The location of Jiujian Temple
During the Qianlong period, all kinds of treasures collected and stored in the Forbidden City in Beijing were recorded in the correspondence files between Beijing and Shengjing's internal affairs office, between Beijing and Shengjing's ritual department and the yamen of the Ministry of Industry. Sometimes the number of recipients can reach more than 20 times a year, ranging from tens of dollars to hundreds of thousands of dollars at a time, and at most, there are100000 dollars. According to the archives, the larger ones are:
After eight years of Qianlong (1743), more than a thousand gold bowls, plates, copper bowls and plates were dispatched. Forty-four years of Qianlong (1779), allocated porcelain of various colors during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong years100000 pieces; After eight or forty-three years of Qianlong, dozens of bows, arrows, knives, guns, saddles, armor and chopsticks were sent to the emperor for his royal use; In the eleventh year of Qianlong (1746), dozens of imperial paintings and calligraphy handed down by famous artists in previous dynasties were sent; In the fifty-second year of Qianlong (1787), hundreds of royal paintings and calligraphy handed down by famous artists from past dynasties were sent.
Qinggong musical instrument paixiao
Emperor Qianlong issued many orders and personally presided over the transportation of a large number of palace cultural relics and artworks to Shengjing Palace for safekeeping, with the following purposes:
First, during the emperor's eastward tour and his stay in Shengjing Palace, for the purpose of holding various ceremonies in Shengjing Palace and the Three Tombs of Shengjing, he sent and stored palace practical articles, furnishings and various articles used by the emperors and queens of the Qing Dynasty. These include palace furnishings, imperial utensils, costumes, imperial halogen books, etiquette utensils and so on.
Secondly, according to the needs of the national etiquette system in Qing Dynasty, we should respect and collect all kinds of treasures, legal documents and royal archives of Empress Dowager Cixi, and enhance the distinguished status of Shengjing Palace. During the Qianlong period, the national etiquette system was complete. Due to the need of etiquette system, more and more national treasures were produced. Respecting and preserving national treasures is actually the need to safeguard national power and status. Since the Qianlong period, Li Hong has sent jade treasures and books of emperors and empresses in the past dynasties, records of emperors, hadith and sacred capacity, genealogy of Aisingiorro's imperial clan and Jueluo, and various files and documents kept secret by the Qing government.
Thirdly, the flourishing age collection belongs exclusively to the royal family, opening up a safe place for royal treasures, so as to better store the artistic treasures and various newly created royal objects collected by the royal family in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. In the middle of Qing dynasty, the state power was gradually consolidated, the society was stable and the economy was prosperous, and the so-called "prosperous time" appeared. During the Qianlong period, there were more and more national treasures handed down in the palace. In addition to famous paintings and antiques, there are various imperial kilns and workshops set up by the internal government, which specialize in making royal porcelain, calligraphy and painting, sculpture, enamel, embroidery, books and other treasures.
Fourth, continue to send the bows and arrows, swords, spears, armor, saddles and other things used by the Qing emperors for preservation, so as to maintain and inherit the national policy of advocating martial arts in the Qing Dynasty. "Riding and shooting in Mandarin" was an established national policy of the Qing Dynasty, and the emperor family took the lead in setting an example. Therefore, the imperial capital of the Qing Dynasty has bow, treasure knife, sword and other equipment. Bows, arrows, knives and guns used by the emperor of Qianlong Dynasty were all stored in Shengjing to show the meaning of "never forgetting the roots".
According to the Inventory of Objects in Shengjing Palace written by Daoguang, there were as many as120,000 sets of cultural relics in Shengjing Palace at that time. And this situation continued until the end of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. The main cultural relics in the warehouse of Shengjing Palace are as follows:
Phoenix Tower is a yellow glazed tile with green decoration, three drops of water, a balcony and a rest mountain building. It is located on the high platform behind Chongzheng Hall on the middle road of the Forbidden City in Shenyang, and it is the highest point of the Forbidden City building. From the end of Jin Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, this was the place where Huang Taiji and his empresses discussed, studied, took a nap and feasted. Since the Qianlong dynasty, Fenglou has become a place to store precious cultural relics such as the jade seal in the early Qing Dynasty, the emperor's "sacred capacity" and "Letu".
