A brief introduction to its main contents is as follows: 1. "Huayan Sutra"
The full name is "Dafang Guangfo Huayan Sutra". The Sanskrit name is Buddhavatamsaka-mahavaipulya-sutra. Chinese translations include sixty volumes of the Huayan Sutra translated by Buddha Tuobhadra of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, eighty volumes of the Huayan Sutra translated by Tang Shishananda, and translated by Tang Prajna Forty volumes of the Huayan Sutra of Dafang Guangfo (a separate translation of "Entering the Dharma Realm"). The entire classic is full of idealistic features. The article says: "The illusion of the three realms is only created by this mind; the twelve fates are all based on the mind." It is a teaching and proof of the consciousness-only theory, which has a huge influence on the consciousness-only yoga school in India. For example, Vasubandhu was originally a Hinayana commentator and believed that Mahayana Buddhism was not the teachings of the Buddha. He often criticized and slandered Mahayana. His brother Asuka taught him the Avatamsaka Sutra. "Ten Grounds", he gave up the small for the big, and followed Asanga to learn the Mahayana consciousness-only teachings.
2. "Explanation of the Deep Tantric Sutra"
Sanskrit name: Samdhinirmocana-sutra. Founded in 300 AD. The Chinese translations include five volumes of "The Sutra of Deep Esoteric Liberation" translated by Bodhiliuchi of the Northern Wei Dynasty, five volumes of "The Sutra of Interpretation of the Deep Esoteric Sutra" translated by Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty, and one volume of "The Sutra of Interpretation of Buddhist Explanations" translated by Chen Zhendi (copied translation). The existing commentaries include ten volumes of "Jie Shen Tan Sutra" compiled by Yuan Chai, citing extensive references and preparing the meanings of the Mahayana and Mahayana. This sutra is divided into eight categories: first, the preface; second, the essence of ultimate truth; third, the essence of mind and consciousness; fourth, the essence of all dharmas; fifth, the essence of no self-nature; sixth, , distinguishing yoga products; seventh, ground paramita products; eighth, Tathagata accomplishes things. Important arguments in the sutra:
(Phases of Mind and Consciousness): Describes the names and phases of heart, mind, and consciousness, and explains the transformation of consciousness.
(The quality of all dharma), (The quality of no self-nature): explain the three natures and the three non-natures, show the great meaning of the harmony of nothingness and existence, learn about one multiplication, five surnames and two doors, and judge the teachings of the three seasons The secret of (Three Seasons Judgment) reveals the righteousness but does not reveal the righteousness.
(Discriminating Yoga): Explains the concept of consciousness-only meditation.
3. "Lankava Sutra"
Sanskrit name Lankavatarasutra. Founded around AD 4. The Chinese translations include four volumes of the Lankavatara Sutra translated by Kunabhadra of the Liu Song Dynasty, ten volumes of the Lankavatara Sutra translated by Bodhiliuchi of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and seven volumes of the Mahāyāna Lankavatara Sutra translated by Shishananda of the Tang Dynasty. The purpose of this sutra is to explain the five dharmas, the eight consciousnesses, the three natures, and the two thoughts of selflessness. The sutra combines the thoughts of Alaya Consciousness and Tathagatagarbha, which is the forerunner of the later thoughts of "The Theory of Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana". It had a great influence on the later consciousness-only theory, especially the consciousness-only theory of Dharma protector.
4. "Houyan Sutra"
This sutra has not been spread to China. One theory is that it is the Mahayana Tantric Sutra translated by Rizhao in the Tang Dynasty. The sutra declares that alaya consciousness can manifest all dharmas, and all dharmas that are stained and purified always rely on this consciousness. It also explains that alaya consciousness is different from ordinary saints due to confusion and enlightenment.
5. "The Sutra of the Tathagata's Appearance of Merit and Decoration"
This sutra has not been spread to China.
