Early cultures include:
Dadiwan culture
Dadiwan culture is the earliest known Neolithic culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China, also known as "Laoguantai culture", mainly distributed in the Weihe River basin, Guanzhong and the upper reaches of the Danjiang River, and existed from about 6 to 5 BC. Dadiwan culture is rich in connotation and distinctive in characteristics. It is not only the prehistoric ancestors who took the lead in using painted pottery in China, but also the earliest agricultural culture in northwest China. Because it belongs to the early Neolithic age, it shows its original characteristics everywhere.
Majiayao Culture
Majiayao Culture
Majiayao Culture was first discovered in Majiayao Village, Lintao County, Gansu Province in 1923, hence its name. Majiayao culture is a local type of Yangshao culture developing westward, which appeared in the late Neolithic period more than 5,7 years ago. After more than 3, years of development, there are four types: Shilingxia, Majiayao, Banshan and Machang. It is mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Taohe River, Daxia River and Huangshui River Basin in Gansu and Qinghai. Chalcolithic culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River of the People's Republic of China.
Qijiaping culture
was named after it was first discovered in Guanghe, Gansu Province in 1924. The age is from 2 BC to 19 BC. It is distributed on the terraces along the Yellow River and its tributaries in Gansu and Qinghai provinces. * * * Found more than 35 sites. Residents manage agriculture, plant crops such as millet, and use production tools such as bone shovels, perforated stone knives and stone sickles. Raising pigs, sheep, dogs and large livestock, such as cattle and horses. Pottery industry is developed, with double-ear pots, high-collared and folded-shoulder pots and perforated beans as typical utensils. There has been a copper smelting industry, including copper knives, cones, mirrors, rings and other small red or bronze wares. Most of the houses are square or rectangular semi-crypt buildings, and the interior of the house is painted with a layer of white ash, which is smooth and solid. Clan cemetery is often located near residential areas, and rectangular pit tombs are popular, including single burial and joint burial, with pottery and pig mandible as funerary objects. A male and a female or a male and a female adult male and female grave appeared, in which the male leaned back with straight limbs and the female bent her limbs sideways to face the man. This shows that men were in a dominant position in society at that time, and women fell to a subordinate position. It reflects that it has entered the patriarchal clan society at that time, and the marriage forms are monogamy and polygamy.
Zhou Wenhua
is a unique cultural form in Chinese history and the cornerstone of Chinese national culture. After the inheritance and innovation of hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the development of Confucian Classics in Han, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties, Zhou Wenhua finally formed the unique history and culture of the Chinese nation, thus becoming a cultural system with long-term vitality. All kinds of laws and regulations, rites and music systems and ideological and moral norms contained in it became the ideological and political basis of China's feudal rule for thousands of years and the origin of Confucianism, which influenced the Chinese civilization and the history of world civilization for nearly three thousand years after Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Wenhua's complete and coordinated cultural system, with "Heaven" as its spiritual belief, "Morality" as its value principle and "Harmony" as its social action criterion, is a precious cultural wealth left for the Chinese nation in the axial period of China's history and still has great spiritual charm. This scenic spot vividly summarizes and expounds the basic content and spiritual core of Zhou Culture with 31 stories of Zhou Dynasty, and reveals the longevity gene of this 8-year-old longest dynasty in Chinese history.
Qin culture
is the most successful political culture and institutional culture in the historical process of our country, which has the most profound influence on the traditional culture of China in later generations. In the early development process, Qin culture absorbed the basic culture of western China, such as Xirong and Xiqiang, which laid the foundation for the development of Qin. In the process of unifying the six countries and establishing a centralized system, Qin Shihuang implemented the basic national policy of "cars on the same track, books on the same text, and lines on the same track". In terms of political culture, it absorbed and compatible the Yangtze River culture such as the Six Kingdoms, and formed a unique form of Qin culture. Its characteristics and principles are not to learn from the past, not to worship the classics, to govern by law and to take officials as teachers. That is, seeking truth from facts, simplicity and frankness, not being vain, seeking big and more, paying attention to expansion, being proactive, being tough and martial, etc. The greatest contribution of Qin culture in the history of China is to end the turbulent situation of vassal regimes for hundreds of years and establish the first unified multi-ethnic centralized feudal country in the history of China. The Qin Dynasty rose from Qingshui area in Gansu province to Qin Shihuang's unification of the six countries, and its 24-generation monarch had built capitals in Longxian, Qianyang, Chencang and Fengxiang in Baoji. Baoji's glorious history as the birthplace of Qin Dynasty can be seen.
