Category root class
Different names are Nengxiao (Kaibao Materia Medica), Linglingxian (Su Shen Liang Fang), Linglingxian (Pearl Capsule), Clematis (Outline), Linglingxian (Materialization of Medicine), Clematis nigra (Preparation of Raw Medicinal Materials) and Jiucaojie. Iron broom (Zhejiang Handbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Qicunfeng (Guangxi Chinese Veterinary Medicine Factory), Tietielingxian, Niuxiancao, Niucaocao (Jiangsu Botanical Herbs), Huxucao, Capsicum rattan (Luchuan Materia Medica), Tielingxian (Hebei Medicinal Material), Lingxianteng and Heilingxian.
The source is the root of Clematis chinensis of Ranunculaceae.
Plant morphology clematis chinensis
Climbing shrubs, elevation 4 ~ 10 m. The roots are tufted, slender and the skin is dark brown. The stem is black with obvious stripes, white fluff when young and falling off when old. Leaves opposite, pinnately compound. There are usually 5 leaflets, rarely 3 leaflets. Leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-7 cm long and 1.5-3.6 cm wide. The tip is pointed, the base is wedge-shaped or wide wedge-shaped, and there are few shallow hearts. It is complete, with fine hairs on the upper side along the veins, smooth on the lower side and three main veins. Panicle axillary terminal, long 12 ~ 18 cm; Leafy bracts; Sepals 4, sometimes 5, petal-shaped, oblong-obovate, white, with a small tip protruding from the top, white fur outside and smooth and hairless inside; Stamens are numerous, with unequal lengths and flat filaments; Pistil 4 ~ 6, carpels separated, ovary and style densely covered with white hairs. Achenes are flat-ovoid, slightly short-haired, with persistent styles and white feathers. The flowering period is May-June. The fruiting period is June-July.
Born in Shan Ye, ridge and roadside. Distributed in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.
Digging in autumn, removing stems and leaves, fibrous roots and soil, and drying in the sun.
The rhizome of medicinal materials is irregular and yellow-brown, with residual woody stems group at the upper end and many fine roots below. The root is slender, cylindrical, about 8 ~ 16 cm long, about 1 ~ 4 mm in diameter, slightly curved, with brown or black surface and fine longitudinal stripes. Hard, brittle and easily broken, the skin is separated from Mu Yi, the section is flat and round, the skin is grayish yellow, and the wood is yellowish white. Rhizomes are tough, uneven in cross-section and fibrous. Breathing is weak. It tastes slightly bitter. It is best to be uniform, black and white, and strong.
Location: Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places. Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian and other places also produce.
Clematis chinensis used in Sichuan is the aboveground part, which is a dry stem and leaf. The stem surface is black, with longitudinal grooves and nodes, hollow, brittle and easily broken. Slight breath and light taste.
The same plants are also used as clematis: ① Polygonum multiflorum, also known as clematis longituba and black rose. The rhizome is short columnar, yellow-brown, with residual stem base at the upper end and tufted fine roots at the lower side. The root length is 4 ~ 10 cm, the diameter is 0.8 ~10.5 mm, the surface is dark brown or brown, with thin longitudinal stripes, and a few skin parts fall off to expose yellow-white thin wood parts; Hard and brittle, easy to break; The section is flat, yellow and white, and there are often cracks between wood and leather. The wood is white and slightly square. Rootstock and stem base are tough; The fractured surface is uneven and fibrous. Slight breath and bitter taste. Used in Northeast China, North China, Shandong and Jiangsu. (2) Akebia Akebia, used in Yunnan, Hunan, Guangxi and Zhejiang, see "Akebia Akebia". Clematis stylosa, also known as Clematis tigris, is produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places. ④ Clematis tomentosa is used in Guangxi, Fujian and Hunan. ⑤ Single fruit clematis is used in Guangxi, Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang. See "Opening in Snow". ⑥ Akebia trifoliata is used in Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Anhui. See Akebia trifoliata. All landowners northeast clematis, used in the northeast. (8) Dioscorea zingiberensis, used in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, see "Clematis chinensis leaves with iron feet".
