Historian: Murong Xianbei is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor.
On February 27th this year, Xinhua News Agency broadcast a news that shocked the historians: Lei Guangzhen, president of the Sanyan Culture Research Association in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province and professor of history, recently said that Murong Xianbei was actually a descendant of the Yellow Emperor.
According to Lei Guangzhen's textual research, Murong Xianbei people did not have their own characters at first, which were passed down from generation to generation. However, the memory of Murong Xianbei people who are descendants of the Yellow Emperor is very clear. Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty wrote in Sheng 'an Poem: "The Murong family went to Xuanyuan from the clouds. "Xuanyuan is the Yellow Emperor. Besides being handed down from generation to generation, there are also records about the life experiences of Murong Xianbei people in ancient books. For example, "Shan Hai Jing" records: "There is a country in the north. The grandson of the Yellow Emperor was born in the Northern Emperor at first. This statement was later adopted by the Book of Jin and the History of the North, both of which said, "At first, they were ancestors of Xianbei people. The Book of Jin also said: Murong Hui, who was once named as "the governor of Xianbei" by Jin, was also a Xianbei native of Changli Spine City. The first is the Miao nationality of Xiong, who lives in Donghu. " Changliji City mentioned here is in Yixian County, Liaoning Province today. The so-called "descendants of bears" are descendants of the Yellow Emperor. According to historical records, Murong Xianbei is "the field of Mencius". Mencius' wild area should be in the upper reaches of Xiliao River, that is, the vast area south of Daxing 'anling and north of Yanshan Mountain. This is exactly the Hongshan Culture area that archaeologists have been paying attention to in recent twenty or thirty years.
Historically, Yan Qian, Houyan and Beiyan established by Murong Xianbei used Chaoyang as their capitals. As a result, Chaoyang has the reputation of "the old capital of Sanyan". Lei Guangzhen believes that Murong Xianbei later became the capital of western Liaoning, which is of great significance for returning home to find roots and ancestors. Later, Murong Xianbei and the Han nationality reunited, learning from each other's strong points and injecting cultural genes into the high prosperity of Sui and Tang Dynasties.
Guo Dashun, executive director of the Archaeological Society of China, pointed out that the migration of Huangdi clan is impermanent. This is the characteristic of nomadic and fishing and hunting tribes in the north. The presentation of Liaohe civilization and the cultural relationship between Yangshao culture and Hongshan Culture's north-south contact proved the credibility of the activities of representatives in the northern region in the early period of the Five Emperors.
Hongshan Culture District is located in the northernmost part of Daxing 'anling Mountains.
According to ancient records, Xianbei people consider themselves descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
After reading the news of Xinhua News Agency, the author found some information about Xianbei people. There are the following records:
After the Tuoba family in the Northern Wei Dynasty thought it was the Yellow Emperor, they thought that Tuoba family had two sources: one was Tuoba (also called Tuoba) from Xianbei nationality, and Tuoba family was a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor married Lei Zu and gave birth to a son. Changyi married the daughter of Shushan and gave birth to Zhuan Xu of Levin. Changyi's child Ziyun was sealed in the north of China. The Yellow Emperor takes the virtue of the earth as the king. Xianbei people call "Tutuo" and "Hou" postscript, so they take "Tuoba" as their surname, which means descendants of the Yellow Emperor. When Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was reformed, the royal family was changed to Yuan's. Apart from the royal family, De Tuoba's family became a common surname and remained Tuoba's family, which had nothing to do with the royal family. Second, it was changed by Li. In the Western Han Dynasty, Li's surname was changed to Tuoba. The ancestor of Tuoba: Tuoba Liwei. Tuoba's family traced its roots. The Yellow Emperor had four concubines, and he had 25 sons, of whom 65,438+02 sons inherited their father's surname-Ji, and the other 65,438+03 sons changed their surnames instead of Ji. Yuan Fei Xiling, the daughter of Xiling, named Leizu, gave birth to three children: Changyi, Xiao Xuan and Long Miao. The son of Xiling aristocratic family was named Changyi, who was demoted to a vassal (referring to Di Zi) and had three sons: the eldest son was named Huang Gan, who was born to Zhuan Xu (Levin, later one of the five emperors); The second son is named An, who lives in Xitu, and his descendant is Li; The third son, Mingyun, moved to the northern soil, and his descendants were Tuoba, a Xianbei person from the Northern Dynasties.