According to relevant historical records and archives, in the 11th year of Qianlong (1746), more than 10 royal treasure seals that had been stopped in the early Qing Dynasty were personally inspected by Emperor Qianlong, and 10 of them were presented to Shengjing Palace to show the dignity of Longxing Land. These ten royal treasures are: the treasures ordered by the Qing Dynasty (Jasper, Kirin New Zealand), the treasures of the emperor (Jade, Dragon New Zealand), the treasures of the emperor (Jasper, Panlong New Zealand), the treasures of the emperor (Xiangmu, Su New Zealand) and Tianbao (Gold, Dragon New Zealand).
Chongmoge Mene
In addition, the Phoenix Tower also houses ten icons of emperors from the Qing Emperor Nuerhachi to the Qing Emperor Zai Chun (Tongzhi Emperor) in Mu Zong, and fifteen "music pictures" of three emperors, namely Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang. Judging from the picture contents of the Qing emperor's "sacred capacity" and "Letu", the "standard image" of the emperor sitting in a formal dress is "sacred capacity", and his daily life image of riding, hunting, feasting and sightseeing is called "Letu". These "icons" and "music pictures" of the Qing emperors were originally hidden in the Forbidden City in Beijing, and were sent to Shengjing for collection in the fifteenth year of Qianlong. After that, all dynasties sent the icons of the former emperors to Shengjing according to this system until Guangxu period. These portraits of emperors were all painted by court painters in the Qing Dynasty, and some of them were co-painted by many people, which has certain historical and artistic value.
In addition, in the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), the hadith and records of the five generations from Taizu to Sejong (Yongzheng) were transported to the Fenghuang Building in Shengjing for collection, and in the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778), they were moved to Chongmo Pavilion for collection until the late Qing Dynasty.
The Dragon Flying Pavilion is located in the east of Chongzheng Hall. It is a five-story box building with a wide surface. The upper layer contains the imperial weapons such as bows and arrows, swords and muskets, as well as weapons such as armor, whips and saddles. , from the Qing Dynasty Taizong Huang Taiji to the Qing Dynasty Mu Zong (Tongzhi) Emperor Zai Chun. When the Qing emperor was touring the east of Shengjing Palace, Emperor Jiaqing went upstairs to check the storage of imperial weapons.
Feilongge exterior location
Your building has a collection of 459 kinds of precious ancient bronzes in the Qing court, with more than 800 pieces, including 5 in Shang Dynasty, more than 400 in Zhou Dynasty, more than 300 in Han Dynasty and more than 20 in Tang Dynasty. There are more than 50 kinds of vessels, such as ding, Zun, Yi, Jue, Zhang, Yu, Pan, Drum and Bell, and many of them are engraved with inscriptions. These 800 ancient bronzes were compiled into a book during the Western Qing Dynasty. This is the only book that specializes in the collection of books in Shengjing Palace in Qing Dynasty.
In addition to the above two items, there are other items in the Longfei Pavilion. For example, there are dozens of pieces of yellow emperor Cai Yang's eight treasures, martial arts, blue and white dragon and phoenix, Cheng Xiang Tai Chi Zun and other porcelain, as well as dozens of foreign porcelain thorns. In addition, there are chairs such as backrests, welcoming hands, chair cushions and antlers, as well as items such as armor and leather pieces, totaling about 1000.
Xiangfengge has a collection of royal cultural relics of the Qing Dynasty. Xiangfengge is located in the front and west of Chongzheng Hall. It is a five-story box building with a wide surface. The collections in the museum can be roughly divided into two categories: calligraphy and painting, and royal treasures. According to records, Xiangfeng Pavilion has more than 500 royal furnishings and treasures of Shengjing Palace, nearly 200 royal furnishings and treasures of Xia Yuan Palace and Guangning Palace, more than 60 scrolls of paintings and calligraphy collected by famous artists in past dynasties, and more than 0/00 volumes of royal paintings and calligraphy of emperors and ministers of Qing Dynasty. The items displayed in the above palaces and palaces account for about one-seventh of all the collections of Xiangfengge.
