1.
Li Siguang, (1889-1971), Mongolian, named Zhonggong, formerly known as Li Zhongkui, was born on October 26, 1889 in a poor family in Huanggang County, Hubei Province. He attended a private school taught by his father Li Zhuohou since he was a child. When he was 14 years old, he said goodbye to his parents and came to Wuchang alone to apply for a higher primary school. When filling out the registration form, he mistakenly mistook the name column for the age column and wrote the word "fourteen". Then he had an idea and changed "ten" to "Li", followed by the word "光". He became famous as "Li Siguang".
Li Siguang’s greatest contribution was the creation of geomechanics, and he studied the phenomenon of crustal movement from a mechanical point of view, explored the laws of geological movement and mineral distribution, the characteristics of the New Cathay tectonic system, analyzed my country’s geological conditions, and explained There must be oil on China's land. It theoretically overturns the conclusion that China is poor in oil and affirms that China has good oil storage conditions. After listening to the report carefully, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai supported his views, and based on his suggestions, began a large-scale oil survey in the Songliao Plain and the North China Plain. In 1956, he personally presided over the oil survey and exploration work. In a short period of time, he successively discovered Daqing, Shengli, Dagang, Huabei, Jianghan and other oil fields, making immortal contributions to China's petroleum industry. From the late 1950s to the 1960s, the exploration department successively discovered large oil fields such as Daqing Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield, and Huabei Oilfield. When the country was in urgent need of energy for national construction, rolling oil came out. In this way, it not only removes the label of "China is poor in oil", but also provides the most powerful proof for Li Siguang's original geomechanics theory.
2.
Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283) was born in Luling (now Ji'an) in the Southern Song Dynasty.
At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial court was located in the south of the Yangtze River and the country was weak. In 1271, the northern Mongols ended their internal fratricidal struggle for the throne and established the Yuan Dynasty. Then they directed their invasion towards the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1273, Prime Minister Boyan led an army of 200,000 troops to capture Xiang and Fan. They used this as a breakthrough point and moved down the river. In less than two years, they reached the suburbs of Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Wherever the Mongolian soldiers passed, corpses littered the fields, rivers of blood flowed, farmland was abandoned, and industries withered. This was an unprecedented and brutal war of aggression. The Southern Song Dynasty faced a serious threat of national subjugation and genocide. It was under this situation that Wen Tianxiang appeared. A great national hero who fought against aggression.
3.
Xu Beihong. (1895-1953), a modern painting master and art educator who drew on the strengths of both Chinese and Western art. Xu Beihong was born in a rural area and his family was poor. His father, Xu Dazhang, was a village school teacher and was good at painting flowers, birds and figures. Xu Beihong started studying at home school at the age of 4, and he became interested in painting at an early age. He studied painting with his father at the age of 9, and by the age of 10 he was already working as his father's assistant. During the busy farming season, he also worked as a farmer, and his poor working life enabled him to develop a diligent, simple style and an honest and upright character from an early age. When he was 13 years old, he encountered a period of great famine and traveled with his father, making a living by selling calligraphy and paintings. When he was 17 years old, his father became seriously ill and the family situation deteriorated. The burden of life for a family of eight fell on Xu Beihong's shoulders. He worked as a painting teacher in primary and secondary schools, and also went to Shanghai and other places to make a living by selling paintings. When he was 19, his father passed away and his family became increasingly poor.
In 1915, Xu Beihong went to Shanghai again. With the help of friends, he stayed in a corner of the "Leisure Club" (a casino at the time), worked hard on creation, and at the same time went to night school to study French. He drew a horse and sent it to Gao Jianfu, director of the Aesthetic Library. His younger brother Gao Qifeng admired his painting skills very much. At this time, although Xu Beihong was admitted to Aurora University, he had no money to study. Fortunately, he received financial support from Gao Qifeng. Later, he met Kang Youwei and had the opportunity to view Kang's collection of inscriptions. He was also influenced by Kang Youwei in his artistic outlook. In 1917, Xu Beihong went to Tokyo, Japan, to study art. He returned to Beijing in the autumn. At the invitation of Cai Yuanpei, he served as a tutor for the Painting Research Society of Peking University and met Chen Shizeng. In 1919, he went to France to study. He studied sketching in the studio of the famous painter Dayang. In 1921, he went to Germany and studied in the studio of the painter Camp. He returned to Paris the following year. Returned to China via Singapore in 1925. In the spring of the next year, he went to Paris again, then to Brussels, Belgium, for painting, and traveled to Switzerland and Italy.
After returning to China in 1927, he successively served as professor of the Art Department of Central University, director of the Art Department of Shanghai Nanguo Art College, and dean of the Art School of Peking University. In 1933, he took modern Chinese paintings to exhibitions in France, Germany, Belgium, Italy and the Soviet Union. During the Anti-Japanese War, he exhibited his works in Nanyang, India and other Southeast Asian regions, and donated all his income to refugees in his motherland.
