I was addicted to learning when I was young. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read. I often borrow money from the library, copy it myself, and send it back on the appointed day. The weather is cold, the inkstone (face) is hard, the fingers can't bend and stretch, and the Buddha (fú) is lazy (dài). Send it away after recording, and dare not exceed the appointment. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. Since it is crowned, it is beneficial to admire saints. He has also suffered from celebrities and tourists without owners. He has tasted hundreds of miles away and asked the pioneers in his hometown for advice. Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or meet him (chidu not), the more respectful, the more polite, and dare not say a word; Have a nice time (s √), please ask again. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.
When Yu studied under the teacher, he was dragged (yè) and (xǐ) in the deep mountain canyon, where the wind was not smooth in winter and the snow was several feet deep, and his skin was cracked unconsciously (jūn). To give up, the four stiff muscles can't move, and the people in the mouth (yìng) hold the soup and fill it with quilts (q, n). This is a long-term harmony. If you travel against the trend, the host will eat it again every day (shí), and there is no fresh fat taste at all. All the students are embroidered by (pρ) Qi (qǐ), wearing a hat decorated with Zhu Yingbao, wearing a circle of white jade around their waist, a sword on the left, a smelly face on the right, and Ye (y) looks like a god; Yu Zezhen (yùn) robes, in the meantime, there is no ambiguity. Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others. My efforts and efforts are probably like this.
(1) Today, Mao is old, but he has accomplished nothing. Fortunately, he was a gentleman in advance, but because of Tian Zi's favor, he served as a consultant every day, and the whole world mistakenly called his name. What else? Nowadays, all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county magistrate has a little support every day. Their parents have the legacy of Qiu and wèi since they were 20 years old, and they are not afraid of freezing. Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; There should be all the books here. There is no need for others to record them and read them later. If you don't have a good career, you don't succeed in morality, and you are not inferior in sex, then your heart is not specialized. Is it too much for others?
Dongyang Ma, who studied in imperial academy for two years, was praised by his peers for his virtue. Yudu, born in the same town, praised Yu, wrote a long book (zhàn) thinking it was a ambition, and was very eloquent. He argued with it and made peace with it. He said that he studied hard when he was young and was a good scholar. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Those who despise me, brag about my wealth and prosperity, and be arrogant to my hometown know the rest!
① Note: This sentence is omitted from some textbooks.
translate
When I was a child, I especially liked studying. However, because my family was poor, I couldn't buy a book to read, so I had to borrow it from a bibliophile, copy it myself and return it on an agreed date. When the weather is particularly cold, the water in the inkstone pool is frozen into hard ice, and my fingers can't bend and stretch, and I still don't slack off. Return it to others as soon as possible after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people are willing to lend me books, so I can read a lot of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of sages more and more, but I am worried that I will not be able to make knowledgeable teachers and celebrity friends. I ran hundreds of miles away with the scriptures in my hand and asked the villagers for advice. His predecessors were noble and famous, and his master students crowded his room. His words and attitude have never been euphemistic. I stood beside him, asking questions, asking truth, and bowed my head to him for advice; Sometimes I am reprimanded, my expression is more respectful, my manners are more thoughtful, and I dare not answer a word; Ask him when he is happy. So although I was stupid, I finally learned a lot.
When I went to ask for advice, I carried my books and dragged my shoes in the ravine. In the middle of winter, the cold wind blows hard and the snow is several feet deep. I don't know. When I arrived at the hotel, my limbs were frozen and I couldn't move. The waiter brought hot water (for me) to wash hands and warm feet, and took the quilt (for me) to cover it. It took a long time to warm up. In the hotel, we only eat two meals a day, and there is nothing delicious to enjoy. The students who live together in the hotel are all wearing gorgeous clothes, red tassels and jewels, white jade rings on their waists, knives in their left hands and sachets hanging from their right hands, shining like immortals. But I live among them in rags and have no jealousy. Because I have my own fun in my heart, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food, clothing, housing and transportation is not as good as others. I am diligent and hardworking at school, and that's about it. Although I am old now, I have achieved nothing, but fortunately, I am still among the gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately under the sun, not to mention anyone who can surpass me.
Now students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Parents give them fur coats in winter and kudzu coats in summer, so don't worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting downstairs reading classics, there is no hard work; There are teachers like doctors, who ask for advice without asking themselves and get nothing; All the books you should have are concentrated here. You don't have to copy them by hand like me. You can borrow them from others before you can see them. If some of them are not proficient in their studies and their moral quality has not developed, if they are not talented and have low qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault?
Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him with gentle words and humble attitude. He himself said that he worked hard when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He will go home to meet his parents, and I specifically told him about my study difficulties. If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you denigrate me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my fellow villagers, do you know me? [ 1]
To annotate ...
Selected Works of Song Shixue (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1985).
Song Lian: (1310-1381) was born in Qianxi and Pujiang (now the northwest of Yiwu, Zhejiang), and was a writer in the early Ming Dynasty.
Dongyang, the place name, is in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province today.
Health, the elder's name for the younger generation.
Foreword, that is, the style name, is generally used to state the theme and creative process of the work.
