[1] is selected from The Book of Songs (Zhu's Biography of Poems, Volume I, Shanghai Shareholders Publishing House, 1980). The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China, with 305 poems in the Zhou Dynasty. Nan Zhou, the regional name of the Zhou Dynasty, generally refers to the area from the south of Luoyang to the Hanjiang River Basin. The title of the article "Guanju" takes two words from the first sentence "Guanju dove".
[2] Guan Guan: the call of male and female birds responding to each other.
[3] pheasant dove [1]: a kind of waterfowl, namely the pheasant.
[4] mainland: land in water.
[5] Yan: profound. Metaphor woman's spiritual beauty;
[6] Yan: Beautiful. A metaphor for a woman's beautiful appearance.
[7] Gentle and graceful: beautiful and quiet. A lady, a virtuous and beautiful woman.
[8] My Fair Lady: A quiet and beautiful girl. Beautiful and quiet appearance. Shu, kind and kind.
[9] Good wife. Yi, the meaning of spouse.
[10] Uneven: uneven length.
[1 1] shepherd's purse: an aquatic plant. Round leaves and thin stems, rooted in the bottom of the water, leaves floating on the water, edible.
[12] process: search. It refers to shepherd's purse
[13] Left and right flow: choose shepherd's purse from left to right. Here, we try our best to get shepherd's purse, which is a metaphor for "gentlemen" trying to pursue "ladies"
[14] Wake up and sleep. Refers to day and night. Hey, wake up. Sleep, sleep. In addition, Ma said in the notes and annotations of Biography of Mao Poetry: "Sleeping is still a dream." It is also barrier-free.
[15] Sifu: missing. Here, think about it. Mao Chuan: "Take it and think about it."
[16] You: Feeling. See Guo Pu's note in Er Ya Shi Shi. Yes: words. Youyou, I still say "Miss, Miss".
[17] tossing and turning: tossing and turning can't sleep. Rolling, exhibition of ancient figures. Zhanzhuan, that is, opposite. On the other hand, it is still a rollover.
[18] Qin and Qin are both stringed instruments. Piano with five or seven strings, harp with twenty-five or fifty strings.
Friend: It means close here. This sentence is about getting close to "ladies" with harps and harps.
[20] select, select.
[2 1] Bell and drum music: Playing music with a clock makes her happy. Making ... fun. [2]
translate
Pheasants and pigeons sing on the sandbar in the middle of the river. A quiet and beautiful girl, an ideal companion for a young man.
Jagged shepherd's purse, go fishing on both sides of the river A quiet and beautiful girl who wants to pursue day and night.
If the pursuit fails, my heart hangs day and night. The night is endless, and it is difficult to sleep over and over.
Picking up the ragged shepherd's purse with both hands. A quiet and beautiful girl, playing the piano to express her love.
Both sides are carefully selected ragged shepherd's purse. A quiet and beautiful girl, the bell brings her a smile.
2. Who can tell me about the poem Guan Ju?
The Book of Songs in Pre-Qin Dynasty
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river.
A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day.
Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.
Shepherd's purse is uneven, left and right [1].
A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
Note: pheasant dove: the name of waterfowl, namely osprey. Legend has it that they are single-minded
Autumn: (Qi) is a foreign word, (Qi), which means kill two birds with one stone.
Shepherd's purse: the name of aquatic plants
Wake up, sleep, sleep.
[1]: Tone cap, indicating selection.
Guan Ju is Nan Zhou's first poem and the first poem in The Book of Songs. The ancients put it at the top of 300 articles, which shows its importance. Confucius said, "Guan Ju is happy but not lewd, and sad but not hurt." Since then, scholars in all previous dynasties have evaluated Guan Ju as "compromising with Confucius". Guan Ju tells the story of a man's yearning for a woman, his pursuit process, the pain he can't get and the happiness he can get. His style of writing, meaning, sound and emotion are all good, which is the beginning of "national style" and the crown of the Book of Songs.
In the poem, the man heard the birdsong by the river, walked along the birdsong, and saw a pair of turtledoves on the sandbar, which aroused a beautiful association-a lady is a gentleman. Therefore, the first chapter of the poem says: "The pigeon in Guanguan is a gentle and graceful lady in Jiangzhou, and a gentleman is very graceful." While he was listening to pigeons singing, a girl was picking shepherd's purse by the river. Her graceful gesture of picking shepherd's purse left an unforgettable impression on him, and his love came to him, making him miss her awake and dreaming. The following four sentences are "welcome", which summarizes this strong sense of excitement. However, because the pursuit of this girl did not achieve her goal, she was "awake and thinking" and "tossing and turning". The eight sentences in the second chapter describe the man's pain and anxiety day and night. The last chapter further expresses the man's deep yearning and good wishes for the leek picking girl. Friends of the Hare and the Music of the Bells and Drums are the wishes he wants to realize, that is, the lively scenes he imagined when he got married.
