navel several times, every morning and evening 1 time, and insist. At the same time, drink more water, eat more vegetables and coarse grains, and develop regular defecation.
2. Salted radish strip laxative method
Cut radish into tapered strips with a length of 3-5cm and a diameter of 1 cm, and soak them in 40%-50% salt water for 4-6 days. It can also be made of salted radish on the market. First, rinse it with cold boiled water, then dip the radish strips in some edible oil or liquid paraffin, slowly stuff it into the anus for 5-6 cm, put a piece of toilet paper outside, and gently massage it with your hands for about 3-5 minutes, and you will feel rectal fever and defecation. This method is not suitable for patients with hemorrhoids, perianal abscess and anal fissure.
3. Hand-picked stool method
If you are constipated for a long time and have a lot of dry and hard stools in the rectum, when the above methods are ineffective, you can put on rubber gloves or finger covers, dip a little cooking oil or liquid paraffin, gently insert them into the anus and dig out the hard stools.
4. Soap laxative method
Cut ordinary soap into the same shape as the above radish strips, dip a small amount of water and slowly stuff it into the anus, which will automatically defecate; Throwing kaiselu or glycerin into the anus can also defecate.
Expert reminder
1. Constipation may indicate a hidden serious disease, although it does not occur frequently.
2, constipation itself is usually not a very serious problem, but if there are serious symptoms that last for more than 3 weeks, it is necessary to see a doctor.
3. If constipation is accompanied by abdominal swelling, it may indicate intestinal obstruction.