On the eve of liberation, the Kuomintang government sent a plane to take Xu Beihong and a group of famous professors to Nanjing, but Xu Beihong refused. After liberation, he was invited to be China's representative at the World Peace Conference and served as president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He was also elected as a standing member of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a representative of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the All-China Art Workers Association. In 1952, while he was ill, he donated his life's creations and all his collected works to the country. He died of illness in 1953 and lived only 59 years old. The state established the Xu Beihong Memorial Hall in Beijing for this great artist, preserving more than a thousand of his works. He created thousands of works throughout his life and cultivated and discovered a large number of outstanding art talents.
Xu Beihong is good at Chinese painting, oil painting, and especially sketching. His paintings are full of passion and skill. Famous oil paintings include "My Empress of the Stream", "Tian Heng Five Hundred Soldiers", and traditional Chinese paintings include "Nine Fang Gao", "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain", "Meeting in Tokyo", etc. Nothing can best reflect Xu Beihong's personality and express his thoughts and feelings than his paintings of horses. He made long-term observations and studies on the muscles, bones and expressions of horses, and drew thousands of sketches. Therefore, the horse pictures he painted were smooth and unrestrained, not arrogant in places, not trivial in details, strong in muscles and bones, majestic in form and spirit. There are also some works with characters, lions, cats and other themes, which are also of high quality and large quantity. His painting creation adheres to the principle of "learning from nature and seeking the truth".
4.
Tong Dizhou is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (academician), biologist, educator, and one of the founders of experimental embryology research in China. He once served as vice president of Shandong University, first director of the Institute of Oceanography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice chairman of the Chinese Marine and Limnological Society, director of the Department of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, director and professor of the Department of Zoology of Shandong University, etc. job.
Tong Dizhou is a famous biologist in my country and an internationally renowned scientist. He has been engaged in experimental embryology research for nearly half a century and is the main founder of experimental embryology in my country.
Tong Dizhou was born in a remote mountain village in Yin County, Zhejiang Province. Due to a poor family, he studied cultural knowledge from his father when he was a child. He did not enter school until he was 17 years old.
When he was in middle school, due to his poor foundation, he struggled to study. At the end of the first semester, his average score was only 45 points. The school ordered him to drop out of school or repeat a grade. After his repeated requests, the school allowed him to study with the class on a trial basis for one semester.
Since then, he has always been with the "street lamp": at dawn, he read foreign languages ????under the street lamp; after the lights were turned off at night, he repaired himself under the street lamp. Hard work paid off. By the end of the semester, his average score reached more than 70 points, and he scored 100 points in geometry. This incident made him realize a truth: I can do what others can do through hard work. There is no genius in the world, and genius is obtained through labor. After that, this became his motto.
After graduating from university, he went to study in Belgium. While studying abroad, Tong Dizhou studied hard and was diligent and studious, which was highly praised by his teachers. After receiving his doctorate, he returned to his disaster-ridden motherland and conducted scientific research under extremely difficult conditions.
Without electric lights, they used natural light to cut and separate eggs under a microscope in a dark yard; without glassware for culturing embryos, they used stoneware wine glasses instead, and used microdissection techniques. The instrument is just a very thin glass fiber that I pulled myself; the frog eggs used in the experiment were all collected from the wild. In this simple "laboratory", Tong Dizhou and his colleagues completed several papers on the analysis of the development ability of goldfish eggs and the analysis of the ciliary movement mechanism of frog embryos.
After liberation, while Tong Dizhou served as vice president of Shandong University, he studied the development rules of amphioxus eggs, which play an important role in biological evolution, and made great achievements.
In his later years, he collaborated with Professor Niu Manjiang of Temple University in the United States to study the relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. They extracted a nucleic acid from the cytoplasm of crucian carp eggs and injected it into the fertilized eggs of goldfish. The results An offspring with both goldfish and crucian carp traits appeared, and the tail fin of this goldfish changed from a double tail to a single tail. This kind of creative achievement ranks among the advanced in the world.
5.
Rong Guotuan (1937-1968) was originally from Zhongshan, Guangdong (now Nanping Town, Zhuhai). Chinese table tennis player and coach, the first world champion in Chinese table tennis.
In 1956, Rong Guotuan defeated Ichiro Ogimura, the main player of the visiting world table tennis team champion Japanese team, 2:0. The following year, he represented the Federation of Trade Unions table tennis team in the Hong Kong competition and won three championships in men's singles, doubles and men's team. This year he returned to Guangzhou with his father to settle down, and was admitted to the Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education. In 1958, he represented Guangzhou in the National Nine Cities Table Tennis Championships and won the national men's singles championship. In terms of technical methods, Rong Guotuan developed the traditional Chinese left-pushing and right-attacking method, and successfully created new technologies of serving and non-rotating balls, rubbing and non-rotating balls. After being selected for the national team, he painstakingly developed the pen-hand fast-break style. The ball has a wide path, and he is especially good at serving. He is good at pushing, pulling, cutting, rubbing and forehand and backhand attack skills, and quickly formed a technical style of "fast, accurate, ruthless and changing". In March 1959, the 25th World Table Tennis Championships was held in Dortmund, West Germany. In the men's singles, Rong Guotuan finally competed with Hungarian veteran Sido, who has won nine world championships. In view of Sido's obese figure, he served both long and short, combined with side topspin, and increased the angle of the kill. He won three consecutive games and defeated Sido after losing one game first. Rong Guotuan's name was engraved on the St. Bradford Cup for the first time, becoming the first Chinese table tennis athlete to win the world championship. In April 1961, at the men's team final of the 26th World Table Tennis Championships held in Beijing, Rong Guotuan shed tears when the Chinese team lost 3:4.