What are the artistic features of Guan Ju and Jian Jia?
Both Guan Ju and Jia Jian can read * * * love poems, but there are great differences in style and expression.
The poem "Looking at Luo" focuses on "narration", from which we can clearly see that the young man went from falling in love with "My Fair Lady" to pursuing her, but did not pursue her and got her in fantasy. But there is no clear story in Jiaxu. The first chapter is about the hero who looks at the ocean and sighs, chasing after it, while the Iraqi people are at arm's length. The second and third chapters are repeated recitations of the first chapter, highlighting the arduous and long pursuit, rendering the hero's feelings long and lasting, and showing the emotional state that the hero can't get close to "Iraqis" and always lights up hope. Compared with Guan Yu, Jianji has stronger emotional charm.
In terms of artistic techniques, the characteristics of "Xing" in Jiaxu are more prominent than those in Guanju. Images such as "concurrently", "water" and "yi" complement each other and blend into one, forming a complete artistic world with popular things and objects to be described. At the beginning, the scene of reeds growing by the water in autumn is exactly "expressing meaning with images" and has the role of "passion" Because of the reed, and under the reflection of the sky and water, it is bound to present a state of confusion, showing the realm of "hazy love" in the hero's heart from one side. The hero has no contact with "Iraqi people" and doesn't even know each other's names, but as long as he can see farther, he will be satisfied. "Dimness" and "distance" are the moving parts of this poem.
3. Guan Ju told a story. Guanju is a poem with simple meaning.
Perhaps it is best in music, just as Confucius commented on the Analects of Confucius, Taber: "The beginning of the loyalty of teachers, the chaos of officials gathering, the joy of echo." Chaos is an ensemble at the end of music.
It is the second best in meaning. Guan Ju didn't really write, but wrote in vain.
Dai Junen said: "This poem only has' My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Good at My Fair Lady', but I turned over what I didn't get and wrote a scene of complaining; Digging out a passage that has been obtained and writing a happy scene is nothing more than describing the word' a gentleman is good at it'. If you recognize the reality, it is a dream in a dream. "
Niu Yunzhen said: "Tossing and turning, playing pipa and playing bells and drums are all imaginary in the air, expressing feelings in the air, and poets think that the facts are lost." Are very insightful.
Poetry describes the love between men and women in a virtual way, that is, the so-called "ideological realm", such as Han Guang, such as the moon rising, such as Zepi, and so on, and Guan Ju is the quietest and gentlest, with a beginning and an end, especially the happy ending. As a music song, send it as ". However, whether as music or as songs, it is uneven and not monotonous.
He said to Sun Yi, "I'm glad to have it, but I'm sleepy and still thinking about it. Leisurely, tossing and turning', these four sentences are the waves in the poem. Without these four sentences, the whole poem is not only flat, but also cadence, with short, sharp and tight syllables. How can it be influenced by orchestral strings?
Suddenly, these four sentences are inserted between the four stacks before and after My Fair Lady, and I feel that the whole article is full of leisurely movements. "Deng Xiang said:" If you get this discount, the literary situation will be uneven, and the following Friends and Happiness will be even more interesting.
Leisurely leisurely', two sentences are one sentence,' tossing and turning', and four sentences are one sentence. The literary spirit is here, and the music tunes are here to have a rest. The next chapter is to pick up the front cavity. "
Although "pause" and "front cavity" are people's intentions to guess the ancients in the future, such speculation is not unreasonable. Accordingly, Guan Yu naturally did not belong to oral singing, but was "made" through some thoughtful arrangements.
In fact, it can also be said that "three hundred poems" is better than. "Guan Guan pheasant dove, in Hezhou", Mao Chuan: "Master Xing."
But how to prosper is a big problem. If all the expositions on "Xing" in the past dynasties are edited, I'm afraid it will be a masterpiece. How dare you talk about it easily?
However, after reading the poem, there is no way to avoid the problem of happiness, so we have to perfunctory a few ordinary words. The so-called "xing" can be said to cause a topic, or it is caused by the scene.
The combination of this scene and emotion is mostly the poet's current sentiment, which can be immediate or wishful thinking; The former is a real scene and the latter is a psychological image. But it only causes the topic, and once it enters the topic, it can be put aside, so there is no direct metaphor in "Xing", if there is one, it is "Bi".