Murong Xianbei people remember that they are descendants of Huangdi and Zhuan Xu. Murong Xianbei people remember historical sites by word of mouth. When Shu Wei Ji Xu mentioned the origin of Xianbei, it was recorded: "Not for words, but for carving wood deeds. Things are far and near, and people teach each other, as recorded by historians ... "From their own word of mouth, Murong Xianbei is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. "The Eighth Book of Jin" said: "(Murong) took Daji City as the emperor city of Zhuan Xu, and Yuankang moved here in four years." Daji City is located in the east of Chaoyang City 170, and Emperor Zhuan Xu is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. "Book of Jin Lu Ba" also said: "Murong Hui, whose name is" Luo Gui ",is also a Xianbei person in Changli Spine City. The first is the Miao bear, who lives in the wild, nicknamed East Lake. " There is also the Xiong family, which refers to the Yellow Emperor. The word Miaoyuan originated from Lisao. Miao-born Miao originally meant "a newborn plant, the fruit of five grains", and later it was extended from the fruit of five grains to "future generations"; Birth means "offspring". The so-called "descendants of bears" are descendants of the Yellow Emperor. The memory of Murong Xianbei people that they are descendants of the Yellow Emperor and Zhuan Xu is so strong that Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty also said in the poem Sheng An Zi Meng: "Murong family has been in the field since Yunxuanyuan. "Xuanyuan refers to the Yellow Emperor.
Xianbei recorded in ancient books may be descended from Huangdi and Zhuan Xu. "Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Xi Jing" says: "There is a country in the north. The grandson of the Yellow Emperor was born in the Northern Emperor at first. " Later, it was used in the Book of Jin and the History of the North, all of which said, "They were all ancestors of Xianbei people at first." In other words, the Yellow Emperor is the ancestor of Xianbei people. "Yan Qian Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period of Sixteen Countries" says: "I traveled at home in the past, leaving a few children to live in the north, and the city is in the wild." Gao Xin's family is Di Ku, the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor. The more you hate, the more bound you are. Mencius' wild place is the Laoha River and the Xiliao River Basin mentioned above.
Sima Qian recorded in the Historical Records of the Five Emperors that Huaxia and all ethnic minorities are descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Sima Qian believed that there was an important relationship between ethnic minorities and Huaxia people, and Shun let Yao "flow * * * to the secluded tomb to be the Northern Emperor; Put a pocket in Chongshan to become Man Zi; Move three seedlings and three dangers to change Xirong; I am squatting in Yushan to become a foreigner. " It is said that the later barbarian Rongdi was developed from Yan Di and Huangdi in the Central Plains. This reflects the trend of gradual mixing and integration of all ethnic groups in China, the long-standing thought of "Huarong" or "Yuehu" in China's history, the ideological identity of the border ethnic groups in the Central Plains since ancient times, and the psychological convergence of ethnic minorities to Chinese culture in China's history.
Gaxian Cave: Where did the youngest son of the Yellow Emperor live?
In the historical books, there are records about "traveling to the capital". Huainanzi also records: "Shi Yao goes to Blackpool in the east and caresses the secluded capital in the north." Book of Jin: "Youzhou is named Youdu." There is a saying in the Songs of the South: "It's quiet here, and the locals have nine appointments."
Interpretation of the secluded capital in Ci Yuan refers to the north. In the old days, the sun was not here and everything was dark, so the north was quiet and the south was bright. However, some people pointed out that seclusion refers to Xianbei stone room.
In the preface to Shu Wei, it is recorded that the youngest son of the Yellow Emperor was sealed in the northern soil. "The secluded capital is unified in the north, and the wilderness is vast." "Book Yao Dian" also records: "Yao and his uncle live in Shuofang, and the day is quiet." Changyi's youngest son is named He. Yao, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, was sealed in the north. He had no place to live, so Emperor Yao ordered people to build a mansion and named it Youdu. This mansion may be Gaxian Cave in Daxing 'anling. It is also recorded in Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing: "Within the North Sea, there are mountains with secluded capital, black water, mysterious birds, snakes, tigers, leopards and foxes, and great mysterious mountains, great mysterious people and great seclusion countries." Some historians say that the North Sea is today's Lake Baikal, the mountain of Youdu is Daxian Beishan, Heishui is Heilongjiang, and the land of Youdi is an ancient Xianbei tribe. Although Shan Hai Jing does not really say that the secluded part is the stone chamber of Gaxian Cave, according to this analysis, it is still possible.
In addition, the Preface to the Book of Wei wrote: "In the past, the Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, either listed flowers inside or divided clothes outside. Changyi has a young son, who was granted the title of Northern Land. He owns the Great Xianbei Mountain, so he thought it was this number. Its later generations were monarchs, ruling the northern part of the secluded capital and the vast wilderness. Livestock migration, hunting as a business, simplicity as a custom. " It roughly reflects the truth of the ancestors' life of Tuoba Xianbei people. "The Biography of Former Murong" also said: "Once upon a time, he was tired of traveling around the world with his youngest sons. He lives in Liaozuo, nicknamed East Lake. "
The youngest son of the Yellow Emperor once lived in Gaxian Cave, which may not be a hypothesis. (