1. Hao Yixing: Yi Shuo and Book Company.
2. Liu Xi: "Ming Shi" and "Mencius Note"
3. Zhang Yi: Guangya, Gu.
4. Yan Shigu: Being true and vulgar, making notes in a hurry, focusing on the history of Han Dynasty, is in the Five Classics.
5. Guo Pu: Er Ya Note
6. Dedication: Zuozhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period and Refutation of Righteousness in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Han Dynasty.
7. Xing Bing: The Analects of Confucius is righteous and elegant, filial and upright.
8. Gui Fu: Explain words with words.
Three. Authors and main contents of the following works
1. "Zhou Li Zheng Yi"-title, 86 volumes, more than 2 million words, written by Sun Yirang, a scholar in Qing Dynasty. Justice of Zhou Rites is a book that demonstrates the official system of the Zhou Dynasty, and the interpretation of Zhou Rites is the most detailed. It is the latest and most successful academic masterpiece among the new classics of the Qing Dynasty.
2. Dialect, the first book in China to compare dialect vocabulary, is called "Jessica Hester Hsuan Speakers Interpreting Other Dialects". Yang Xiong in the Western Han Dynasty. There are 13 volumes today. The style is to list the entries first, and then explain the traffic separately. The words recorded in the book are written in different regions of ancient times, but also mixed with the languages of ethnic minorities at that time. Dialects often represent common language, local language, local language and switch language for recorded vocabulary, from which we can get a general understanding of the distribution of dialects in Han Dynasty. Dialects are recorded in local life dialects, which are not limited by literature records and literal meanings, and focus on studying dialects in combination with time and regional differences. This has established a fine tradition for later generations in research methods, and enjoys a high reputation in the history of dialect studies in China and even the world.
3. Interpretation of Dunhuang Bianwen-by Jiang, a linguist. The word from the cloud, Jiaxing, Zhejiang. A General Interpretation of the Words and Meanings of Dunhuang Bianwen is a monograph to study and explain Dunhuang Bianwen words. The study on the general understanding of words in Dunhuang Bianwen makes the meanings of Dunhuang Bianwen mostly loose. This is very helpful for readers to understand literary works such as Bianwen at that time. This book has made a great contribution to the study of vocabulary.
The combination of "Xun" and "Shi" was first seen in Mao Heng's Biography of Shi Mao Xun in Han Dynasty.
Kong Ying Da thought, "Those who died were all ancient people. Let people know if the ancient and the modern are different. Trainers, Tao also. The appearance of Tao is also to tell people. " "Yi" is to explain "different words" and "Xun" is "Tao morphology".
Ma is the author of Shi Mao Exegetical Biography.
Mr. Huang Kan believes that "Yi" is the original meaning. Explain the original meaning of words. Training is the meaning of extension, and it is the extended meaning of explaining words. Exegetics is to explain language with language, including the original meaning and extended meaning of words.
Exegetical work is a special tool, and its practical purpose is to eliminate the language and writing barriers in ancient documents.
There are three kinds of exegetical work: annotation, compilation and textual research.
Exegetical materials include: annotation materials explained with the article, corresponding to annotated works; Compiling special exegetical books corresponds to compiling work; Textual research materials, materials corresponding to textual research work.
"Chuan", "Shuo", "Jie", "Shi", "Shu", "Zheng", "Wei", "Zhu", "Yi Zheng" and "Justice" are all the names of the notes.
The special books for compiling exegesis are: Erya, which collects the same exegetical words in different articles according to the categories of things; According to the principle of interpreting meaning according to form, radicals are used to guide the text of Shuo Wen Jie Zi. "Shi Ming", which is specially edited to clarify the etymology; Dialect, linking dialect words with standard sounds and meanings, etc.
Textual research books include: Confucius' Five Classics Justice; Gu's Record of Japanese Knowledge; Wang Niansun and Wang's Reading Magazine and its Significance Interpretation: Textual Research on Qian Daxin's A New Record of the Twenty-two History of Ten Horses: Zhao Yi's A Study of Jade Cong; Shen Jiaben's investigation of criminal laws of past dynasties: Li Ciming's Diary of Slow Hall; Huang Kan said: "Exegetics, use language to explain what language means. If we use the language of this place to explain the language of other places, or use the language of the past to explain the language of today, it is a matter of exegetics, not the principle of composition. The real exegetics is to explain the language from the perspective of language, explore its legal style, and clarify its examples in order to find out the system and root of language. "
Exegetics is the material to explain language with language, and exegetics is the theory to study the meaning of language.
The three periods of exegetics are: early exegetics, late exegetics and modern exegetics.
Philology, phonology and exegetics (the form, sound and meaning of words) were collectively called "primary schools" in ancient times.
The two major tasks faced by exegetics in concrete practice are: applied exegetics and theoretical exegetics.
The application of exegetics focuses on practical application, mainly the interpretation and annotation of ancient documents.
Theoretical exegetics focuses on theoretical discussion, such as the relationship between words and meanings.
The relationship between applied exegetics and theoretical exegetics is that theoretical discussion aims at practical application and practical application is guided by theoretical discussion.
The generation of exegetics was in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties; The deepening and expanding period of exegetics was in Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties. The updating and changing period of exegetics is Song Yuan Ming; The prosperity of exegetical practice and the discussion of exegetical theory were in Qing dynasty; The scientific theory of exegetics was founded in modern times.
The embryonic period of exegetics was in the pre-Qin dynasty, and the systematic period of exegetics was in the Han dynasty.
