The moon, as the natural satellite of the earth; It carries too much emotional sustenance of human beings, as well as human exploration and imagination of outer space. The legend of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon is not only a beautiful story, but also our courage and determination to pursue exploration for thousands of years.
In 2020,165438+1October 24th, Chang 'e V was successfully launched. After 23 days of high attention, Chang 'e? Not only did you successfully run to the moon, but you also successfully brought back precious things from the moon? Native product moon soil. 17 in the early morning 1: 59, we landed safely on the Siziwangqi prairie in Inner Mongolia under the cover of night.
People's scientist Ye Peijian once told a story. At a United Nations scientific and technological achievements exhibition, other countries exhibited a lot of equipment, all kinds of dazzling; The exhibition in the United States is a piece of lunar soil, quietly placed on an empty booth and illuminated by exquisite lights. Just a piece of moon soil is enough to represent the scientific and technological progress of a country. Many years later, humans did not take samples from the moon.
At the moment when Chang 'e V landed, it has been 44 years since the Soviet Moon 24 sample returned from 1976. It has been 14 years since China's lunar exploration project was officially launched in 2004; Since February 2020, China has achieved one of the most complicated and difficult tasks in space flight for the first time. It became the third country in the world to realize the return of lunar sampling after the United States and the Soviet Union.
The recycled lunar soil of about 2 kilograms actually weighs 1000 kilograms.
0 1. Many people know that Chang 'e V was successfully launched from the earth. The moon? Every step of the earth's space transfer faces great difficulties and challenges.
Near-moon braking, assembly separation, lunar landing, sampling, lunar takeoff, lunar orbit docking, successful separation, controlled lunar landing and safe landing. Every step is closely linked, which is very important and requires very strict accuracy of operation.
One of the key orbit control during the flight of the lunar probe is the braking in the near moon, which is what we know? Brake? . After a four-day trip to the moon, Chang 'e V completed its first braking in recent months on the evening of 28th. When the probe is slower than the moon, it will be attracted by the moon's gravity? Capture? , thus entering the orbit around the moon.
At this time, if the detector does not brake effectively in time, it will fly away from the moon, and it will be more difficult to meet the moon again; Excessive braking will increase challenges and risks, which is directly related to the success or failure of the task.
165438+1At 20: 23 on October 29, Chang 'e V successfully completed the second near-moon braking at the near-moon point, changing from an elliptical orbit to a near-circular orbit.
After the braking in recent months, it is necessary to separate the lander and elevator components of the Chang 'e-5 probe from the orbiter and returner components, and then choose a suitable time to implement a soft landing on the lunar surface. Soft landing is not free landing, but reducing the vertical speed before the probe lands, so that it can land at a speed that does not damage itself. There is no earth's air on the moon, so it is self-evident that it is difficult for the probe to land on the moon smoothly.
Hiking? 380,000 kilometers, when Chang 'e V landed successfully and sent back the landing image map, one of the most important tasks of this project: automatic sampling of the lunar surface. After about 19 hours of lunar work, it is judged that the lunar soil structure detector and other payloads work normally only according to the data returned by the detector, and the sampling is completed and the sample is packaged.
Time is slowly coming to 65438+23: 00 on February 3, and the Chang 'e V elevator is on the moon? Ignition? After working for about 6 minutes, 3000 Niu's engine successfully sent the elevator carrying lunar soil into orbit around the moon.
On February 6, 65438, the elevator successfully rendezvous and docked with the combination of orbiter and returner, and the sample container was safely transferred to the returner. At this time, the combination of Chang 'e V orbiter and returner is separated from the riser. Prepare to choose the right time to return to earth.
After waiting for about 6 days, the combination of Chang 'e V orbiter and returner began to go to the moon. The transfer of the earth. What's the use of going home on the 5th? Waste water? The way of completion; This is a very distinctive way. What's the technical term? High-speed reentry trajectory technology? . Generally speaking, Chang 'e V's return vehicle will first enter the earth's atmosphere at high speed, and then use the lift provided by the atmosphere? Jump up? Then re-enter the atmosphere and return to the ground.