Multi-ethnic culture
In the historical period, Longyou is basically a multi-ethnic community. Along with the pace of history, Longyou region has also stepped up the pace of ethnic integration, and the opening of the Silk Road has made Longyou the junction of the diffusion, exchange and integration of Chinese culture and western cultures. It can be seen that the great development of Longyou culture is the inevitable result of ethnic integration, and on the other hand, it constantly absorbs nutrition in the composition of regions and ethnic groups and in the cultural exchanges between China and the West. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Han cultural circle in China tended to be stereotyped in the process of long-term expansion and territorial expansion, and as a type of regional culture in China, Longyou culture showed more cultural convergence while maintaining its own characteristics. Ethnic integration and cultural exchange first contributed to the permeability and inclusiveness of Longyou culture. Here, every nation carries out emotional and cultural exchanges and recognition with its broad mind and open attitude. At first, the communication of all ethnic groups in this land was in a shallow interactive system, and then it entered the social system from organizational contact, expanding into a deep cultural and psychological contact, which not only expressed the different needs of different ethnic groups, but also embodied the common needs and interests of * * *. The communication and infiltration between ethnic groups are sometimes peaceful, sometimes extremely difficult, and sometimes even the misfortune of national migration and national extinction. The history of ethnic communication in Longyou region proves that the mutual communication and influence of cultural patterns, values and religious beliefs in different regions have formed mutual recognition and understanding. At the same time, the national consciousness and feelings for the motherland of different ethnic groups condensed through ethnic communication have maintained the relationship between the country and foreign countries in history, the gradually developed contact between the mainland and the frontier, and the unity of the country. It is not difficult to understand that the so-called infiltration refers to the infiltration between culture and spirit in Longyou area; The so-called tolerance refers to the tolerance of Longyou culture in the process of national integration, and its absorption and acceptance of various cultures. Secondly, Longyou culture is characterized by its creativity and continuity. Longyou people are creative people. A large number of cultural remains such as labor tools, houses and tombs in Stone Age sites have been continuously excavated in Longyou since modern times, which are the embodiment of the creative spirit of Longyou ancestors. And those dazzling painted pottery art and grotto art are the symbols of Longyou culture full of creative vitality. It is this creative spirit that makes Longyou culture pass from generation to generation, endless, and unique. The so-called continuity of Longyou culture is also reflected on the basis of this creative spirit. Among the Longyou ethnic groups, Qiang, Di, Rong and even Tangut have undergone great changes in the course of history, but their cultural character and quality are still recorded in our country's ancient books, and their customs and habits are still infiltrated and preserved in Longyou folk customs. The continuity of Longyou culture can also be seen here.
Influence on China Culture
As one of the cradles of Chinese civilization in the Yellow River Basin, the regional culture rose with its distinctive style and high level when mankind began to enter the threshold of civilization, and occupied a place in the early cultural history of China. In the long historical process of Huaxia culture developing into Han culture and forming Han cultural circle, Longyou culture has always been converging with the diffusion and attraction of Han culture; It is also different because of the fluctuation of population flow, ethnic migration, unity and division. Longyou culture depends on the convenience of the region, and the east depends on Sanqin culture, which belongs to the Central Plains culture, so that the Han culture can spread and develop and accelerate the process of Longyou civilization. Longyou is located in the main road of communication between China and the West, and the west is adjacent to the western cultures belonging to desert and grassland types. It is here that minority cultures and foreign cultures can collide, communicate and merge with Chinese cultures. It can be seen that Longyou, as a relatively independent area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, is the middle zone where the political, economic and cultural forces of the Central Plains and its surrounding areas advance and retreat and rise and fall with each other. Therefore, it has become a bridge for the two-way communication and diffusion between the Central Plains culture and surrounding cultures, and the civilization within and outside the region. Longyou culture, as a unique regional culture, has more Chinese cultural characteristics than the western culture. Compared with Sanqin culture, it contains more elements of minority culture. Longyou culture is the intermediate link of the whole northwest cultural belt from Sanqin culture to the western region culture, which links the two sides and forms its own system. Once the conditions suitable for cultural development are met, various forms of culture may germinate here. This cultural advantage not only promoted the development of Longyou culture, but also continuously injected fresh blood into Sanqin culture and western region culture. Therefore, Longyou culture has complex national color and transitional characteristics. Longyou culture is a typical epitome of Chinese traditional culture.