In addition, there are Smilax China (used in Shaanxi, see "King Kong thorn"), Smilax China sheath (used in Gansu, see "Smilax China sheath") and Smilax China (used in Shandong, China). The clematis contained in "Kaibao Herbal Medicine", "Illustration of Herbal Medicine" and "Jiuhuang Herbal Medicine" belongs to Veronica of Scrophulariaceae, but this clematis has not been used yet. The Clematis chinensis recorded in "Herbal Medicine in Southern Yunnan" is a compound flower with obvious pulse. See Cao Ling Wei.
Chemical constituents ① Radix Clematidis contains anemonin, anemone lactone, sterol, sugar, saponin, lactone, phenols and amino acids. Leaves contain lactones, phenols, triterpenoids, amino acids and organic acids.
② Polygonum hydropiper leaves contain 0.82% coumarin, 0.23% kaempferol and other flavonoids, alkaloids, volatile oil, resin and other components. , contains no saponin, tannin or cardiac glycoside.
③ There are triterpenoid saponins in the roots of Clematis mandshurica: Clematis A, Clematis A ",Clematis B and Clematis C. ..
④ The roots of Dioscorea bulbifera and its varieties contain saponin and hederagenin.
Pharmacological action ① Influence on circulatory system
The 50% infusion (1ml/kg) of Clematis angustifolia (Polygonum hydropiper) can reduce the blood pressure and kidney volume of anesthetized dogs, and the efficacy of the decoction is only half that of the infusion. It has the effect of inhibiting toad heart in vitro first and then promoting it, and its efficacy seems to be about 3 ~ 5 times greater than that of decoction. Its hypotensive effect may be related to inhibiting the heart.
② Effect on smooth muscle
Clematis angustifolia decoction has obvious exciting effect on isolated intestine of mice, which may be a direct effect on smooth muscle, and has similar effect on isolated intestine of rats and rabbits. It has no obvious effect on mouse uterus in vitro.
③ antidiuretic effect
Clematis angustifolia preparation has obvious antidiuretic effect on mice, rats and guinea pigs. This effect is roughly equivalent to that of decoction; 0.2 ml of 50% decoction is equivalent to 0. 1 unit of pituitrin, and its action time seems to be longer than pituitrin, which may also be related to the decrease of blood pressure and renal vasoconstriction.
④ Hypoglycemic effect
Clematis chinensis extract can significantly enhance the glucose assimilation of normal rats (that is, urine glucose test is still negative after giving rats a lot of glucose), so it may have hypoglycemic effect.
⑤ Other functions
The intraperitoneal injection of 0.025g/10g (the minimum lethal dose of1/8) can slightly improve the pain threshold of mice (hot plate method), so it may have analgesic effect. The water extract of 1: 3 has certain inhibitory effect on skin fungi in vitro. Baicalin (Pulsatilla chinensis brain) extracted from Radix Clematidis has antibacterial effect. Another water extract of Radix Clematidis also contains protoanemonin, which may be an antibacterial component.
Processing of Clematis chinensis: clean impurities, remove residual stems, soak in water, take out and fully wet, cut into sections and dry in the sun. Drunken fairy: Take clematis segments, mix them with yellow wine and smother them thoroughly, put them in a pot and fry them with slow fire, then take them out and let them cool. (each clematis 100 kg, with yellow rice wine 12 ~ 15 kg)
Sexual taste is pungent, salty, warm and toxic.
① "Kaibao Materia Medica": "Bitter, warm and nontoxic."
② Pearl Capsule: "Sweet."
3 Outline: "The taste is slightly spicy and salty."
④ Ben Feng Jingyuan: "Bitter and bitter in taste, mild in nature and less toxic."
Meridian tropism enters bladder meridian.
(1) Herbal Shu Shu: "Entering the Sun Meridian."
② "Seeking Truth from Materia Medica": "Specializing in treating bladder meridian, and also treating intestine and stomach meridian."
3 rejuvenation materia medica: "into the lungs and kidneys."