6. "Abhidharma Sutra"
This sutra has not been spread to China. 1. "Yoghi Earth Treatise"
Sanskrit name: Yogacarabhumi. Maitreya Bodhisattva narrates without writing. The Chinese translations include ten volumes of "The Sutra of the Bodhisattva's Ground" by Beiliang Tanwujue, nine volumes of "The Sutra of the Bodhisattva's Good Precepts" by Liu Song's Qunavarman, three volumes of Chen Zhendi's "The Treatise on the Decision", and "Yogi's Ground" translated by Xuanzang Tripitaka of the Tang Dynasty. "On" one hundred volumes. Among the various translations, Xuanzang's translation is the most detailed.
The content records the author's experience of hearing Maitreya Bodhisattva descend from Tushita Heaven to the lecture hall of Ayotta Kingdom in Central India. It details the yoga practice (Brahma yogacara) and advocates that the objective object is determined by the fundamental heart of human beings. The phenomena falsely manifested by the alaya consciousness (ala=yavijnana) of consciousness must be far away from the opposite concepts of existence and non-existence, existence and non-existence, etc., in order to realize the middle way. It is a great treasure house for studying the thoughts of Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism. Because this treatise extensively explains the seventeen stages (seventeen grounds) followed by yogis who practice the consciousness-only teachings, it is also called the "Seventeen Grounds Treatise". Among the seventeen grounds, the "Bodhisattva Ground" is particularly important. The whole book is divided into five parts:
Local part: The meaning of the seventeen places in the realm of yoga meditation is widely explained, and the seventeen places are captured by the three phases of state, action and fruit. It is the first fifty volumes among the hundred volumes and is the main body of this treatise.
Photographing the decision-making element: highlighting the hidden essence of the Seventeen Grounds, that is, the inexhaustible essence of the decision-making element. It develops the principle of consciousness only, talks about the eight consciousnesses in the situation, describes the Bodhisattva in detail in the behavior, and The fruit talks about unabsorbed nirvana. He also decided to choose the two sutras "Deep Secret" and "Baoji". These two sutras are the foundation of consciousness only. For the next thirty volumes.
Photography and Interpretation: The rules for explaining the sutras are Volume 81 and Volume 82.
Photography and Differentiation: Explanation of the nominal differences of all the dharma in the Sutra, Volume 83 and 84.
Photography: The essence of the Tripitaka is clearly explained, which is the last sixteen volumes.
2. "On Promoting the Holy Religion"
Sanskrit name: Prakaranaryavaca-sastra. A???hāna is created by the teacher. Also known as "General Theory of Public Meanings". Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty translated twenty volumes of "Explaining the Holy Religion". This treatise is composed of the essence of Asuka's abbreviation of "Yogi's Ground", and is divided into eleven categories: the category of capturing things, the category of purifying meaning, the category of achieving one's goodness, the category of impermanence, the category of suffering, the category of emptiness, There are two hundred and fifty-two and a half verses in the "Analysis of Nature", "Analysis of Presentity", "Yaga", "Inconceivable" and "Shengsheng". The treatises extensively talk about emptiness and non-nature, and explain the yoga of discovery. The fundamental treatise on "Zhi-Guan" of Faxiang Sect.
3. "Mahayana Sutra"
Sanskrit name: Mahayana-sutralamkara. It is also called "Mahayana Sutra", "Mahayana Sutra", "Mahayana Sutra", "Zhuang Sutra". Create without attachment. In the Tang Dynasty, Palapomitra translated thirteen volumes of the Mahayana Sutra. In 1898 AD, French scholar S. Levi discovered the Sanskrit version of this treatise in Nepal. The Tibetan translation divides the whole book into two parts: "Song" and "Explanation". The purpose of the entire treatise is to explain the Bodhisattva's motivation, practice, and various methods that should be practiced. The twenty-four articles mainly discuss the essentials of Mahayana, such as (Chengzong's article), which puts forward arguments in defense against the criticism that "Mahayana is not a Buddhist theory". (Bodhi), it further explains that the "Buddha body" is the Bodhi with perfect wisdom, that the Dharma Realm is the same as all living beings, and that all living beings have Buddha nature. In addition, the name of this treatise is completely consistent with the title of "Bodhisattva's Ground" in "Yogi's Ground", so it can be regarded as being created based on (Bodhisattva's Ground). However, the two are completely different in terms of meaning and explanation. They carry forward the characteristics of Mahayana based on the thought of (Bodhisattva Ground), and contain the "Tathagatagarbha Thought" that is unprecedented in "Yogashi Ground".
