Urgent! ! Reflections on Tao Yuanming's Returning to the Garden in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

Tao Yuanming, a recluse who lives in the countryside and is ignorant of the world, can have a far-reaching influence on China literature and even become the spiritual home of later literati. Can you talk about his position in the history of China literature? Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature is very prominent. His 120 poems can be said to be very good. We can say that poems with many themes before the Tang Dynasty reached their peak in the Tang Dynasty. For example, frontier poems, landscape poems and farewell poems, but there is a very special phenomenon, that is, landscape pastoral poems were initiated by Tao Yuanming and pushed to the peak by Tao Yuanming. We said that there were many pastoral poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, and there were also some pastoral poets in the Song Dynasty, such as Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli. There are so many pastoral poets in Tang and Song Dynasties that their pastoral poems are all in the shadow of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, which can be said to be no more than Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems. Pastoral beauty is not allowed, just because Tao Qian's poems are in front. Therefore, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are very valuable wealth in the history of China literature. He was born in 365 AD and died in 427 AD. Life can be divided into three periods: before the age of 29, reading is the main thing; From the age of 29 to 4 1 year, going out to be an official for a period of time and then retiring is a period of repeated official retirement. When he was a county magistrate in Pengze, the superior came to inspect the work, and the junior scribes said, you should put on your clothes and hat quickly, and then go to see him. He sighed and said, "I can't bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice." So he hung up his hat and left. This spirit of not bending over for a bucket of rice is the pride of our intellectuals in China, which has influenced generations of intellectuals. Like Li Bai, he said, "How can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" This spirit is very valuable. Later, he retired to the countryside, where he spent his old age. He has a good relationship with the villagers. When he has wine, let the old man next door drink it together. When he doesn't have wine, he knocks on people's doors and says that if you have wine at home, so this is very straightforward. Moreover, he also personally participated in manual labor. He wrote a poem, "Shannan grows beans and the grass is full of bean sprouts." Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The road is narrow and the vegetation is long, and the evening dew is stained with clothes; The clothes are not covered, but the wish is not violated. " This "wish" is generally understood as a wish to return to nature, but I think there is another explanation besides this, that is, this wish is a harvest wish. I think it doesn't matter if the clothes are wet as long as there is a bumper harvest. This understanding may be closer to ordinary people, which will not affect the greatness of Tao Yuanming's image. Tao Yuanming's personality is very straightforward. He himself said, "Little is not suitable for common luck, and naturally loves Qiushan." He likes natural frankness very much, and there is a typical example. He can't play the piano, but there is always a piano with strings at home, the kind without strings. When he is happy, he plays the piano with it. Without strings, there must be no sound. If there is no sound, don't make such a sound. "But if you have fun on the piano, why bother to play the strings?" In other words, as long as you are interested in playing the piano, you don't need the sound of strings, which is very interesting. One of his favorite things in life is wine and the other is chrysanthemum, both of which are outstanding. Tao Qian is inevitably a product of his time. The Eastern Jin Dynasty, in the history of China, experienced a long-term war at the end of the Han Dynasty, and the national population dropped sharply from 50 million before the chaos to less than10 million. Ordinary people need self-cultivation, and the rulers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty pursued the "inaction" of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Literati and scholars advocate explicitness. This is a difficult time to make a difference. Tao Qian hangs a crown, which is his noble character. If Tao Qian lives in the present age, if he still drinks and doesn't ask questions, he will be fired sooner or later. He enjoys himself, just like "playing a flute on a Huang Lian tree", seeking pleasure in suffering. How much is helpless, but it can be handled safely. How do ordinary people learn?