Functions are mainly used for expelling wind and removing dampness, dredging meridians, eliminating phlegm and promoting fluid production, and dispelling addiction. Can be used for treating gout, intractable joint pain, cold pain in waist and knees, beriberi, malaria, abdominal cavity stagnation, tetanus, tonsillitis and pharyngolaryngitis.
(1) Expelling wind, removing dampness and relieving pain: used for rheumatalgia. Because of its good nature, it can communicate with the twelve meridians, so it is especially suitable for systemic migratory rheumatalgia.
(2) Remove fishbone: Use 30g of this product (add vinegar) to decoct the soup, so as to slow down the throat and treat fishbone choking. Used for the pharynx of bones. Decoct the soup with this product and swallow it slowly, which can generally make the bone disappear. It can also be mixed with rice vinegar and sugar. In addition, this product can eliminate phlegm and promote diuresis, and can be used for diaphragmatic congestion and lump accumulation.
Dosage of traditional Chinese medicine: 5 ~10g; 30 grams can be used to treat bone carp. This product is easy to escape, and it is easy to damage healthy qi after long-term use. The weak use it with caution.
(1) Herbal Medicine in Tang Dynasty: "Cold syndrome of the waist, kidneys and knees, which can be accumulated in the intestine, can be effective for years."
② "Kaibao Materia Medica": "Dominate the wind, publicize the five internal organs, eliminate abdominal cold stagnation, accumulate phlegm and water in the heart for a long time, and have pus and disgusting water in the bladder to treat cold pain in the waist and knees."
3 "Materia Medica": "Treating intestinal wind."
(4) Supplement to Materia Medica: "Those who suffer from the above pain ("above "means" up and down ") take it."
⑤ Ben Feng Jingyuan: "The pox virus is confined to the upper part and cannot be released. If the irrigation of the lower back, tibia and knee is late, it will be used as a downward guide. "
⑥ "Nanjing Folk Herbs": "Fresh roots soaked in wine to treat stomach pain; Beat well with sugar and apply it to your forehead for one day and one night. When you see blisters on your skin, remove them immediately to treat swollen gums. "
⑦ Anhui medicine: "Beating eyebrows to cure diphtheria."
8 Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine: "expelling wind and removing dampness, dredging channels and collaterals, promoting diuresis and relieving pain." Treat rheumatism and bone pain, jaundice, edema, dysuria, migraine and traumatic injury. "
Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 2 ~ 3 yuan; Soak in wine or take pills or powder. External use: tamping.
Should avoid qi deficiency and blood weakness, no wind, cold and dampness.
(1) "sea remedies": "bad tea is bad for noodle soup."
② "Materia Medica": "Fasting, taking more to relieve the qi of the five internal organs."
(3) The Classic of Materia Medica: "The disease is not rheumatism, but yang is full of fire, blood deficiency is accompanied by heat, exterior deficiency is accompanied by sweat, and sarcoidosis is caused by thirst and body heat should not be used."
④ "Materia Medica": "Anyone with blood deficiency causing wind, or those with qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity, spleen deficiency, qi stagnation and dampness resistance, and phlegm drinking are forbidden in Xian Yi."
Prescription 1 is used to treat hand-foot paralysis with occasional pain; Or bruises, unbearable pain, or paralysis: five ounces of Radix Clematidis (fried), four ounces of raw Radix Aconiti, and four ounces of trogopterori. For the end, vinegar paste pills, five big. Take seven capsules each time and use salt soup. Avoid tea. (Puji Fang)
② Treatment of apoplexy, such as paralysis of hands and feet, mouth and eyes askew, bone wind, soreness of waist and knees, typhoid headache, runny nose, itchy skin, scrofula, hemorrhoids, secret large intestine and small intestine, and amenorrhea of women: clean Clematis chinensis, bake it to powder, slightly wet it with good wine, put it in a bamboo tube, plug the mouth, steam it for nine times, and then sprinkle the wine when it is dry. Take 20 ~ 30 capsules each time, with wine and soup. ("Folk Prescriptions at Sea")
③ Treating kidney wind with heavy waist and knees: Clematis chinensis. Honey, Woods is very big. Take eighty pills with warm wine. If there is no benefit, take 100 tablets again, stop taking medicine, eat porridge for a month, and still eat warm tonic frequently. (Sun Wanzhang)
4 Long-term treatment of low back and leg pain: Clematis Five Liang. Pulverize the fine Luo into powder. Before each meal, warm up your money and make a small profit every day. (Sheng Huifang's Clematis Powder) Another recipe: use a catty of Clematis, wash it, soak it in good wine for seven days, take it out and grind it into powder, and add batter to make balls as big as scorpions. Take 20 pills each time, and take them with medicine and wine.
