ancient history
Tikal is one of the cultural and population centers of Mayan civilization. The earliest monument here was built in the 4th century BC. The city reached its peak in the Mayan classical period-about 200 AD to 850 AD. Since then, no large monuments have been built. Some palaces were also burned down. People gradually left the city. /kloc-at the end of 0/0, Tikal was completely abandoned in the jungle.
Tikal controls the center of the Mayan lowlands, and wars often occur. According to the inscription, Tikal often allied or fought with some Mayan city-states, including Wushyaktun, caracol, Naranjo and calakmul.
Experts estimate that Tikal may have a population of100,000 to 200,000 at its peak.
The origin of city names
Tikal means "land of sound" or "land of language" in Mayan language. Mayan hieroglyphs on inscriptions often call it Mutal or Jacks Mutal, which means "green bush" and may also be a metaphor of "the first prophecy". These may be ancient names of Tikal.
historical remains
Tikal site includes hundreds of important ancient buildings, only a small part of which has been excavated in recent decades.
Among these striking buildings, there are six stepped pyramids with temples. They were numbered by early explorers. They were built on the top of Tikal Mountain from the end of the 7th century to the beginning of the 9th century. Temple No.1 was built around 695. Temple No.3 was built in 8 10. The largest temple No.4 is 72 meters high and was built in 720. Temple No.5 was completed around 750 AD. The Sixth Temple was built in 766. The city also has the remains of ancient palaces. In addition, there are many small gold pagodas, palaces, houses, stone tablets and some stadiums used for ancient Mayan ball games. There seems to be another place used as a prison, where doors and windows are marked with wooden bars.
Tikal's residential area covers an area of 60 square kilometers, most of which have not been cleaned and excavated.
Tikal is surrounded by a circle of ditches and walls 6 meters wide. Only 9 kilometers have been explored now. It is estimated that this at least covers 125 square kilometers of land. Recent studies have found that this is not only for defensive purposes, but also seems to be part of the canal system.
manager
Currently known Tikal ruler:
Yax Ehb' Xook c. 60- the founder of the dynasty
Siaj Chen Carville Chan I like the stormy sky in the 2nd century.
Yax Ch'aktel Xok c. 200
Balam Ajaw decorated with Jaguar) 292
In 300 BC, Kirnich's Ehbu.
Ihune 'b 'alam (Jaguar) 3 17
Leiden board ruler (Leiden board ruler) 320
Kinich Muvan Joel-died in 359.
Chak 360-378-His palace was not rebuilt by later rulers, but it was preserved as a memorial building. He died on the day that Siyah K'ak arrived in Tikal.
Niguyak Ain, an aristocrat in Teotihuacan, was placed in Tikal in 379, and he ruled for 4 1 1 year.
siyah Chan K ' awil II Stormy Sky II 4 1 1-456
Kan-Akkan Bo 458-486
Ma Jin-Nahan in the late 5th century.
Chak Tok I aak Bahlum Claw Skull) 486-508 His wife is a lady's hand.
Ms. Tikal 5 1 1-527
Kalomte' Balaam reel head or curling head or 19 main 5 1 1-527.
Wak Chan K'awil birds -537-562
Lizard Head II was defeated in the battle with Karakul in 562.
Kinichiwaao 593-628
Kinichiwa Ya 'an —— Mid and Early 7th Century
K 'inich Muwaan Jol II-Mid and Early 7th Century
Hasaw Chan K'awil Moon or Double Moon or Lord Chocolate 682-734- was buried in the No.1 Temple; His queen, Mrs. Dirty Macaw, was buried in Temple No.2; 7 1 1 Beat calakmul.
Yik 'in Chan Kawil, the green Jay on the wall of his wife Shana'Kin Yaxchel Pacal, was the Lord of Rakam Ha from 734 to 766.
Viruer Temple 766-768
Yax Nuun Ayiin II Chitam) 768-790
Dark sun c.8 10
Carville's jewelry K'awil) 849
Jasu Chen Kavair II 869-889
modern history
As a huge ancient site, the news about it was heard in not fade away. Information about Tikal's two or three hands began to be known in the seventeenth century. As the site is far away from modern cities, it was not until 1848 that the first scientific and archaeological expedition came to Tikal. In the19th century and the early 20th century, many expeditions went to Tikal to study, draw maps and take photos.
195 1 year, a small airport was built near the site, which greatly improved the situation that it took many days to walk or ride a mule through the jungle in the past. From 1956 to 1970, the University of Pennsylvania conducted a large-scale archaeological excavation at the site. From 65438 to 0979, the Guatemalan government began a long-term archaeological excavation plan, which continues to this day.
Tikal has been listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List and is open to the public. Tikal National Park consists of three parts: Tikal Site, San Miguel Raparo Tower Ecological Zone and Maya Biosphere Reserve.
nature reserve
Tikal National Park includes several landforms, including hills, swamps and mountains. There are several sedimentary rocks in the national park that preserve geological data from Mesozoic to Tertiary. There are many kinds of jungle patterns in national parks, including swamp rainforests and mountain forests. There are many rare animals and plants living in the jungle. These plants include mahogany with big leaves and mahogany with thick leaves. There are dozens of mammals, such as Ateles geoffroy, Bradypus tridactylus and Eira barbara. Birds include red macaw Ara Macao and so on. Reptiles and amphibians include Bufo Pirelli, a Central American river turtle and several endemic toads. There are more than a dozen kinds of fish, including black sea bream, double sea bream and different sea bream.