Xiangfengge exterior location
In addition to the palace and palace furnishings, the other artifacts of Xiangfeng Pavilion can be roughly divided into three categories:
The first category is gold, silver, jade, porcelain, enamel, lacquer, horn, wood, teeth and other products, more than 2000 pieces, of which various jade articles account for a large proportion. Most of these items are expensive and exquisite utensils and handicrafts kept in the palace. The second category is more than 4,000 pieces of various kinds of brocade, cloth, clothes and purses. Among them are dozens of royal robes, crowns and beads. There are more than 400 pairs of wallets, large and small. Most of the rest are satin fabrics. These two kinds of collections are mainly used for palace furnishings and gifts to officials when the Qing emperor marched eastward. The third category is the imperial calligraphy and painting of the Qing emperor, the calligraphy and painting made by famous artists and the books and maps published by the Forbidden City. Among them, the calligraphy and painting of famous artists in the past dynasties are the most precious, with more than 330 works (volumes) by famous painters from Tang Dynasty to Ming Dynasty 100, all of which are excellent works collected by the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty.
Qing palace porcelain
These paintings and calligraphy works of art and the bronze tripod collected by Longfei Museum are the "Shuang Bao" collected by Shengjing Palace. There are also three or four hundred imperial calligraphy and paintings in Qing Dynasty, including imperial poems and paintings, copying the works of ancient masters, most of which were written by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, Jin Liang compiled the Records of Painting and Calligraphy in Shengjing Palace and the Records of Painting and Calligraphy in Shengjing Palace according to some exquisite paintings and calligraphy collected by Xiangfengge.
Dongqi Store all kinds of round-cut porcelain produced by Qing Palace Imperial Kiln Factory. Dongqijian is located behind the Longfei Pavilion. It is a seven-story wide box building with100000 pieces of porcelain made in Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong years. These porcelains are all fired in official kilns for the use of the court. So many porcelain products are transported from Beijing to this place for storage, mainly to prepare for the banquet in the East. Therefore, the seventh floor of the East is called the "Porcelain Library".
In addition to the above-mentioned porcelains, there are more than 4,000 other porcelains in Dongqi Building, which are divided into three parts: First, porcelains in Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, mostly bottles, plates, dishes and bowls. Each kind ranges from one to dozens. Glazes include blue and white, red glaze, multicolored glaze, blue glaze, Ru glaze, Jun glaze and sauce glaze. Secondly, there are more than 100 bowls and plates from Yongle to Wanli in Ming Dynasty, mostly blue and white porcelain. Thirdly, there are hundreds of imitation Xuan kiln, Cheng kiln and Jia kiln products in stock, and a small amount of porcelain with external colors (enamel colors), which should also be fired between Kangxi and Jiaqing.
Located at the back of Xiangfeng Pavilion, the seventh floor on the west is seven two-story rooms with a wide floor, where temple books, ink-carved stone tablets and government office documents are stored. After the Qianlong dynasty, the seventh floor in the west was commonly known as "Book Carving Building" or "Archives Branch Library" and "West Archives Library". The building mainly stores books, ink prints and files.
Books collected and printed in the West Seventh Room account for a large proportion, such as Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, Canon of Qing Dynasty, Examples of Ministries, and Poems of the Imperial Family, all of which were approved by Emperor Qianlong. What's more commendable is that there are many Manchu seal cutting or book combinations here, such as Hui Dian, Four Books and Royal Eight Banners. There are three languages: Mongolian, Mongolian and Chinese, as well as some Manchu reference books, such as Han Qing Duyin Zi Poetry and Wen Qing Jian.
Another important collection is ink paintings and inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty. According to statistics, there are hundreds of these ink carvings and inscriptions. In the collection, the imperial poems and inscriptions of Emperor Gaozong in Qing Dynasty are the most, and there are also some inscriptions and ink rubbings of Sanxi Hall Fa Tie and Chunhua Pavilion.
The archives of the Qing Dynasty stored in the West Seventh Room were sent by Shengjing House and others at any time, which can be divided into three categories according to categories: First, there are about 50,000 documents in Manchu and Chinese. It is a manuscript of official documents exchanged between Shengjing's internal affairs office and Beijing's internal affairs office and Shengjing's five departments from Shunzhi to the end of Qing Dynasty. Second, files. The so-called "black map file" ("black map", the full name is "copy" or "miscellaneous file") has more than 980 volumes. It is a copy of official documents between the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the capital of Shengjing and related yamen in Shengjing during the period from Kangxi to Xianfeng. Third, during the period from Qianlong to Xuan Tong, the hukou of the Eight Banners in Shengjing area. There are more than 8,000 volumes, about half of which are complete and half are damaged. These three files cover the politics, economy, military affairs, royal affairs, flag affairs, the Qing emperor's east tour and many other aspects in Northeast China over the past 200 years after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs. They are all first-hand materials and are a group of precious historical documents preserved by the Forbidden City in Shengjing.