⑤ Treating abdominal beriberi, abdominal distension and dyspnea: Radix Clematidis, two yuan each time, under wine. If the pain is reduced by one point, the medicine will be reduced by one point. ("purely unilateral")
⑥ Malaria treatment: Clematis chinensis, take wine for one minute, water for one minute, fry for one minute, and take it warm. (primitive materia medica)
⑦ Cure choking: a handful of Clematis, half a bowl of vinegar and honey, fry for five minutes, and spit. (Tang Jing Yao's folk prescription)
8 Treat phlegm, cough and vomiting without eating anything: Clematis chinensis (baked) and Pinellia ternata (baked with ginger juice). Finally, fry the paste with Gleditsia sinensis water, and the pill is as big as mung bean. Take seven to ten capsules each time, under ginger soup, three times a day, until January. Avoid tea and noodles. (summary)
Pet-name ruby treatment: one or two clematis root and one peach kernel. The top is good at the end. San Qian is very heavy and should be adjusted by spraying with warm water. ("Puji Fang" Hua iron powder)
Attending to cure addiction: Clematis finally. Honey pills are as big as marbles, one is packed in a red silk bag, and four pairs are boiled with refined pork. Take medicine and eat meat, taking knowledge as the measure. (Clematis Pills, The Finger of a Teenager)
⑾ Treating cold accumulation in large intestine: Clematis chinensis. Honey, Woods is very big. At first glance, you should eat ten to twenty capsules of ginger soup. (Experience Prescription)
⑿ Treat gas pains for men and women, no matter how long: five ounces of clematis root, two and a half ounces of raw leek root, five cents of linderae root, one glass of good wine and one egg. After a night of ash stew, Wu Geng regarded the chicken shell as a soft egg. Slag and warm clothes, press with dry things, sleep on your side and move to the side of the block; The residue is fried again and taken the next day, which will hurt and also test it. (Picking Fiona Fang)
[13] Intestinal wind disease is not difficult to treat: Herba Epimedii (removing soil) and Celosia cristata. Serve the two flavors, file them, cook them with two liters of rice vinegar, fry them, pound them into powder, make cookies with raw chicken, bake them, and refine them. Every time you eat two Bi Yuan, they are all hollow. You can eat them after noon. ("Ling Xian San Sheng Ji Zong Lu")
[14] Treatment of hemorrhoid swelling and pain: clematis triliang. A bucket of water, fried soup, smoked first, then washed, cooled and then warmed. (The Nature of Surgery)
⒂ Treatment of fecal poisoning: two clematis, two Fritillaria and two Anemarrhena asphodeloides. To end it. Every time you drink San Qian, mix it with the hollow wine. Take it again if you don't leave. (The mysterious folk prescription of carbuncle, clematis powder)
⒃ Treatment of tetanus: half a slice of clematis, one slice of garlic and one slice of sesame oil. Mash them together, serve them with hot wine and sweat them out. ("Healthy Simple Prescription")
⒄ Treatment of chicken and goose bones: five yuan for Clematis. Jing Hua Shui Fu Jian ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu")
⒅ Treat the pharynx of the valleys. Clematis is 12 cents, Amomum villosum is 12 cents, and sugar is 12 cents. Water for two minutes, fry for one minute, and eat warm. (summary)
9. Treatment of toothache: Radix Clematidis and Ranunculus ternatus, each in equal amount. Methods: The fresh herbs were washed, mashed to get juice, and 75% alcohol was added to 1000 ml of the juice for storage. Usage: Rub the toothache with a cotton swab dipped in medicine. Be careful not to rub too much to avoid foaming. (Selected Works of the Whole Exhibition, ENT)
Clinical application ① Treatment of mumps
Clean fresh Radix Clematidis, cut into sections, and mash. Add half a catty of rice vinegar per 1 catty and soak it in a glass bottle. Cover tightly so as not to be discouraged. After 3 days, take out the vinegar infusion and dip it in the affected area with a cotton swab, and apply it every 2 ~ 3 hours 1 time. 32 cases were treated, except for 4 cases with unknown curative effect, all symptoms disappeared within 1 ~ 3 days.