It took 23 days to complete a great task of great significance to China's space industry.
02. Chang 'e V? Five firsts?
I'm too superficial to learn on paper, but I don't know whether to do it or not. . What is the mission of Chang 'e V? Lunar exploration project? The sixth mission achieved five firsts in China's space industry. The task is arduous, the process is difficult and the ending is satisfactory.
Firstly, the sampling and packaging of extraterrestrial objects have been realized for the first time in China. Compared with manual sampling, unmanned sampling has strict requirements on technology and accuracy. The second is to ignite and take off on an extraterrestrial object for the first time and enter the orbit accurately. The third is the first unmanned rendezvous and docking of lunar orbit and sample transfer. The fourth is to carry the moon sample for the first time and return at a speed close to the second universe. Fifth, the storage, analysis and research system of China lunar samples was established for the first time.
The success of this mission, celebrated by the whole country, is a milestone breakthrough in China's industrial engineering, which indicates that China has the ability to go back and forth between the earth and the moon. It laid a good foundation for China's future lunar exploration.
03. The development history of the lunar exploration program
Success is not achieved overnight. Success comes from constant exploration and progress. Since ancient times, people have never stopped exploring the sky.
Thousands of years ago, Lu Ban, the most famous craftsman in ancient China, made wooden kites and let them soar in the air for three days and nights.
/kloc-at the end of 0/4 century, a man named Wan Hu made 47 homemade ones in the Ming dynasty? Rocket? Tied to a chair, sitting on the chair by myself, holding a big kite in both hands. He first began to imagine flying into the sky with the thrust of a rocket, and then landing smoothly with a kite. Unfortunately, the rocket exploded and thousands of families gave their precious lives for it.
Thousands of years later, in February 1956, Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist at that time, put forward the idea of establishing China's national defense aviation industry to the Central Committee. In April of the same year, People's Republic of China (PRC) Aviation Industry Committee was established to lead the aviation and rocket industry in China.
1970, China's first artificial satellite? Dongfanghong No.1? Successfully launched. Space science has emerged in China.
In 2003, China Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft was launched, and the manned space technology was mastered for the first time.
In 2004, China officially launched the lunar exploration project. Chang 'e-1 flew to the moon on 20071October 24th 18: 05, and the first phase of Chang 'e project was successfully completed.
65438+February 2020, decades of research, single-minded determination. It ushered in the successful round-trip of Chang 'e V to the moon. This is a staged success and the beginning of the next great project.
04. As for Chang 'e V, scientists have scientists' thoughts, and ordinary people have ordinary people's questions. Chang 'e V successfully returned to the whole country to celebrate. Recently, there have been many strange questions about cocoa love on the Internet.
Why do detectors always launch at night? Do all the scientists in aerospace engineering experts stay up all night? See this problem? Talented? Netizen god replied:? Chang 'e V is going to the moon, and the moon can't be seen during the day. Where are you going? .
On this issue, Qian Hang, designer of the General Department of the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said that it is mainly to facilitate the design of the lunar orbit, reduce the influence of solar activities, and facilitate signal transmission and observation.
Can the moon soil grow vegetables?
Seeing this problem, I believe many people can't help but sigh: I am a descendant of Shennong, and the first thing that comes to mind whenever and wherever is farming.
This time? Talented? The netizen's divine reply is: you can definitely grow carrots, otherwise the jade rabbit will eat.
The scientific answer to this question is: Moon soil does not contain any organic nutrients, so vegetables cannot be planted.
Besides, there are many similar and very interesting questions.
Although we are not scientists and can't do our bit, we use ordinary people? Grounding gas? Ways to pay attention to the progress of China's space industry.
I wish the motherland's space industry continuous breakthroughs and vigorous development.