According to the inventory of calligraphy and ink carvings on the seventh floor of the West during the Qing Dynasty, there are still more than 50 bronze sacrificial vessels in three Qing tombs in Shengjing, including Mongolian, unbroken Manchu letters and 537 printing plates.
Located on the north side of the main hall of the Forbidden City, Luanjia Library contains 100 pieces of official Luanjia, Lujia, ceremonial ceremonies and official musical instruments of the Qing emperor. After eleven years of Qianlong (1746), the imperial books and etiquette books in Shengjing Palace were stored here. These royal items were used by the Qing emperors when they traveled and held ceremonies during their visit to Shengjing. At that time, the things left by the Forbidden City in Shenyang can be divided into four categories: one is the wandering kind, such as hiking and saddle; Second, royal articles, such as top chairs and stove poles. ; The third is etiquette, such as standing melon, lying melon, dragon and phoenix fan, leopard tail gun and so on. Fourth, musical instruments, such as painting horns, bronze horns, sheng, flute and so on. Four collections/kloc-more than 0/00 pieces.
Yuan Jing Jing Dian ge
Jingdian Pavilion Collects Jade Dies, a five-story and two-story main building, is located in the last courtyard of the East Courtyard of Shengjinggong Middle Road, and is the storage place of the Qing Dynasty royal family Aixinjue Roche genealogy Jade Dies.
The so-called "Yushu" in Qing Dynasty is the royal genealogy of Ai Xinjue Roche and Jue Roche. In the Qing Dynasty, all members of the royal family of Aixinjue Roche were divided into two systems according to their blood relationship with the emperor: one was the "imperial clan", that is, the direct descendant of the great ancestor Taksi (the father of Nurhachi), which was a yellow belt, commonly known as the "yellow belt"; One is "Jue Luo", that is, other descendants of Zhao Zu, Xing Zu and Jing Zu, who are tied with a red belt according to the system, commonly known as "red belt". According to the custom of the Qing dynasty, when the children born to the imperial clan and Jueluo reach the age of one, they must write down the date and time of birth and the surname of the birth mother, specify the grade and order in detail, and send them to Zongren House in the form of books. The imperial clan entered the Jade Emperor's Yellow Book and the Jade Emperor's Red Book. Family jade models are compiled once every ten years, and are imported by Zongrenfu every year according to the records in Huang Hong's book. The imperial clan entered the yellow file and Luo entered the red file. Everyone in Jade Death is arranged according to the imperial system, and the order is old and young. Save Zhu Shu, dead ink book. If you use the same name by mistake, it will be changed to humble and young.
Jade model was first compiled in the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (16 1), and has been compiled nine times in the 7th year of Qianlong (1742). Jade models compiled by various departments were stored in the imperial palace, Zongren House and Ritual Department in Beijing, but they were not sent to the store. In the eighth year of Qianlong reign (1743), Li Hong ordered a copy of local chronicles to be moved to Shengjing for preservation. Since then, all newly revised jade models compiled by Zong Renfu have been sent to Shengjing for safekeeping as examples in the eighth year of Qianlong. From the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty to the 34th year of Guangxu (161-kloc-0/908), all the jade models arranged by the Aisingiorro family sent one of them to Jingdian Pavilion in Shengjing, with a total of yellow 152 packages and red 235 packages. The jade books in Jingdian Pavilion are generally huge volumes two feet long and one foot wide. The covers are made of yellow and red silk according to the imperial clan and Jueluo respectively. The whole volume is made of white rice paper, and the binding is quite beautiful. This volume is written in Manchu and Chinese respectively to reflect the wealth and dignity of the imperial clan. Every time the jade model is transported from Beijing to Shengjing to be enshrined in the cabinet, a grand ceremony will be held as usual.