4. "Samurai Theory"
The Sanskrit name is Pramana-samuccaya. Tibetan name: Tshad-ma Kun-las btus-pa. Written by Dignaga, ancient India. In the Tang Dynasty, Yijing translated it in the second year of Jingyun (711 AD) and published it in four volumes. It was lost soon after. This theory is derived from Chen Na's "The Theory of Righteousness" and other books. Are there any? "Quantity" parts are all collected and compiled into a book of reasons. It is Chen Na's comprehensive work on quantity. The content is divided into six chapters: measuring goods now, comparing goods for oneself, comparing goods for others, and observing. The book includes the categories of metaphor, contemplation, and contemplation of Vasubandhu (Vadavidhi, collected by Rtsod-pa sgrub-pa), the Righteousness School, and the Victory School. , Mimancha School, Samkhya School and other theories of knowledge. This treatise is divided into two parts: one is the original verse, and the other is the author's own comments. Chen Na studies various Buddhist and heretical theories with a critical attitude. Divide quantity into two types: real quantity and proportional quantity, clarify the nature of the two, put forward the three-part theory, and divide "consciousness" into three parts: phase division, seeing division, and self-evidence. The actual quantity theory and the three-part theory developed The epistemology of the Consciousness-Only School; and? "Three-branch approach" is the center, explaining the combination and separation of the three causes, nine-sentence causes, synonyms
, and analyzing various similar causes and similarities. Metaphor and seemingly broken reasoning errors is one of Yin Ming's important works.
5. "Photography of Mahayana"
Sanskrit name Mahayana-samparigraha-sastra. Also known as "Photography" and "Guangbao Dayi Lun". A???hāna is created by the teacher. The Chinese translations include two volumes of "Photography of the Mahayana" translated by Buddha Fanduo of the Later Wei Dynasty, three volumes of "Photography of the Mahayana" translated by Chen Zhendi, and three volumes of "Photography of the Mahayana" translated by Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty. This treatise is an important work on Mahayana Buddhism in India. It mainly explains the essence of the first chapter of the Mahayana Abhidharma, focusing on the views of the Yogacara school. It is divided into ten chapters. The opening chapter of the treatise clearly points out that "Mahayana" is what the real Buddha said. Since the content of this treatise covers all the essentials of Mahayana Buddhism
the sacred teachings, it is called the Treatise on Mahayana.
6. "The Treatise on the Ten Grounds"
Abbreviated as "The Treatise on the Ten Grounds". Made by Vasubandhu Bodhisattva. The Chinese translation version includes twelve volumes of the "Ten Grounds Sutra" translated by Bodhiliu Zhi and Renamati. There is also a Tibetan translation version. It is a work that explains the "Ten Grounds Sutra" (an alternative translation of the "Huayan Sutra - Ten Grounds"). The content mainly explains the stages of Bodhisattva's practice, and the ten levels integrate all good dharma: the first three levels describe the good dharma in the world; the fourth level talks about the appearance of three-vehicle practice; and the last three levels talk about one-vehicle teachings. In the treatise, the argument of "Three Worlds of Mind" was put forward, and Vasubandhu developed it based on the theory of consciousness; when it came to the twelve dependent origins, Vasubandhu explained it as "depending on one mind"; when it came to "return to cessation", Vasubandhu believed that it should start from "Laiye" To achieve liberation through "transformation of consciousness", one should not seek from wrong views such as "I". In this way, the argument of "Three Realms Idealistic" is extended to dye (dependent origination) and pure (return and cessation), all of which are attributed to "Idealistic", and then it is explained that Alaya Consciousness is the total source of the dependent origin of all dharmas.
7. "The Theory of Discrimination Yoga"
What Maitreya Bodhisattva said, Vasubandhu created the explanation. Also known as the theory of taking things away and returning to the view. This theory has not spread to China.
