Keywords: the history of ancient historiography; Ancient historical materials science; Academic status
First, the relationship between China's ancient historiography and ancient historical materials.
The history of China's ancient historiography is inseparable from the mastery of historical materials. This song was first decided by the task of China's ancient historiography. According to George Zhong's viewpoint in the book History of Chinese Historiography, "The history of Chinese historiography is to roughly define the scope of evolution in China, clean up the historical heritage of our motherland since ancient times, clarify the evolution process of China historiography, and reveal the unique law of the development of China historiography. [George Zhong: History of Chinese Historiography, Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 20 1 1, p. 4. Since the history of China's ancient historiography is to clean up the heritage, it is natural to sort out and summarize the historical materials of the past, which is inseparable from the foundation of historical materials. Historical materials are the basis of studying history. Among all kinds of historical materials (written materials, oral legends of physical relics), written historical materials have the largest number, the most comprehensive content and the richest content, which historians should attach great importance to and make full use of. [Qi: Five Lectures on Historical Materials, Beijing: Capital Normal University Press, 20 14, p. 1 page. As a branch of historical research, China ancient historiography naturally needs to pay more attention to historical materials. Without first-hand historical data, it is easy to regard other people's second-hand historical data as first-hand original historical data, and then draw wrong historical conclusions. What's more, if we don't establish a correct sense of historical materials, it is easy to regard forged historical materials as true historical materials. It is not the correct way to study the history of historiography without distinguishing historical materials, researching historical materials and researching philology.
The study of historiography, especially the study of China's ancient historiography, mainly relies on historical books preserved in history. These records, whether they are historical archives or historical books written on paper, or inscriptions on cultural relics or artifacts unearthed underground, are historical materials and need to be identified and verified. The identification and textual research of historical materials can not be separated from historical materials consciousness, especially the correct training of historical materials. Historiography is a branch of historical science, which studies the collection, identification and application of historical materials. [Chen Gaohua, Chen Zhichao, etc. : China Ancient Historical Materials, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 20 16, p. 1. After the definition of historiography is clear, many scholars often notice the close relationship between historiography and historiography. For example, Mr. Yang Yixiang, an old professor at Nankai University, wrote in his Dictionary of China History? In the history of historiography, the task of Marxist historiography is to explore the sources and characteristics of various historical materials; Understand the actual value of historical materials. Edited by You and Yang: A Dictionary of China History? History of historiography, Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1984, p. 1 16. The role of historiography in the history of historiography is obvious here. Historiography is a discipline that studies historiography, and the carrier of historiography is often past historical materials.
Historical research is not only a macro historical research, but also an observation and analysis of historical development. At the same time, it is also a microscopic small historical study, so small that it is necessary to study the life of a historian, the time when a historical school came into being, and even the time when a chapter was finalized. The microscopic study of historiography is inseparable from the grabbing, sorting and analysis of historical materials. Correct historical materials will undoubtedly promote the smooth progress of historical research, while wrong historical materials will only make the conclusion untenable if they are not used for other purposes. Sufficient knowledge of dating historical materials will help us to deepen our understanding of the development of historiography in a certain period. It can be seen that it will be of great help to the study of history if the relevant experts in history can conduct detailed and accurate textual research on historical materials of various periods according to the dynasties.
Second, the study of China's ancient historical materials needs the knowledge of China's historiography.
As mentioned earlier, the study of China ancient historical materials is also an integral part of historical research. The history of historiography itself is the study of historiography. Therefore, the significance of historiography to the study of general history is also applicable to the study of China's ancient historical materials. This is because the content of historical research involves historical thought and history. [George Zhong: History of Chinese Historiography, Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 20 1 1, p. 6. China's historiography of ancient history also needs to pay attention to the ideology behind historiography, as well as various historiography styles and schools. At this level, being familiar with the knowledge of China's ancient historiography will help us understand the characteristics of the times reflected behind the historical materials, and also help us understand the changes and development of ancient historical materials.
