(A) the purpose of the study
Secondary vocational education is a popular education which is employment-oriented, ability-based and service-oriented. In order to highlight the characteristics of vocational education, through this survey, we collect and analyze the social talent demand information of students majoring in mechatronics, understand the changes and trends of knowledge, skills and quality requirements of society, industry and enterprises, provide information for the setup of mechatronics specialty, enrollment scale and employment guidance of students in our college, provide basis and help for the revision of training objectives, teaching plans and curriculum standards, and improve the training quality of talents majoring in mechatronics in our college.
1, understand the current situation and development trend of the industry.
2, determine the post (group), understand the job responsibilities and employee structure.
3. Understand the professional competence structure of related positions in this major, collect work tasks and projects, and understand the production objects and production processes of the positions. , go deep into the details of the work and consider potential factors.
4, clear professional orientation
(two) the time, place and object of the investigation.
Research time, research place and research object
July 14 Director of Human Resources Department of Yuanda Central Air Conditioning Company
July 14 Director of Sustainable Building of Yuanda Central Air Conditioning Company
July 14 Dean of Yuanda Engineering College of Yuanda Central Air Conditioning Company
On July 14, Yuanda Central Air Conditioning Co., Ltd. visited front-line employees.
July 15 Director of Human Resources Department of Zoomlion Co., Ltd.
Electrical engineer of Zoomlion Co., Ltd.
On July 15, Zoomlion gave it to front-line employees.
Second, research methods and contents
research method
Take representative enterprises as research units. The main methods of investigation are: through on-site communication, questionnaire survey and discussion, to understand the current situation of enterprises, the talent structure and demand of electromechanical posts; The overall evaluation of secondary vocational school students by enterprises; Suggestions of enterprises on school education and teaching.
On July 14, we went to Yuanda Central Air Conditioning Co., Ltd for investigation. Yang, Director of Human Resources Department, Xiao Changgeng, Director of Yongyuan Factory, and Dean of Yuanda Engineering Institute were investigated in the form of discussion, and frontline employees were investigated in the form of forms.
On July 15, we went to Zoomlion Co., Ltd for investigation. The director of human resources department and front-line employees conducted an investigation in the form of discussion.
(2) Research content
This survey investigated the basic knowledge of senior managers, basic technicians and front-line employees in the factory.
Quality requirements, basic skills requirements.
Three, mechanical and electrical professionals demand investigation and analysis
1, demand analysis of people at different levels in enterprises
The pursuit of high-quality products makes more and more enterprises pay more attention to the quality of employees. As far as production is concerned, the quality of on-site processing, testing, online management and online maintenance determines the quality of production. In the process of communication with the human resources supervisor of the enterprise, I strongly feel that the demand for talents in the enterprise is multi-level. Stable and skilled operators are the basic guarantee to complete production tasks, and equipment maintenance personnel are an important aspect to make products have high quality in the production process. People with more skilled operation skills or broader knowledge or compound skills will be more welcomed by enterprises.
For example, the main equipment of an enterprise is an automated production line, which is developed by the enterprise according to its own use. Therefore, in the process of product production, the maintenance personnel of the production line should not only maintain and repair the existing equipment, but also transform the equipment to meet the production needs of new products. These maintenance personnel must have mechanical and electrical knowledge and ability. On these occasions, enterprises need compound skilled talents.
2. Analysis of the needs of enterprises for employees' social skills
This year, it is more obvious for us to see that many mechanical and electrical enterprises, on the one hand, pay attention to their professional education background, but pay more attention to people's social ability and non-intellectual quality, and are good at communicating with people, with correct values, professionalism, hardship, discipline, responsibility and work attitude. Those who are fashionable in appearance (hair style, clothing), disheveled or stiff in expression are often not welcomed by mechanical and electrical enterprises during interviews.
Mainly engaged in mechanical and electrical maintenance and assembly work. In this kind of post, the technical content of mechanical maintenance and electrical maintenance is high, which requires maintenance personnel to have a long period of experience accumulation on the basis of understanding the structure and principle of mechanical equipment, electrical equipment and electromechanical equipment. At present, in most enterprises, mechanical maintenance and electrical maintenance generally have a clear division of labor, and secondary vocational graduates can only do some auxiliary work in the initial stage of such positions. Relatively speaking, secondary vocational graduates in assembly positions are easier to get started, but the treatment is also lower.
3, the basic situation of mechanical and electrical employees.
The investigation team investigated the age, education, technical level and salary income of the above-mentioned mechanical and electrical employees.
(1) age structure
(2) Educational background structure
See Table 3 for the educational background structure of employees in electromechanical maintenance and assembly positions. Junior high school graduates can generally only engage in the disassembly and assembly of simple machinery; In addition to the assembly line with low technical content, high school or secondary vocational graduates can also engage in mechanical maintenance and electrical maintenance after a long period of experience accumulation, while college or higher vocational graduates can engage in mechanical maintenance and electrical maintenance technicians after practical experience accumulation.
(3) Proportion of population corresponding to skill level and annual income.
Employees in electromechanical maintenance and assembly positions generally hold national professional qualification certificates such as locksmith, machinist locksmith, assembly locksmith and maintenance electrician, and hold relevant work certificates. See Table 4 for the proportion of people corresponding to the five levels of junior, intermediate, senior, technician and senior technician. Mechanical maintenance and electrical maintenance technicians are generally college graduates or above majoring in mechanical manufacturing, mechatronics and automatic control. , and obtained advanced skills through practice.
As can be seen from Table 4, the income level of employees with the same skill level fluctuates greatly, mainly because the operating conditions of different enterprises are quite different. At the same time, on the whole, the income level of all kinds of personnel is not high, especially those with senior and above skills. This is also the root cause of the current shortage of highly skilled talents.