8. "Twenty Consciousness-Only Theory"
The Sanskrit name is Vimsatika vijnapti-matrata-siddhih. Also known as "The Theory of Twenty Consciousness Only" and "The Theory of Destroying the Evil Mountain". Made by Vasubandhu Bodhisattva. The Chinese translations include one volume of "Mahayana Lankavatara" translated by Bodhiliuchi of the Northern Wei Dynasty, one volume of "Mahayana Theory of Consciousness-Only" translated by Tripitaka Chen Zhenyi, and one volume of "Twenty Treatises of Consciousness-Only" translated by Xuanzang of the Tang Dynasty. The content mainly expounds the doctrine of consciousness-only, with the focus on destroying the prejudices of heretics and Hinayana, and focusing on promoting the justice of consciousness-only. In the treatise, the theory of consciousness-only theory in the three realms was first established, and then the seven difficulties were raised to answer the questions raised by heretics and Hinayana regarding the theory of consciousness-only theory, thus forming the theory of "consciousness-only theory of all things". Compared with the "Thirty Verses on Consciousness Only", which directly discusses the meaning of consciousness only, this treatise puts more emphasis on the "realism" of destroying evil (destroying heretics and Hinayana) and shows the meaning of "consciousness only has no realm".
9. "The Second Side of the Debate"
The Sanskrit name is Madhyaanta-vibhaga-tika. Maitreya Bodhisattva preached this verse, and Vasubandhu Vasubandhu created the commentary. The Chinese translations include two volumes of "Lun on the Distinction of the Chinese and the Bian" translated by Chen Zhendi, and three volumes of "Lun on the Distinction of the Chinese and the Bian" translated by Xuanzang Tripitaka of the Tang Dynasty.
The content is an annotation of "Song of Debian Zhongbian Lun" written by Maitreya, which mainly expounds the correct conduct of the Mahayana Middle Path. Based on the viewpoint of consciousness-only theory, the author explains the fundamental thought of Buddhism ||The Middle Way. From the perspective of false distinction, what is taken and what can be taken, and appearance, etc., it is clear about the middle way of "not empty, not not empty", so it is also called "Lisu Zhangzhong Lun".
10. "The Theory of Contemplation of Objects"
Made by the Indian teacher Chen Na. The Chinese version includes a volume of "Contemplation of Objects and Conditions" translated by Tang Xuanzang's Tripitaka, and a volume of "Contemplation of Objects and Conditions" translated by Chen Zhendi. Other different translations include "Contemplation of Objects" and "Contemplation of Objects" included in the Tibetan Tripitaka. "Notes on Object" and so on. In 1929, the Japanese scholar Dr. Yamaguchi Masu produced a French translation. The content is mainly based on the method of understanding the three branches of cause, which reveals that the objects and conditions outside the heart are not existent, and the objects and conditions inside the heart are not non-existent.
11. "Abhidharma Collection"
Sanskrit name Mahayanabhidharma-samuccaya-vyakhya. Also known as "Miscellaneous Collection Theory". A Mixture of Anhui Bodhisattva, translated by Xuanzang Tripitaka in the Tang Dynasty. Sixteen volumes. It is an accompanying annotation of the Mahayana Abhidharma Samhita written by Asanga Bodhisattva. It was originally written by Asuka's disciple Jue Shizi, and was combined and discussed by Anhui. The content summarizes all the Dharma methods of "Yogashidishastra" and collects all the essentials of "Abhidharma Sutra", and takes the three subjects of aggregate, base and realm as the sect. 1. "The Theory of Perfect Consciousness"
Sanskrit name: Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-sastra. Also known as "Consciousness Only Theory" and "Pure Consciousness Only Theory". Dharma protector and so on. Translated by Xuanzang in the Tang Dynasty, it is a glimpse of Ji's writing style. Important annotations include 20 volumes of "Records on the Theory of Consciousness" written by Qu Ji, four volumes of "Zhang Zhong Yao" on the Theory of Consciousness, and 10 volumes of "The Theory of Consciousness Cheng Wei" written by Hui Nuo; "Thirteen volumes; Zhizhou wrote "The Secret of the Theory of Consciousness-only Theory" in fourteen volumes.
