1, read the original text and grasp the genre of the article.
2. Understand the theme of the article and summarize it in one sentence.
3. Analyze the outstanding features of his writing.
Such as the description of characters in narrative, pay attention to appearance, manner, action, language, details, profile description of characters, environmental background and so on.
Narrative scenery description, pay attention to its grasp characteristics, clear hierarchy, scene blending, using a variety of rhetorical devices.
Describe the event and pay attention to the characteristics of the material (such as seeing the big from the small, novel and typical, etc.) ), narrative order (sequential narrative, flashback, narrative insertion), plot arrangement (such as clear clues, bedding, ups and downs, fascinating, echoing from beginning to end, etc.). ).
Narrative language should be vivid, vivid, novel and concise, and skillfully use rhetoric.
Explanatory text analysis pays attention to structural order (chronological order, spatial order, logical order, parallel structure, push structure, total score structure, primary and secondary structure, etc. ), interpretation methods (definition, explanation, classification, example, quotation, comparison, metaphor, numbers, etc. ) and language (concise, accurate, rigorous and vivid).
Argumentative papers are analyzed from the aspects of argument, conception (novelty), structure, argumentation method and language.
4. Master some commonly used terms of analytical articles for application. For example, the theme is profound (vivid), the conception is exquisite, the artistic conception is profound, the structure is novel, the description is exquisite, the emotion is in the scene, the scene is mixed, the image is vivid, the hierarchy is clear, the contrast is interesting, the front and back echoes, the metaphor is vivid, the antithesis is steady, the words are brilliant, the words are concise, the epigrams are exquisite, the writing is vivid, the imagination is rich, the cases are typical, and the suspense is cleverly set. It should be used and played according to the actual situation of the article, not hard-wired or piled up. The same is true of the various writing methods mentioned above, which only provide some clues for thinking and need specific analysis, and cannot be mechanically copied.
When analyzing in the examination room, we can't cover everything, but only grasp the most important and prominent features in the article.
How to appreciate China's ancient prose
How to appreciate China's ancient prose
1. Analysis of the necessity of creating a good atmosphere for learning ancient Chinese.
The new Chinese curriculum standard emphasizes: "Reading simple classical Chinese can help you understand the basic content with notes and reference books." It can be said that the new Chinese curriculum standard reduces the requirements for learning classical Chinese, and the items of the classical Chinese examination in the senior high school entrance examination are limited to textbooks. Theoretically, there should be a fairly ideal result, but the result is quite unexpected.
The author investigated more than 50 Chinese teachers in middle schools, and found that in the process of classical Chinese teaching, most teachers pay great attention to sentence translation, memory and targeted exercises, and the teaching process is rigorous. However, in the process of learning classical Chinese, most students think that the process of learning classical Chinese in this way is boring and inefficient, just like learning another foreign language. They even think that teaching classical Chinese well is teachers' wishful thinking, and students can only "roll with the punches".
The reasons for the inefficiency in learning classical Chinese are as follows:
1, students left the situation of understanding classical Chinese. Classical Chinese is really not like modern Chinese, which makes students read fluently and understand the meaning. It is difficult for students to accept the complexity of translation, to understand the expression of stubborn teeth in classical Chinese and to understand the true and rich expression of ancient people's feelings. For example, in Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi, Zou Ji asks his wife, concubine and guests the same question: "Who am I, Xu Hongmei in the north of the city?" The wife said, "Your Majesty is very beautiful. How can Xu Can Palace compare with you?" The princess said, how can I compare with you? The guest said, "Xu Gong is not equal to your beauty." They replied with one voice, with the same meaning but different sentence patterns, and slightly changed words, but expressed different tones and different psychology of different characters. When students understand the above content, they often start with words and sentence patterns, and then rush to answer the teacher's question "Why is the tone different?" Instead of experiencing it in a specific story situation. This understanding of classical Chinese is superficial, dull, vivid and not profound, and the mastery is hasty, hasty, unstable and firm.
2. Students leave the situation of using classical Chinese. Zhao Pu's Half Analects of Confucius Governing the World illustrates the importance of applying what you have learned. However, in daily life, students' communication is not deliberately expressed in classical Chinese, and they think it is a rather pedantic performance. Kong Yiji's "Too much is too little, too much" is a proof. In the teaching class, our teachers may also ignore the particularity of the flexible use of classic sentences in different situations. For example, teachers often describe it as a high-profile performance of the United States singing bad human rights at the United Nations, which is interpreted as ulterior motives. But at this time, "The Drunken Pavilion" should not be understood in this way. In fact, the use of classical Chinese also requires students to have a certain cultural taste. Due to the limitation of students' cultural quality, students have a special liking for the emerging and simple network language, but ignore the use of classical Chinese.
3. Students leave the classical Chinese humanistic situation. Classical Chinese is rich in poetry and painting, exudes unique cultural charm and embodies profound national feelings. However, students seem unable to understand the subtleties of classical Chinese. For example, in the article Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, students understand the important knowledge of "sense of worry" and "success in adversity". However, when asked about the modern significance of their sense of hardship and how to make themselves talents, students are at a loss. The key lies in the lack of humanistic situation. The creation of humanistic situation in classical Chinese requires students to pay attention to contemporary social and cultural life, pay attention to the cultivation of their own quality, and strive to be well cultivated in the study of classical Chinese, improve their life quality and cultivate healthy personality. For example, the creation of the humanistic situation of "anxiety consciousness" makes students worry about the war in peacetime, the environment of developing society, and the incurable diseases in a better life ... Let students learn from the broad mind of the ancients, shoulder the responsibility of inheriting excellent civilization, and establish a correct outlook on life and values.
It can be seen that it is very necessary to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese.
2. Strategic thinking on creating a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese.
Since learning classical Chinese requires a good situation and it is so important to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese, we should think strategically.
1, chant, satirize and get it.
The irony of reciting is to ask students to read aloud, read correctly and smoothly, visualize language in cadence, beautify and deepen emotions. Let the students immerse themselves in it, understand the taste of the article and gain something. "Old books are never tired of reading, and children know themselves when they are familiar with them." "They are familiar with 300 Tang poems, and they can sing even if they can't write poems." This is a subtle presentation of chanting. take for example ......
Which book is better, more professional and more accurate?
Let me recommend:
1, the Shanghai ancient book Selected Works of Past Dynasties consists of two parts, with four sets in total. It seems to be a single book now, and I read four sets at that time.
2. Appreciation of pre-Qin prose seems to be an ancient book in Shanghai. This is not allowed. I am away on business, and the book is not wonderful.
3. There are many books on ancient Chinese prose. At that time, I read Yuelu's.
In short, there are many, but good and famous articles are hard to earn.