First of all, historiography can be roughly divided into two categories: one is to study the general laws and methods of collecting, identifying and using historical materials, which can be called the general theory of historiography; Another study of the source, value and utilization of a historical period or a historical material or a historical field can be called concrete historiography. [Chen Gaohua, Chen Zhichao, etc. : China Ancient Historical Materials, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 20 16, p. 1. As a discipline, historiography, especially the history of its occurrence, development and changes, is to observe the historical views of historians in different eras with a historical perspective. This kind of historical investigation of historical materials often needs to pay attention to the changes of historical thoughts of different historians, make a comprehensive comparison of different historical materials, and sometimes even make a long-term analysis to see clearly the influence of the times on the changes of historical materials. This kind of research is inseparable from the mastery of historical knowledge. Taking Fu Sinian's famous assertion that "historiography is historiography" as an example, if scholars want to comprehensively and comprehensively understand Fu Sinian's historiography thought, they should not only pay attention to all the historical activities of Fu Sinian, but also analyze why Fu Sinian formed this view. Textual research on history is the origin of historical viewpoint, and finally analyzes the academic value and influence of historical thought. This method is actually what Shen Gangbo called "historiography and world changes", that is, "looking at historiography from history and society". [Shen Gangbo: History and World Changes, Beijing: Dolphin Publishing House, 20 15, p. 1- 17. Therefore, it is obvious that historical research methods are introduced into the field of historical materials.
Secondly, historical materials science needs new methods and theories to promote its own renewal and development. Historical materials are the foundation of historical research, and systematic, sufficient and tested historical materials are the solid foundation of historical research. Historical materials science has made new breakthroughs under numerous theoretical and methodological updates. For example, epigraphy, although some historical materials of epigraphy were discovered one after another before the Song Dynasty, did not form a special knowledge. In the Song Dynasty, the most developed research on historical materials belonged to epigraphy. Before the Song Dynasty, there were not stone carvings as historical materials. However, the use of epigraphy as a user of historical materials began with Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Ancient Records. [(Japan) Naito Hunan, translated by Ma Biao: The History of Chinese Historiography Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2008, p. 187- 190. ] The same historical materials, if the discoverer's historical literacy is different, its value is very different. Oracle Bone Inscriptions tortoise shell, for example, is a medicinal material sold by farmers, but it is written historical materials in the eyes of philologists. Only when it is in the hands of historians, can it be of historical value to study history. Therefore, the history of historiography is very helpful for the correct identification and application of historical materials.
Finally, the history of Chinese historiography studies all historical research and all historical activities. Therefore, a part of China's study of ancient historical materials is actually included in the study of China's ancient historical history. Confucius' historical thought is the content of China's ancient historiography research, and it is also an unavoidable link in the history of Chinese historiography. History is called the Twenty-four History of Ancient China, which can be found in Historical Materials of China Ancient History and History of Chinese Historiography. It can be seen that both of them attach equal importance to history books, historical materials, the selection of different historical materials, the textual research of historical materials and the methods of distinguishing fakes. In this sense, the history of China ancient historiography should absorb more beneficial research results of ancient historical materials to make the historical conclusions more accurate; China's historiography of ancient history also needs the help of historical methods and theories to understand the background of various historical materials and the source of historical thoughts.
Third, the importance of China's ancient historical materials.
The historical data of China ancient history is a subject worthy of attention. A correct understanding of historical materials is very helpful for us to study, analyze and textual research history. Without a correct sense of historical materials, researchers will lose their correct judgment of historical materials in academic research, and they will mistakenly regard false historical materials as a history of trust without knowing it. In modern Fu Sinian, historiography was strongly advocated as historiography. Although this statement has exaggerated elements, there is no doubt that historical materials and historiography are the basis of all historical research. 2 1 century today, historical research is facing new development opportunities, and the carrier of historical materials is also moving from tradition to modernity. Computer, Internet and influence have all become the carriers of historical materials. Today, in the face of historical big data, we still have to establish a correct sense of historical materials.
From the perspective of discipline development, the study of historical materials of ancient history in China should be developed and strengthened. On the one hand, we should update internal disciplines, actively absorb interdisciplinary methods and theories from other disciplines, and implement interdisciplinary development of historical materials, such as historical materials of literature and philosophy. On the other hand, if relevant scholars want to strengthen cooperation in disciplines and develop their own characteristics, they must improve their ideological consciousness and realize the academic status of historical materials. Then master rich knowledge of literature and history and become a proficient scholar. Only in this way can the academic status of China's ancient historical materials be improved.
Although China's historiography of ancient history is still a new thing, in the era of great academic development, we should deeply understand the scientific nature of China's historiography of ancient history and consciously think about how to establish a historiography discipline and how to make historiography better serve historical research. Only when the discipline of historical materials has practical value can it be further valued by other disciplines, especially historians.
Under the background of the increasingly close relationship between historiography and historical materials, they can promote each other and develop together.