Chinese exegetical terms. Words with similar meanings (or homonyms) are called cognates, such as "Kuan" and "Guang", "Shi" and "Tight", "Empty" and "Kong". If the sounds are not related, or the sounds are close to each other, they cannot be called cognates. Homophones are the key to infer whether they are homologous or not. Loanwords and variants are not cognates. Cognates are actually cognates. To study cognate words, we should contact the form, sound and meaning of Chinese characters. We should explore the pronunciation of ancient times based on the phonology of the above-mentioned ancient sounds, and explore the meaning of words with the meaning of ancient exegesis and ancient books. There are many synonyms in Chinese characters. Words with similar sounds and meanings often come from the same etymology, such as "Guang" and "Kuang", "Jian" and "Tight", "Empty" and "Kong", "Wide" and "Wide", "Gai" and "Geng", meaning (or the same) sound (or the same). It can't be called homophonic. Homonym is the key to infer whether it is homologous or not. Loanwords and variants are not homonyms. Because loanwords are not synonyms or words with similar meanings, variants are two or more different ways of writing a word, but the same word, not the same source. Homologous is a historical concept. In the development of Chinese characters, there must be many words with one meaning and many words with several meanings. It's just that several meanings are irrelevant.
Homologous words: words or morphemes that are related in sound and meaning and come from the same etymology, such as "Hui" and "negative". There are disyllabic words in Chinese, such as "soft", "weak" (synonymous), "bright" and "absolute" (antonym); There are overlapping rhymes, such as "Gang", "Qiang" (synonymous), "Cold" and "Warm" (antonym). In terms of meaning, they are synonymous, antonym or other related. They originated from the same etymology and were later divided into several words with related but not identical meanings. The pronunciations and glyphs of these words are often divided accordingly. Due to the development of language, Duyun may become very different. There are three necessary conditions: first, the pronunciation of these words must be the same. When I say connected, I mean vowels, or overlapping rhymes (homonyms), or inversion (that is, vowels have the same main vowels and corresponding vowels). As far as initials are concerned, they are either disyllabic. ) or the initial sounds are the same. Second, these words have the same, similar or similar meanings. Just similar or the same meaning, that's just a synonym; Homologous words must be "similar in sound and meaning", that is, they have both the first and second conditions. But these two conditions are not enough. Because there are synonyms with the same pronunciation or similar words from different sources, the third condition must be met to determine their homology.