China's paper culture has a long history, and there are many famous papers in the past dynasties. Early paper, such as wadding paper, Baqiao paper, Juyan paper, Chinese paper, Robnaoer paper, dry beach slope paper, Cai Hou paper, etc. , in the description, but also in modern archaeology. Due to its long history and limited production at that time, these papers were not passed down from generation to generation. Here are some famous papers from the Tang and Song Dynasties.
1, rice paper
Named after being produced in Xuanzhou. It was made before the Tang Dynasty, and sandalwood bark was used as raw material. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, it was made of more than ten kinds of raw materials such as bamboo, hemp and mulberry. Xuan paper is soft and tough, beautiful in texture, white and delicate, and its rubbings are undamaged, which is beneficial to writing and painting. Mo Yun has distinct layers, unique penetration, initial ink absorption, dripping ink and coloring, which can show the unique style of painting and calligraphy, writing with backbone and painting with charm. In addition, it is aging-resistant, moth-proof, heat-resistant and light-resistant, suitable for long-term preservation. Xuan paper, which has the reputation of "Millennium paper" and "king of paper", can be divided into raw Xuan paper, cooked Xuan paper and semi-cooked Xuan paper according to its processing technology. Raw rice paper, also known as base paper, is used directly after production, with strong water absorption and ink wetting, and is strongly used for splash painting and freehand painting. The brush strokes are clear, dry, wet, thick, light and changeable. Cooked rice paper is called cooked rice paper or alum rice paper by soaking alum in raw rice paper. It is made by adding alum, calendering, pulping, filling powder, dark color, sprinkling gold, waxing and sizing. It is not easy to smudge when painting and calligraphy, and it is suitable for neat and meticulous meticulous meticulous painting and writing official script. This paper will leak over time. Hard yellow paper used to write scriptures in the Tang Dynasty and honesty paper in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty are all cooked rice paper. Semi-cooked propaganda is a kind of raw propaganda soaked in various plant juices. It has weak water resistance and is used for writing or painting. It's getting dark, and it's slowly dispersing. Suitable for writing small screens, album pages or drawing part-time Xuan paper is divided into three categories according to the proportion of leather: cotton, clean leather and extra clean leather. Divided into two feet, three feet, four feet, five feet, six feet, seven feet, eight feet, two feet, six feet, four feet, six feet and eight feet. According to the thickness, there are single announcement, double announcement, second floor, third floor and fourth floor. The thinnest rice paper is specially made, which is mainly used for rubbing, copying, printing ancient books, binding and printing spectrum; The product names include Lian Mian, Zhahua, ribs, turtle back, cicada and so on.
2. Xue
Famous works in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. It is a processed dyed paper, named after Xue Tao's invention. Xue Tao, a native of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, lived in Sichuan with her father in her childhood, but after her father died, she became a prostitute. She was good at writing poems and lyrics. At that time, she thought the paper was too big and personally instructed the workers to change the small paper. It is also called "Huanhua Stationery" because it is made by Huanhuaxi near Xue Tao's residence. According to legend, Xue Tao once scattered plant petals on paper and processed them into colored notes. This paper many-hued is exquisite and delicate, also known as "Songhua Stationery". There were imitations in later dynasties.
3. Watermark paper
Famous paper in Tang Dynasty, also known as "flower curtain paper". This kind of paper can display bright lines or patterns except curtain lines when viewed in light, aiming at increasing the potential aesthetic feeling of the paper. There are two methods: one is to weave a texture or pattern with thread on the paper curtain. Because of the curtain, the pulp here is thinner when making paper, so the texture is brighter and appears on the paper; Secondly, molds made of wood or other materials engraved with textures or patterns are pressed on paper with hadrons, just like the watermark patterns of securities paper and currency paper now. Shen's "Total Record of Dan and Lead" said: "In the Tang Dynasty, there was a kind of paper called' Yanbojian', which was covered with water-like paper patterns."
4. Chengxin Tang Paper Industry
Xuan paper produced in Huizhou in the Southern Tang Dynasty is as thin as an egg film, as clean as jade, as thin as 50 feet of paper, and as thin as even from beginning to end. Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, especially loved this kind of paper, and deliberately used the place where he read the memorial to store it for long-term use in the palace, so it was called "Cheng Xin Tang Paper" and was regarded as an artistic treasure by later generations.
5. Thank you.
This is a processed dyed paper, which was invented by Xie Jingchu (10 19- 1084) in the early Song Dynasty, hence the name. Inspired by Xue Tao paper stationery, Xie designed and manufactured "ten kinds of stationery" in Yizhou, that is, ten kinds of special paper for letters. This kind of paper is colorful, novel, elegant and interesting. It has ten colors, such as crimson, pink, apricot, bright yellow, dark blue, light green, light green, green and light cloud, which are just as famous as Xue Tao's notes.
6. Korean paper
Also called Korean paper, Korean tribute paper. Paper produced in ancient Korea (also known as Koguryo, South Korea). Chen's "Negative Record" in the Northern Song Dynasty says: "Korean paper is made of cotton cocoons, white as silk, tough as silk, and lovely to write." This China has nothing, and it is also a wonderful work. "This kind of paper is mainly thick curtains, and the spacing between paper lines is bigger and thicker than that of white paper. Through careful study, most of the Korean paper used for writing in China during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties was mulberry paper. In the Qing Dynasty, China had imitation Korean paper.
7. Golden millet stationery
Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin advocated Buddhism, and the wind of sutra printing prevailed all over the country. In order to meet this need, at that time, she specially made a kind of hard yellow paper with thick and light stripes, also called wax yellow warp paper, or Jinsu stationery. Jinsu Temple is located at the foot of Jinsu Mountain in Haiyan, Zhejiang. Because copying scriptures in the temple requires a lot of paper, it is named "Jin Su Notes". It is characterized by hard and dense texture, light transmission, moth-proof and waterproof, beautiful color and long service life. Although it has lasted for thousands of years, it is like a new system.
8. Bai Luzhi
The name of ancient paper. "Integrity": The Biography of Bai Luzhi was written by Hu Shan. There are three kinds of products: blue, yellow and white. White is bright, clean and lovely, and its toughness is better than Jiangxi paper. "Zhao used it to write and paint, and was called white by his elders. Later, because it was white and indecent, it was renamed Bailuyuan. "
9, tracts of paper
Ancient masterpieces. An excellent white strong writing paper. Huang Songting's poem "Zhang Yuji, the Second Rhyme of Wang Bing's Huiyu Board Paper": "Gutian Xiaojian benefits me a hundred times, and I believe Xi Weng can solve jade." Yuan Fei wrote "Shu Jian Pu": "Today, wood bark is used as paper, while Cai Lun's method is used in Shu, and the paper has jade plates, tributes, classics and luster." Shaoxing official records: "Jade plate paper is as smooth as jade."
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