And there is another one in Cangzhou, Hebei? Very special? This is the best historical site in the world created by China people more than 1000 years ago. Is this cultural relic from Cangzhou? Iron lion (Zhenhai roar)? . This big iron lion has stood for thousands of years since it was cast, but its damage has been accelerated by the professional protection of archaeologists for a hundred years. Why?
Zhenhai? The history of.
Zhenhai? Located in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China. According to the local historical records of Cangzhou, Zhenhai? It is 1.7 feet high and 1.6 feet long. It is located in Kaiyuan Temple, at this end. Zhenhai? The lion king is also carved on his head. Zhenhai? A lot of words were burned inside and outside the body. Appraised by scholars, it is considered to be the Buddhist scriptures of some Buddhists.
This? Zhenhai? It was cast in the third year of Guangxu in the late Zhou Dynasty, that is, in 953 AD, with a history of 1000 years.
"Cangxian annals" records: Iron lion, in front of Kaiyuan Temple in the old city. It is ten feet high and six feet long.
But one thing is about why it was chosen so big. Zhenhai? There are three kinds of sayings circulating in the local area.
First, when Zhou Shizong made the northern expedition to Qidan and captured Cangzhou City, it cast this big iron lion to avoid the return of the Qidan people. The reason is that the Khitan people regard the wolf as a totem, and the wolf is the god of the Khitan, and the lion can completely crush the wolf. Therefore, the purpose of casting lions is to prevent the Khitan people from rising again in the later Zhou Dynasty and affecting border security.
However, this statement lacks the support of historical facts and only exists in some unofficial history records. It is difficult to find something corresponding to it from other historical materials in the late Zhou Dynasty.
Moreover, Chai Rong, the emperor of the dynasty, was not interested in Buddhism, and even had a certain sense of rejection. Such a big iron lion can't be cast in a temple engraved with scriptures, which is completely out of line with his character and historical behavior.
The second and third are myths and legends, but the reasons may be more reliable.
Secondly, when Kaiyuan Temple was built, Manjusri Bodhisattva saw many believers here, riding their own Lion Mountain. At that time, many believers made such an iron lion in memory of Manjusri Bodhisattva, hoping that he would come again.
The third argument is that Cangzhou may have been affected by certain floods in history. According to local legend, the flood was deliberately caused by a fierce dragon. When a dragon made a riot, a red lion came from the west to subdue the dragon. In order to prevent the dragon from going out to sea again, the locals also cast an iron lion room to suppress the dragon. That's why this iron lion has one. Zhenhai? The name of.
The third statement is also the most recognized statement at present. Although some myths and legends are untrue, it can be inferred that the Iron Lion was built by local people to raise money to fight floods.
Zhenhai beast? damage
Zhenhai beast? It was cast over 1000 years ago. Although metallurgical technology was mature at that time, there was still no way to compare it with now, and the impurity content in iron was also relatively high. So with the passage of time, the iron lion itself appeared a certain corrosion and rust phenomenon, and the destructive damage began at 1803.
There was a storm? Zhenhai? Be blown down by the wind.
Because? Zhenhai beast? It takes a lot of manpower and material resources to get up again, and the local government has just experienced the rebellion of Bailian Sect, so there is no money or money? Zhenhai beast? Here? Help? Get up, so you're gonna let? Zhenhai? Lying on the ground all the time.
Until 1893, local people took? Zhenhai? Just trying to help. Because? Zhenhai? I have been lying on the ground for more than 90 years, so? Zhenhai? Serious corrosion occurred in itself.
"Cang County Records" records: Because? Is there a strange wind blowing from the northeast, which is stronger than the lion servant? .
From the demise of the Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, China has been in a state of internal troubles and foreign invasion, so it is like? Zhenhai? Naturally, no one takes the initiative to protect such cultural relics, and they can only continue to be exposed to the natural environment.
It was not until the founding of New China that another flood occurred in Cangzhou, resulting in? Zhenhai beast? I have been in the flood for several months. After the flood receded, Zhenhai? There is a lot of rust in itself.
Zhenhai beast? protect
At that time, China had no experience in the protection of such cultural relics, so we asked our big brother, the Soviet Union, for advice. However, due to the limited historical background of the Soviet Union, we had no experience in the protection of such cultural relics. Later, at the suggestion of Soviet experts, experts in China also built a pavilion for the lion to keep out the rain.
After the pavilion was repaired, the ground water could not be dried in time, and the humidity in the pavilion increased, which led to the rapid corrosion of its appearance. Not only has it not been protected, but it has damaged Zhenhao. Twenty years after its establishment, China's cultural relics protection department demolished the museum.
After the reform and opening up, China once again attached importance to the protection of cultural relics, so expert research began to focus on? Zhenhai beast? The second cultural relics protection, in order to avoid the time? Zhenhai? Buried in the soil for a long time, I decided to build a cement platform for it to avoid being soaked in water in the future.
There is nothing wrong with the idea of building a cement platform, but due to lack of experience in operation and specific construction process, and the construction is too simple and rude, it leads to? Zhenhai? Great damage has taken place in itself. For example, when hoisting by crane, it is simply hoisting, and there is no professional mechanical hoisting analysis of experts and scholars at all.
The result is hoisting? Zhenhai beast? When it failed, it eventually led to? Zhenhai? There are 42 permanent injuries all over the body.
In the will? Zhenhai? When the cement platform was fixed, because of the lack of certain experience, experiments were not done in advance before construction. Results During the construction process, a lot of building materials were left in some cracks of the iron lion. Under the influence of the natural environment, these materials swell seriously, resulting in a large number of cracks in the leg of the iron lion.
At the end of the 20th century, China tried to repair the Iron Lion many times, but each time it got worse and worse, which accelerated the overall damage. After experts failed to rescue many times, the relevant state departments began to collect rescue and maintenance plans nationwide, and then they did put forward a number of plans, but for various reasons, they have not been implemented until now.
In 2000, after four overhauls, experts completely gave up the maintenance of it.
Later, in order to prevent the Cangzhou iron lion from disappearing completely, the authorities decided to recast an iron lion at the suggestion of local experts. Imitation iron lion 20 1 1 was recast, with more beautiful patterns and larger volume than before, and its design service life reached 2000. As for the real cultural relics, the iron lion is still on hold and is slowly facing dismemberment.
However, this incident also illustrates a problem. The restoration of cultural relics without any experience will accelerate the damage of cultural relics. Therefore, this also makes the later archaeological activities more and more cautious, and will not conduct archaeological research on cultural relics unless it is absolutely necessary.