The signs of the development of exegetics are mainly manifested in the following three aspects: the emergence of re-annotation, the expansion of exegetics, the emergence of centralized annotation and interpretation, and the separation of characters, rhymes and semantic books.
The representative of re-annotation is Kong Feng Yi's Justice of the Five Classics.
Guo Pu's Notes on Erya and Dialect.
The author of The Analects of Confucius is Yan.
Since Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, the annotation has deepened, the research scope has expanded, and the types of exegetics have increased, which is the period of exegetics development.
The main reason for this situation is the need of Neo-Confucianism represented by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhu and the improvement of exegetical tools, which provided an objective basis for suspecting the ancient and seeking the new, and created the precedent of ancient phonology in Song Dynasty.
Zhu Zhu's Four Books and Five Classics include Daxue, Zhongyong, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. He has the advantages of realism of Han Confucianism and innovation of Song Confucianism, and represents the highest achievement of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties.
The progress of exegetics in the late Ming Dynasty mainly includes: Mei's Lexicon, Zhang Zilie's Tongzi, Pianya, Fang Yizhi's Tongya, Chen Shiyuan's Interpretation of Popular Characters, Zhang Cunshen's Record of Elegant and Popular Characters, New Shuyu and New Zi.
Pianya by Zhu Mouwei initiated the style of compound words with even words, while Tongya by Fang Yizhi broke through the category of Erya, which is a large-scale dictionary with classics and history as its main content, as well as words, sounds and exegesis.
Zhang Taiyan's academic works include On the Balance of National Heritage, Questions and Answers for Primary Schools, New Dialects and the Beginning of Literature.
Ten primary school books include Er Ya, Xiao Er Ya, Dialect, Shuowen, Explanation of Names, Guangya, Jade, Guang Yun, Jiyun and Leipian.
Zhang Taiyan believes that exegetical methods include direct training, etymology and interpretation.
Huang Kan thinks that exegetical methods include mutual training, boundary of righteousness and deduction of karma.
The works that mark the modernization of exegetics are Hu Xiang 'an's History of Exegetics in China and Qi Peirong's Introduction to Exegetics.
Scholars who have contributed to the independence and scientificity of modern exegetics are Shen Jianshi, He Zhongying and Yang Shuda.
Shen Jianshi's works on etymology and exegetics include: Evolution and Deduction of the Exegetical Theory of Youwen, On Sound Exegetics, and Several Methods of Studying Form and Meaning in Philology.
Yang Shuda's exegetical works include: Lectures on Exegetics, Description of Forest in Jiweiju Primary School, Collection of Inscriptions in Jiweiju Primary School, Interpretation of Ci, My Opinion on the History of Han Dynasty.
The styles of exegetical materials explained in this article are: annotations, chapters and sentences, sparse meaning, centralized explanation, quotation, sound and meaning.
The exegetical contents in the annotation book include: explaining the meaning of words, explaining the meaning of sentences, explaining grammatical phenomena, explaining special rhetorical expressions, explaining ancient systems, customs and habits and other cultural common sense.
The nature of the special book of exegetics is formed on the basis of exegetics with essays, arranged according to certain principles, and purposefully clustered the exegetical materials of the word, word and meaning system.
Among the ten root books, the ones that belong to righteousness are: Erya, Xiaoerya, Dialect, Shi Ming and Guangya; There are: Shuowen, Pian Yu and Leipian, which belong to formal books; Audio books include: Guang Yun and Jiyun.
The types of special books compiled by exegetics are: collection type, compilation type and theoretical verification type.
The steps of textual research are generally: proposing the object of textual research, looking for material evidence and demonstrating.
Textual research generally consists of three parts: questioning, evidence collection and explanation.
The types of textual research are divided into: confirmation and refutation.
Confirmation class, which proves the conclusion of the problem without conclusion; Investigate and verify the existing conclusions.
Confirmatory textual research is often in doubt because of unclear semantics, insufficient evidence and unclear arguments.
Refutation category, raising objections to existing conclusions and overthrowing them with evidence; At the same time, it is easy to draw new conclusions by presenting new evidence.
Refuting textual research is often because the original explanation fails to see sufficient or comprehensive evidence. Although there is evidence, it cannot correctly understand the evidence, which violates the laws of language, notes and facts, so it is suspicious.
Words exist in two States: storage state and use state.
The meaning of storage state has the characteristics of generality, abstraction and stability, which is reflected in dictionaries compiled in past dynasties, and the meaning of each word is mostly multiple.
The meaning of use state is a specific meaning in personal speech, and its meaning is fixed, which is mostly reflected in the materials explained with the article, and the meaning of each word is mostly single. It not only has specific meanings and regulations, but also may have personal experiences and emotional colors of the speaker and the author.
The task of article interpretation is to determine the meaning, clearly point out and state the specific meaning value.
There are three different explanations: physical training, sound training and justice training.
Three methods of exegetical textual research: seeking meaning by form, seeking meaning by sound, and comparing and verifying each other.
Only the original meaning can be directly related to the font, and only the words can directly reflect the original meaning.
Only the meaning of the pen can be expressed in form.
Seeking meaning by sound is a method to clarify the meaning of ancient books by using phonetic clues and borrowing sounds and homology.
Etymology can be divided into two categories: systematic source and derived source.
The criteria for judging the quality of an exegesis are: whether it conforms to the laws of language, context, logic and objective reality.
Whether the annotation conclusion is correct can be verified from many aspects such as language, context, logic and objective historical facts.