② Treatment of acute icteric infectious hepatitis.
Drying and grinding Radix Clematidis into fine powder, mixing 3 yuan with 1 egg each time, and frying with vegetable oil or sesame oil before taking. Three times a day for three days. Avoid beef, pork and hot and sour. Treatment 15 cases, cure 14 cases.
③ Treatment of filariasis.
Chop fresh radix clematidis 1 kg, add water and decoct for half an hour, take juice, and then add brown sugar 1 kg and white wine for 2 minutes. The total dose is 5 days 10 times, every morning and evening 1 time, and the dosage of children should be reduced as appropriate. Among the 33 patients with positive general survey, after treatment, 27 cases were negative for microfilaria after 1 ~ 2 reexaminations. It is observed that the curative effect is related to dose and course of treatment. If the dose is less than 1 kg, the curative effect is poor; The effective rate of two courses is higher than that of one course. No serious reaction was found after taking the medicine, only a few patients had burning sensation, nausea and mild stomach warming.
④ Treating arthritis.
Chop up 1 kg of Clematis chinensis, add 3 kg of Chinese liquor, stew in the pot for half an hour, take it out and filter for later use. 10 ~ 20ml each time, 3 ~ 4 times a day. Treatment of 15 cases has certain effect on improving symptoms.
⑤ Treat sty and conjunctivitis.
First, take a piece of 2.5x2.5 adhesive tape, cut a small hole (as big as a soybean) in the center and stick it on the Neiguan point on the opposite side of the affected eye (if both eyes are sick, stick it on both sides). Then, take the fresh leaves of Clematis chinensis, mash them, rub them into small balls as big as soybeans, fix them with a layer of adhesive tape, and gently press your thumb on the acupuncture points for half a minute to strengthen the * * * effect of the medicine on the acupuncture points. It usually takes about 40 minutes, and there is a slight spicy feeling in some areas. You can remove the tape and medicine; After about 1 day, small blisters appeared locally, which should be protected from infection. Treatment of sty 12 cases, conjunctivitis 6 cases, traumatic corneal ulcer 1 case, with an average of 3 days.
⑥ Treat tonsillitis.
Take fresh Clematis chinensis (or stems and leaves alone) 2 taels (dried product is halved), wash it, make soup or take it as tea, daily 1 dose. 247 cases were observed, and the effective rate was 90%. Or mash the juice with fresh clematis leaves and soak it with cotton strips to block the nasal congestion. It has curative effects on pharyngolaryngitis, tonsillitis, acute epiglottitis and bony larynx. Usage: Rub the sterile cotton into a strip of 4 ~ 5 cm, and put one end of the sterile cotton into the nostril (left pain plug left, right pain plug right) to reach the upper nasal passage. About 4 ~ 6 minutes, the patient will cry and sneeze, and the symptoms will be obviously relieved in about 30 minutes. If it does not heal, it must be repeated every 4 to 6 hours.