2. Commentary
This treatise is the commentary of "Thirty Commentaries on Consciousness Only". It discusses that the fundamental basis of human existence is alaya consciousness. It contains The seeds form the present due to dependent origination, and at the same time create the future, thus unfolding all phenomena in the universe. It is hoped that by observing all dharmas as they appear in the mind, one can realize the truth of all dharmas.
The current summary is as follows:
The first part of Volume 1 to Volume 2 explains the verses such as "Explaining My Dharma from Hypotheses", and denounces attachment to the real self, external ways of the real Dharma, and Hinayana.
Volume 2 to Volume 4 explain the "First Alaya Consciousness" and other verses, clarifying the appearance of Alaya Consciousness.
In Volume 4 to Volume 5, the poem "The Second Can Change" and other verses are discussed to clarify the appearance of mana consciousness.
Volume 5 to Volume 7, commentaries such as "The third and third can change, this mind is everywhere, relying on the fundamental consciousness" and other verses, and the six consciousnesses can be changed in different forms and six consciousnesses. The corresponding mental factors, the locations of the emergence of various consciousnesses, etc.
In Volume 7 to Volume 8, poems such as "This is the transformation of all consciousnesses, from all kinds of consciousness, from all kinds of karma and habits", etc., successively explain the essence of all consciousness-only, the cause and effect of the development of all consciousnesses, The principle of continuation of life and death, etc.
From the middle to the end of Volume 8, the verses such as "Thinking about everything from that to that" are expounded, clarifying the essence of the three natures of "Thinking about everything", such as the nature of "Thinking", the nature of origin, and the nature of perfection.
Volume 9 discusses and explains the verses such as "Based on these three natures" to clarify the essence of the three non-natures.
Volume 10 explains the verses such as "Even before consciousness arises", which explains the appearance of the five positions; the five positions are the steps to realize the nature of consciousness alone. The treatise also cites the teachings of other Yogacara commentators such as Nanda and Chenna in many places.
┌Brief identification of the consciousness-only phase
│ ┌Experienced knowledge can change
┌Understanding the consciousness-only phase┤ ┌Knowing can change the phase┤Contemplation can change
< p>│ │ │ └Situations can be changed│ └Extensive discernment of consciousness-only signs┤Right discernment of consciousness-only signs┌Understanding the arising of mental phenomena
│ │ ┌It is difficult to explain the violation┤
│ └Explaining obstacles and difficulties┤ └Understanding the continuation of emotions
│ │ ┌Understanding the three natures
│ └Explaining violations is difficult┤
│ └Understand the three non-natures
│
│Understand the knowledge-only nature
│ ┌Understand the material status
│ │Mingjia Action position
└The position of clear consciousness┤The position of clear understanding
│The position of clear practice
└The position of the ultimate understanding
1. Consciousness only: it arises from others. Ordinary people and outsiders do not know the wonderful purpose of knowledge-only without realm, and they are attached to the reality outside the mind, which causes the attachment to self-dharmas. Therefore, the commentator initially used various expedients to clearly understand the appearance of consciousness-only and rely on other dharmas to eliminate the two attachments.
2. Consciousness only: that is, the circle becomes reality. Even though I know that the illusion of this mind appears, I have not yet reached its true nature. Therefore, it is clear that only the real nature of consciousness is perfect and real, and the truth is manifested as if it is always abiding.
3. The consciousness-only position: that is, the thirteen residences. Those who understand the true nature of this nature intend to enable sentient beings to cut off their delusions and achieve Buddhahood. However, the merits and virtues of the Buddha's fruition are extremely wonderful and boundless. It cannot be fully realized without a little practice. It must go through three great kalpas, practice immeasurable deeds, accumulate immeasurable good deeds, and practice merits and deeds. Only then can one achieve the Buddha's fruition of the three bodies and ten thousand virtues. The third level of enlightenment is based on knowledge and action.
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The reason why everything is the best is the reason why it corresponds to this, the reason why the two things are reflected, the reason why the three things are different, and the reason why the four things are manifested.