4. Analysis of recruitment channels for electromechanical professionals
The recruitment channels for corresponding positions in mechanical and electrical specialty mainly include: talent market, recruitment of fresh graduates from relevant schools, recommendation by acquaintances, network, talent agency, etc.
For secondary vocational school students, enterprises will generally interview students' academic performance and evaluation, skill certificates and skills, and some will also conduct tests or trials, and finally decide to formally hire those students who are capable and capable.
5. Enterprise's evaluation of secondary vocational school graduates.
The enterprise's evaluation of secondary vocational school graduates is as follows: (1) Knowledge level. Satisfaction accounts for 25%, relative satisfaction for 38%, general satisfaction for 29%, and dissatisfaction for 8%. (2) skill level. Satisfied accounts for 5%, relatively satisfied accounts for 33%, generally accounts for 42%, and dissatisfied accounts for 20%. (3) Work attitude. Satisfied accounts for 8%, relatively satisfied accounts for 29%, fair accounts for 5 1%, and dissatisfied accounts for 12%.
6. Suggestions of enterprises on the education and teaching of mechanical and electrical specialty in secondary vocational schools
According to the survey, the suggestions of enterprises on the education and teaching of electromechanical specialty in secondary vocational schools can be summarized as follows:
(1) Strengthen the pertinence of training objectives; (6) Set courses and determine teaching contents according to the requirements of enterprise's post professional ability.
(2) In terms of professional knowledge, strengthen the teaching of mechanical drawing, metal cutting principles and tools, equipment structure, mechanical transmission, tolerance fit and measurement, machining technology, fixtures and other knowledge to improve the effectiveness.
(3) In terms of professional skills, we should strengthen the practice of machine tool operation, common fault identification, diagnosis and elimination, tool sharpening, parts precision measurement, mechanical equipment disassembly, installation, debugging and maintenance.
(4) In terms of work attitude, there are mainly: establishing an accurate employment outlook; Good professional ethics and code of conduct, love and respect their jobs; Hard-working and hard-working; Cultural difference education of different enterprises, etc.
Four, secondary vocational schools, mechanical and electrical professional teaching status and main problems
(1) Use of courses and textbooks
At present, the courses offered generally include: mechanical drawing, mechanical foundation, mechanical manufacturing technology foundation, metal technology, electrical foundation, electronic technology foundation, electrical control technology foundation, CAD/CAM, PLC, limit fit and technical measurement, metal cutting machine tool, mechanical manufacturing technology, fitter technology, electric drag, safe electricity use, factory power supply, maintenance electrician, fitter technical training, electrician technical training, etc.
The original curriculum system and teaching materials can no longer meet the current goal orientation and teaching needs of mechanical and electrical specialty in secondary vocational schools. The subjective reason is that as a school level, it has no ability to conduct scientific and systematic research on the curriculum system, and it can only be selected and accepted by all aspects of experience.
(2) Training conditions
In recent years, our school has strengthened the construction of training base, improved the training conditions and purchased all kinds of metal cutting machines and other training equipment. The improvement of practical training conditions provides the necessary guarantee for cultivating students' practical skills. At present, the training programs offered by this major include fitter training, electrician training and electronic training.
(3) Students' research
After graduation, students majoring in this major will get the intermediate vocational qualification certificate of the corresponding type of work.
Five, mechanical and electrical professional reform suggestions
1, Suggestions on the Adjustment of Training Objectives of Mechanical and Electrical Specialty
From the above investigation and analysis, it can be seen that under the background of vigorously developing equipment manufacturing industry in China, the demand for skilled talents in electromechanical maintenance and assembly positions is very strong. No matter from the basic characteristics of students or from the current school conditions of our school, skilled talents in this kind of position are suitable training targets for mechanical and electrical majors in secondary vocational schools. Therefore, the training goal of this major should be mainly to train medium-sized applied skilled personnel who are engaged in mechanical and electrical maintenance and assembly and related positions and have a career development foundation.
2, mechanical and electrical professional curriculum suggestions
The curriculum should not only be employment-oriented, but also establish a new curriculum system with modular project teaching as the main body, and emphasize operability in combination with the teaching conditions of the school.
3. Suggestions on teaching reform of mechanical and electrical specialty.
(1) Make teaching plans and main course contents according to the training objectives of this major.
(2) Professional teaching implements the teaching concept of task-oriented and adopts project teaching method. According to the course content, choosing typical projects as the teaching theme, creating "production scenarios" and implementing the integrated teaching of theory and practice can improve students' interest in learning and tap their potential, which is conducive to the all-round cultivation of students' professional knowledge and professional ability.
(3) The combination of academic education and vocational qualification certificate training should be implemented, and the communication between academic education and vocational qualification certificate should be strengthened, so that students can obtain corresponding vocational qualification certificates while obtaining academic certificates. In terms of curriculum structure, teaching content and teaching progress of academic education, it is necessary to provide support for students to obtain vocational qualification certificates, and students should also obtain corresponding credits while obtaining vocational qualification certificates. In the academic education examination, it is necessary to establish a scientific and continuous evaluation mechanism for students' comprehensive ability, so that employers, students and their parents can participate in the study evaluation together. It is necessary to combine summative evaluation with formative evaluation and pay attention to the cultivation of students' comprehensive professional ability.
(4) Strengthen the construction of professional teachers to meet the requirements of the new teaching mode. Schools should establish a mechanism for professional teachers to practice regularly in enterprises, constantly update teachers' professional knowledge and skills, and improve teachers' practical ability. In teaching activities, teachers should adapt to the requirements of the new teaching model and strive to become planners, organizers and consultants in the learning process.
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