First, know the difference between Chinese characters and pictophonetic characters. For example, "tears" is a knowing word, and "tears" is a pictophonetic word; "Rock" is a knowing word, and "Rock" is a pictophonetic word.
Second, change signifiers with similar meanings. For example, from the "snapping" of the beam sound to the "snapping" of the beam sound. From "sigh" of debt to "sigh" of mouth. From the bed of clothes to the bed of clothes.
Third, change the phonetic symbols with similar pronunciation. For example, the sound of "line" comes from the spring, but the sound of "line" comes from the spring. "Kun" was changed by bragging, and later by the library.
Fourth, change the position of each component. Some change the position of phonetic symbols and signifiers, such as "shame", "harmony" and "goose? And so on. Some just changed the phonetic symbols or the writing of signifiers, such as "flowers" and "insects".
In the past, according to Shuowen, philologists divided variant characters into normal, variant and vulgar. In Shuowen, it is considered to be a positive body; What is not in Shuowen is considered to be a different language or a vulgar style.