The style of parting words is mostly words of encouragement and praise.
Y: Me.
Childhood: When I was young.
Namely: justice
Addiction: like, special hobby.
No way: no way.
To the book: get the book. Go, go. In this article, it means buying books.
To: Use it. "Observation" means "expressing purpose" and "coming".
Viewpoint: Look.
Pen: Use a pen.
Every: often.
Borrowing: Synonymous compound words. Borrow.
Fake, borrowed.
Yu: preposition, from; To.
One: Yes.
Hand: nouns are used flexibly as verbs and have hands.
Nouns as adverbials.
Dài: That is, you should be lazy in reading, and you can't slack off and relax.
Woman:No. Chi: It refers to copying books.
Go: Run.
Overdue: beyond the agreed time limit.
So: so. To: Because; Yes: So.
Guān: After coronation, it refers to adulthood. The ancients held a coronation ceremony at the age of twenty to show their manhood. Later generations often use "crown" or "crowned" to indicate that the year is 20.
Suffer: worry ..
Master: A knowledgeable teacher.
Shuo, Da.
Travel: socialize and make friends.
Taste: Once.
Trend: running towards.
Inquire about the scriptures from the predecessors in my hometown: take the scriptures and ask the local moral and learned predecessors.
Sage: a moral and learned elder. Knock, ask, ask.
Take it, take it.
Delong Wang Zun: High morality and high reputation.
Hope, prestige, reputation.
Dragon: High.
The disciples filled his room: the students filled his room.
Master, apprentice, student.
Fill, fill. It means crowded here.
Lower your tone slightly: speak your words gently and face them gently.
Words, words and faces. Color: skin color.
Help doubt: ask questions and ask the truth.
Assist, guide and propose.
Quality, inquiry
Bend over and ask with your ears askew: Bend over and ask with your ears askew (to show respect and concentration).
With: conjunction, and, come.
Or: sometimes.
Scold (chi) du not: reprimand, reprimand.
The more respectful the color, the more respectful the expression. Color: expression. Respect: respect
To: Thoughtful.
A: This refers to excuses and refutations.
As soon as possible: wait.
Pawn: Finally.
Qiè dragging: dragging shoes with a bookcase (indicating that the shoes are worn out).
Drag: Drag and pull.
Basket: book box.
Li: Shoes.
Poor winter: severe winter.
Jūn: Because of cold and dryness, the skin is cracked.
House: refers to the school house and library.
Branch: "limbs", limbs.
Yìng: Marry his maid. Here refers to the person who serves.
Soup: Hot water.
Officer: Take a bath. W, water and wash (limbs). Irrigation "washing"
To: Use
Quilt (qρn): Quilt.
Hug: Covered.
And: the undertaking form.
Yes: only.
Eat again daily (s √): two meals a day. Again: twice.
Reverse travel: staying in a hotel.
Live, live.
Reverse, welcome.
Travel backwards, hotel.
Embroidered by (pρ) Qi (qǐ): Wearing beautiful silk clothes.
Cover it, put it on, put it on.
Wear a hat decorated with a bag: wear a hat decorated with jewels.
Zhu Yingbao ornaments: masterpieces, decorated with Zhu Yingbao.
Waist: waist.
Waist, nouns as verbs, hanging on the waist.
Odor tolerance (xiù): sachet.
Smell, smell, here refers to the aroma.
Yèran: radiant.
Clothes: Wearing shabby clothes. (Nouns as verbs)
Old packing. Oh, that's shabby.
Slightly unsightly: no envy.
Slightly none: none.
Mu Yan was envious.
People who have enough fun in it don't know whether the service of mouth and body is not like people: because they have enough fun in their hearts (referring to reading), they don't feel that food and clothing are not as good as people.
China: Inside.
Oral and physical service: refers to food and clothing.
Feng: Support.
G: Probably.
Tao: Go ahead, go ahead.
Student: It means there are too many students.
Imperial academy: A school established by the central government in the Ming Dynasty to educate scholars, called imperial academy or imperial academy.
County magistrate: This refers to the imperial court.
Lu (lǐn) Shao: Food given by the government. At that time, the free food provided by the government was called "heavy" or "light".
Qiu (qiú): Leather clothes.
Ge (gé): Gebu refers to clothes worn in summer.
Heritage (wèi): Give, give, here refers to assistance.
Poetry: The Book of Songs refers to the Five Classics (Poetry, Calligraphy, Ritual, Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Period). Abbreviations of Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
Division and Doctor: Deputy Chief and Professor of imperial academy respectively. Represents a learned person.
Non-innate (intellectual) inferiority complex: if it weren't for low talent.
Generation: peers. Flow: flat.
Chao: In ancient times, courtiers appeared before the monarch. When Song Lian wrote this article, he came to Beijing from his hometown and met Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing.
Be a countryman: Be a countryman's son.
Ye: I want to meet you.
Zhuan: Write.
Long book: long letter.
Basket: a gift to show respect when meeting for the first time.
Yi: Peace.
Bi: Over.
Taste: Once.
Suffer: worry
Slightly: slightly
Smell: harvest
If: like it