As for the relationship between scenery and emotion or between things and heart, that is, the scenery is so emotional that it is enlightened. Although this day is direct to the poet, it is subtle if others look at it. In fact, in the poet himself, it is not fleeting and difficult to capture. Times have changed, and it is more difficult for future generations to find a definitive answer. What's more, the creation of "poetry" has a history, and the creation comes first. Many of them first became aphorisms, including sentences with form and meaning, and the author took over at once, combining his own feelings at the moment. The same interest can still have different meanings.
But we might as well look at it from what we can perceive. Luo Dajing said: "Du Shaoling's quatrains say:' The mountains and rivers are beautiful in the evening, and the flowers and plants are fragrant in the spring breeze.
Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach. Or this is not the same as the child's animal sign, I say otherwise.
In the first two sentences, there is no business between the two rooms, and in the last two sentences, nothing is uncomfortable. It is not enough to swim here and feel the inner joy. "
Why don't we look at the prosperity of poetry with this heart? There is no business between the two rooms, and nothing is suitable. This is the simplest and most direct feeling that nature gives people. Therefore, we can take this as a standard to look at people's things: or everything is like this, so people are happy, such as "Peach every day, burning its flowers" ("Nan Zhou Yao Tao"), such as "Yo Yo Luming Literature, the apple in the field" ("Xiaoya Luming Literature"). Or everything is like this, and people are not like this, so they are sad and resentful, such as "the male pheasant flies in the air, venting its feathers" ("the wind is fierce"), such as "learning from the grain wind, taking the rain as the shade" ("the wind is the grain wind"), such as "the spring water in the mountains"
It is probably not the original intention to advocate pure natural scenery in the poem. In a word, Xing is special because it is so direct to poets, but it is often obscure to others. However, if we understand that the poet regards the sudden change of the four seasons of heaven and earth and the ups and downs of all natural things as the witness and contrast of life, then the meaning of xing is very clear.
Although simple, I have a deep understanding of life. "The music of bells and drums" is the identity language, and the most charming sentence is "Friends of the Harp".
Zhu said, "Friends are love." Fu Guangshen said: "Those who care about their friends are friends of brothers and sisters."
In this way, the description of "Yan Er is new and faint, like a brother" in Gu Feng is a ready-made annotation of the word "friend". If we read Zheng Feng's "Cockcrow" and "Martin Pool at the East Gate" together, we will know that "friends on the piano and friends on the piano" are not a general term, and a gentleman's "good temperament" is not only a kind of sound, but also an intimate sound.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, songs and poems were used as rhetoric. Only that day did we know the elegance of diplomacy, and Guan Ju wrote about a good marriage. Harmonious beauty and prosperous business in daily emotional life are the deepest roots of that elegance. At that time, "poetry" was not a decoration, not an ornament, not just to repair the defects in life, but a real "commodity of life" (Gu Jiegang's words), and "Guan Yu" seemed to be a declaration of the unity of life and art, which appeared vividly in the dawn of literary history.
Guan Ju, the opening work of The Book of Songs, has always been praised. Why use Guan Ju as the title of this love poem? When Confucius edited The Book of Songs, it was divided into three parts: ode to elegance, in which ode to elegance was divided into elegance and indecency.
The wind is a poem sung for the people. In Mencius, there are records about folk songs. The wind is roughly equivalent to the current pop songs. Elegant, medium.
4. The phenomenon of "relationship" and "relationship" in classical Chinese
The pigeons in Guanguan are in Hezhou. My Fair Lady is a good gentleman.
Shepherd's purse is uneven and flows from side to side. My fair lady, welcome.
I can't wait, but I can't wait. Very leisurely. I tossed and turned.
Uneven shepherd's purse, choose left and right. My fair lady is my friend.
Shepherd's purse is uneven, and it is left and right. My fair lady. Music of bells and drums.
The Book of Songs | National Style | Qin Feng
The Millennium is frost. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side.
If you follow, it will be a long way. If you follow it, you will be in the middle of the water.
After a long time, the Millennium has not changed. The so-called Iraqis are in the water.
You follow, the road is blocked, and you jump. If you follow it, you will drown.
The dew hasn't touched yet. The so-called Iraqis are in the water.
Follow it back, the road is blocked, turn right. Follow it back and swim in the water.
5. What is Guan Ju's whole poem about? Guan Yu? In the pre-Qin period, Guanluo dove was in Hezhou.
A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her. If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day.
Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again. Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple. Shepherd's purse is uneven, left and right [1].
A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her. Waterbirds singing in Guanguan live on sandbars in the river.
A kind and beautiful girl is a good spouse of a good man. Girls go everywhere to pick leeks of uneven length.
Kind and beautiful girl, wake up and dream of her. Missing is unattainable, dreaming of Sauvignon Blanc.
I miss you so much that I can't sleep. Girls go everywhere to pick leeks of uneven length.
Kind and beautiful girl, play the piano, get close to her. The shepherd's purse is uneven in length, and the girl chooses from left to right.
Kind and beautiful girl, ring the bell and drum to please her. Introduction Guan Yu comes from the Book of Songs? National wind? Nan Zhou, the first poem in The Book of Songs, reflects a young man's love and pursuit for a beautiful girl and is the ancestor of China's love poems.
It not only reflects the popular love theme, but also has unique artistic characteristics. Guan Ju: The title is taken from the first sentence of the poem.
This is how the title of The Book of Songs came into being. Note: Crested dove: The name of waterfowl is osprey.
Legend has it that they are single-minded: the word (rudder), (rudder), the meaning of two birds: aquatic plants: wake up, sleep: sleep.
6. Ancient prose and translation in urgent need of peace (1) (Nan Zhou) (2) The pigeons in Guanguan are in Hezhou.
(3) A gentle and graceful girl makes a handsome boy. (4) poor reference, left and right flow.
A gentle and graceful girl, I am eager to take it. 5] If you don't get what you want, you won't get what you want.
[6] leisurely, rolling opposite. Take vegetables from the left and right.
A gentle and graceful girl is a friend of the harp and the harp. (7) Ginseng is poor in food and hairy on both sides.
Being ⑻Shu female, bell and drum music. This poem is the first of 305 articles in The Book of Songs.
Let's take a look at the interpretation of it by Han Confucianism. "Preface to Mao Poetry" says: "Guan Ju, the virtue of empresses, the beginning of the wind, so the wind is all over the world, couples are right."
"It's a happy lady of Guanluo, and it's not her color that deserves a gentleman's attention. Sorrow, thinking about talent, without hurting the heart of goodness. " The so-called queen here refers to the wife of Princess Zhou Wen.
According to Preface to Poems of Mao Zedong, the theme of Guan Ju is to praise the beauty of Empress Dowager Cixi. Seeing a gentle and lovely lady, she yearned for it. In order to be worthy of the above king, she never indulged herself. So, this is a beautiful poem.
Shen Pei's interpretation of Lu is just the opposite. He said, "My late wife and Yu Pei went to your place. Without Zhou Kang, the poet sighed and hurt it. "
I think this poem satirizes Kang Hou's lack of etiquette, so that Kang Wang got up late and missed the court affairs. Han Xue's "Zhang Sentence" also believes that "the poet's words are related to chastity and prudence, and he must ask for it with his voice, and he must be in Jiangzhou and hidden in no man's land.
..... Nowadays, adults are biased towards color. When sages see their cuteness, they praise Guan Yu, say that they are fair and upright, and stab them. Although Mao, Lu and Han have different interpretations of this poem, they all think that this poem is related to Wang and Fei, and it is a work of political education.
Of course, Kong's Justice of Mao Poetry and Biography of Poetry both inherited this explanation. "Biography of Poems" said: "Zhou Zhiwen's king's voice is of great virtue, and it is also worthy of the home of Notre Dame.
People in the palace, from beginning to end, saw that they had the virtue of leisure and chastity and pretended to be poems. If you talk about it, it will sound like harmony on the river continent.
Isn't this my fair lady a gentleman? To say harmony and happiness is respect, and to say sincerity and difference is also different. "Zhu called Princess Wen as his wife, and thought Guan Ju was a harmonious and respectful relationship between the palace people and King Wen, similar to Mao's poems, still in the same strain.
There are great disadvantages in the interpretation of poetry by Chinese and Confucianism. Subjectively, they think that the Book of Songs was written for the noble deeds of Tao, and it was used by the former king to "be filial to the couple, be virtuous and virtuous, educate the beautiful people and change the customs". Therefore, the interpretation of poetry is often attached to the big topic of political education, so many works have been misinterpreted. Now people have seen the faults of Han Confucianism and read the Book of Songs in a different way, so many new discoveries have been made.
The poem Guanju is no longer regarded as a tribute to the beauty of the queens, but a folk love song. For example, Wen Yiduo's "Feng Shi Chao" said: "Women pick flowers by the river, and gentlemen are happy when they see them."