The female player Qiu Zhonghui asked him when she saw him. He replied that he had lost two games, and then said excitedly: "It's rare to fight in life. If you don't fight now, how long will it be?" He cheered up, swung his racket and beat Su. Japanese player Hoshino, known as the "fierce lion", defeated the Japanese team 5:3 and won the Swaythlin Cup for the first time, making great achievements for our country. Since then, the famous saying "There are only so many chances in life" has been spread.
6.
Jeme Tien Yow (April 26, 1861 – April 24, 1919), nicknamed Juancheng, courtesy name Dachao, was born in Nanhai, Guangdong , originally from Wuyuan, Anhui Province, was China's first railway engineer. He was responsible for the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and other projects. He is known as the "Father of Chinese Railways" and "The Father of Modern Chinese Engineering".
In 1905, the Qing government decided to build my country's first railway, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway (Beijing to Zhangjiakou). Britain and Russia both wanted to intervene, but due to the strong opposition of the Chinese people, their attempts failed. The British and Russian envoys said in a threatening tone: "If the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is built by Chinese engineers themselves, it will have nothing to do with Britain and Russia." They thought that this way, China would not be able to build this railway. At this critical moment, Zhan Tianyou took over this arduous task without hesitation and took full responsibility for the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. When the news came, some imperialists and British newspapers said sarcastically: "China's engineers who can build this railway are still unborn in their mothers' wombs! If the Chinese want to build their own railways without relying on foreigners, even if it is not a dream, it will take at least five years. Ten years." They even attacked Zhan Tianyou as "arrogant" and "overestimating his capabilities" as the general office and chief engineer. Zhan Tianyou resisted the pressure and insisted not to hire a foreign engineer, and said: "China has a vast land and rich resources, but we must rely on outsiders to work along the way. I feel ashamed!" "China has woken up. The Chinese people must use their own engineers and their own money to build the railway.”
In August 1905, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway officially started construction, and the intense exploration and line selection work began. Zhan Tianyou personally led the students and workers, carrying benchmarks and theodolite, running around the rugged mountains day and night. One evening, a strong northwest wind roared with sand and rocks in the Badaling area, making people unable to open their eyes. The survey team was anxious to finish their work, fill in the measured numbers, and climb down from the rock wall. Zhan Tianyou took the book, looked through the numbers filled in, and asked doubtfully: "Are the data accurate?" "Absolutely", the survey team member replied. Zhan Tianyou said solemnly: "The first requirement of technology is precision, without any vagueness or rashness. Terms like 'probably' and 'almost' are not allowed in the mouths of engineers." Then, he carried the instrument on his back and braved the wind and sand. , struggled to climb up the rock wall again, carefully surveyed it again, and corrected an error. When he came down, his lips were blue from the cold.
Soon, exploration and construction entered the most difficult stage. In the Badaling and Qinglongqiao area, there are overlapping mountains and steep cliffs. Four tunnels need to be opened, the longest of which is more than a thousand meters long. After precise measurements and calculations, Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt a segmented construction method: he dug from the north and south ends of the mountain at the same time, opened a large well in the middle of the mountain, and then dug in the well to the north and south ends. This not only ensures the construction quality but also speeds up the project progress. When digging a hole, a large amount of stones were dug manually with spades, and the spring water had to be picked out one by one. As the chief engineer, Zhan Tianyou had no pretensions. He dug stones and carried water together with the workers. Sludge's face was sweaty. He also encouraged everyone: "The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the first railway we built with our own people and our own money. The eyes of the world are looking at us. We must succeed!" "Whether we succeed or fail, it is never ours." The success and failure are the success and failure of our country!”
In order to overcome the difficulty of driving on steep slopes and ensure that the train can climb Badaling safely, Zhan Tianyou was ingenious and creatively used the principle of “return lines” to A herringbone line was designed in the Qinglongqiao section of the mountainous area with steep slopes, thereby reducing the need for tunnel excavation and lowering the slope. When the train arrives here, it cooperates with two high-power locomotives to pull and push to ensure that the train goes uphill safely.
Zhan Tianyou once put forward three requirements for the entire project: "low cost, good quality, and quick completion." After several struggles by workers, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was finally opened to traffic in September 1909. It was originally planned to be completed in six years, but it was completed ahead of schedule in only four years. The project cost was only one-fifth of the foreign estimate. Some European and American engineers praised Zhan Tianyou after taking a bus tour and praised him for his greatness. But Zhan Tianyou said modestly: "This is the strength of more than 10,000 employees of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. It is not my personal contribution. The glory should belong to everyone.
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