As we all know, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period was an era of ideological emancipation, with talented people coming forth in large numbers and a hundred schools of thought contending, but although there are many schools of thought, the contention is just a few people. Today, let's see who are contending.
1. The representatives of Confucianism
are Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. The representative works are The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. Confucianism is one of the important schools of thought in the Warring States Period. It takes Confucius as the teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period, takes the six arts as the law, advocates etiquette, music and benevolence, advocates the golden mean, advocates the rule of virtue and benevolent government, and attaches importance to moral and ethical education and people's self-cultivation. Confucianism emphasizes the function of education and advocates teaching without distinction. Politically, he also advocates governing the country with courtesy and serving people with virtue. By the Warring States period, there were eight schools of Confucianism, among which Mencius and Xunzi were the most important.
Second, Taoism
is represented by Laozi, Zhuangzi and Liezi. Representative works include Tao Te Ching, Zhuangzi, Liezi, etc. Taoism is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period. This school is based on Laozi's theory of Tao in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and explains the essence, origin, composition and changes of all things in the universe with Tao. It is believed that heaven does nothing, and all things are naturally transformed. It denies that God and ghosts dominate everything, advocates that Taoism is natural, let nature take its course, and advocates quietism, keeping women soft and being soft. The political ideal is a small country with few people and inaction. After Laozi, Taoism was divided into different factions. There are four famous schools: Zhuangzi School, Yang Zhu School, Song and Yin School and Huang and Lao School.
Third, Mohism
The representative figure is Mozi. His masterpiece is Mozi. Mohism was one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, and its founder was Mo Zhai. This school is based on mutual love and mutual benefit: politically, it advocates respecting sages, Shang Tong and non-aggression; Economically, it advocates strong cost saving; Put forward the idea of respecting heaven and ghosts. At the same time, it emphasizes relying on its own strength.
Fourth, the Legalists
are represented by Han Fei, Li Si and Shang Yang. Masterpiece "Han Feizi" and so on. Legalist school is one of the important schools in the Warring States period. It is called Legalist school because it advocates the rule of law, no intimacy, no dignity, and a break with the law. Economically, this school advocates abolishing mining fields, emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce, politically advocating abolishing enfeoffment, setting up counties and counties, autocratic monarchy, taking advantage of the situation, and ruling by harsh laws; In terms of ideology and education, hundred schools of thought's theory should be forbidden, and the law should be taken as the teaching and the officials as the teacher.
v. Famous artists
The representatives are Deng Xi, Hui Shi, Gong Sunlong and Huan Tuan. His works include Gongsun Longzi and so on. Famous scholars are one of the important schools in the Warring States period, and they are called famous scholars by later generations because of their main academic activities. At that time, people were called debaters, judges or criminals.
VI. The Yin-Yang School
is represented by Zou Yan. The Yin-Yang School is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, which was named after advocating the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and using it to explain social personnel. This school originated from the ruling class in charge of astronomical calendar in ancient times. Yin-yang theory holds that Yin-yang is the opposing and transforming power of things themselves, which can be used to explain the law of development and change of things. The theory of five elements holds that everything is composed of five elements: wood, fire, earth, gold and water, and there are two laws between them, which can be used to explain the origin and change of everything in the universe.
VII. Strategists
Su Qin, Zhang Yi, etc. The strategists were China's advisers who lobbied the vassals and engaged in political and diplomatic activities with the strategy of "vertical and horizontal cooperation" during the Warring States Period. Listed as one of hundred schools of thought. The main representatives are Su Qin and Zhang Yi. During the Warring States Period, the south and the north were vertical, and the west and the east were horizontal. Su Qin advocated the combination of Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Qi and Chu to reject Qin, while Zhang Yi tried to break the combination. The six countries of Lian Heng were in charge of Qin respectively, hence the name. Their activities had an important influence on the changes in the political and military structure during the Warring States Period.
VIII. Miscellany
The representative figure is Lv Buwei, who was a comprehensive school at the end of the Warring States Period. It was named for its combination of Confucianism and Mohism and the method of combining names. The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu compiled by Lv Buwei, a gathering guest of Qin Dynasty, is a typical collection of miscellaneous works.
IX. Peasant family:
Peasant family was one of the important schools in the Warring States period. It is named after paying attention to agricultural production. This was sent from an official who managed agricultural production in ancient times. They believe that agriculture is the foundation of food and clothing and should be put in the first place in all work.
1. Novelist
Novelist, one of the 1 modernists in the pre-Qin period, collects folk tales to examine people's feelings and customs.
Xi. Military strategists
Representative figures are Sun Wu and Sima Yi in the late Spring and Autumn Period; There were Sun Bin, Wuqi, Wei Liao, Wei Wuji, and Bai Qi in the Warring States Period. Military strategists focus on guiding the war and how to use force when they have to use force to achieve their goals. The founder is Sun Wu, and the strategists are divided into four categories: strategist, strategist, strategist and strategist.
12. Physicians
The representative figure is Bian Que, who advocates saving people with medicine, and physicians also refer to all people who practice medicine.