⑦ Treatment of bone carp
Take two portions of Clematis chinensis 1, add 2 bowls of water, fry them into 1 bowl, and swallow them slowly. After half a dose of 1 hour, you can take 1 ~ 2 doses a day. If the bone is in the esophagus, rehydration and anti-infection should be carried out as appropriate. 104 cases were treated, 90 cases disappeared smoothly after taking the medicine, and 14 cases were taken out under laryngoscope or esophagoscope, and the effective rate was about 85%. Among them, 32 cases were hypopharynx (all fish bones), and 27 cases disappeared smoothly after taking 1 ~ 3 doses; 72 cases of esophageal epiphysis (35 cases complicated with different degrees of infection) were treated with antibiotics, rehydration and fasting. After taking 1 ~ 8 doses, the barium meal passed the X-ray fluoroscopy smoothly, and 1 case had no complications. It is observed that the therapeutic effect is related to the size of the foreign body, the blocking position and the depth of the foreign body inserted into the soft tissue. From the animal experiments and clinical results, the effects of Clematis chinensis on bone fish may be as follows: 1. It directly acts on smooth muscle to enhance excitability, from rhythmic contraction to peristalsis. After the local contracture of two bones, the local relaxation and peristalsis are changed through the antihistamine effect of Clematis chinensis, which makes the bones easy to loosen. The upper end of esophagus is striated muscle, and the middle and lower ends are smooth muscle, which may be related to this. Three clematis root has no direct softening effect on bone, but the secretion of throat and esophagus is acidic, which is helpful to its curative effect. However, it should be pointed out that if four doses of drugs are ineffective, surgical removal should be considered in combination with the type of foreign body and the obstruction site to avoid delaying the illness. In addition, it is also effective to decoct the liquid medicine with five points of clematis and rice vinegar and swallow it slowly.
The famous expert discussed (1) the prescription for collecting drugs at sea: "Clematis, except for all winds, can pass through the twelve meridians, dispel cold and pus in the five internal organs, and get sick with little profit." When people take this medicine, their limbs are light and healthy, and their hands and feet are warm and cool. "
(2) Outline: "Clematis, warm in nature, slightly pungent and salty." Pungent, discouraged and salty, so it is effective and generally beneficial for people with qi deficiency. Long-term use will be afraid of damaging the true qi, and it is not suitable for the weak. "
(3) Materia Medica: "Clematis, the master of all winds, is also a good prescription for wind medicine. Cold stagnation in the abdomen is mostly due to cold, dampness and phlegm turbidity in the heart diaphragm, so drinking stops at the upper middle jiao, and wind energy overcomes dampness. Dampness likes dryness, so it is also the main reason. The bladder is full of pus, which is not caused by dampness, and the waist and knees are cold and painful. It is also caused by the invasion of tendons in the lower part of wet flow, which can dispel wind and remove dampness, and the disease will go with it. It is said that it is dysentery, scabies, air lumps and bruises that have accumulated for a long time. " There are many people suffering from blood, but few people suffering from gas, and it is not all because of dampness, so I am afraid it is not suitable, so just care. "
(4) "Medicine Meaning": "The spirit is immortal, fierce and anxious, but not guarded, which leads to the twelve meridians. Indications: Wind, dampness, phlegm and blood stasis blocking collaterals, resulting in gout, joint pain, swelling or numbness. Those suffering from wind, those suffering from dampness, and those suffering from lower abdomen, which are depressed for a long time, become blood heat, take blood heat as the basis, and take phlegm as the standard, so as to dredge meridians, then blood stagnates and phlegm is blocked. If the hand and foot fail after stroke, it can be used as an auxiliary means to promote the airway. Mix well with wine to cure the pain of two hips. " Because of its strong strength, it can also strengthen cartilage, so that it can be used together with Xiong Xiong, Gui Gui, Tortoise Shell and Yu Xue to treat strain bone failure, and experience will affect it. "
⑤ "Materia Medica Justice": "Clematis, with the function of dredging meridians and relieving cough, is suitable for eliminating dampness and stopping phlegm, and coagulation and qi stagnation." It is slightly pungent, so it is also called expelling wind. However, it is appropriate that the wind, cold and dampness stagnate and condense, and the joints are not conducive to various diseases. However, the nature is quite sharp, and the meaning of the name can be imagined. However, it is misleading to say that stroke treatment is silent, hands and feet are paralyzed, and the mouth and eyes are skewed. "
Reminder: Clematis is a Chinese herbal medicine on the Internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before use.