When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed officials, it was diversified. Officials with more than 2,000 stones can make their descendants officials through the appointment system; Rich people can become officials through "election"; The head of Liu Che's sages.
[1] descendants can be taken care of, for example, Jia Yi's two sons are taken care of by the county magistrate. However, what is particularly striking is that Liang Wudi employs people on their own merits and does not stick to one pattern. For example, Wei Ruyun's son-in-law was chosen from the handmaiden. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were selected from slaves and slave children respectively. The Prime Minister Gong Sunhong, Yu Shiguang, and the Prince Zhu and others were all selected from poor civilians. Zhang Tang, Du Zhou and Ting Wei Zhao Yu were selected from petty officials. It is particularly noteworthy that some generals appointed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were Yue and Huns. Jin Mi's younger brother, a prisoner of Xiongnu and a slave who raised horses in the palace, was elected as a senior official and entrusted orphans to Huo Guang and Shangguan Jie. These conditions show that the selection of talents by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty is not limited by class background and ethnic differences. However, this does not mean that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not have standards for employing people, but there were still standards. The standard is "broaden the road of artistic talents and learn from others", and "those who have different talents in counties and counties can make the country unique". In other words, as long as they are willing to fight for the cause of the Han Dynasty, people with artistic talent and talent, people who can be generals and people who can go to distant countries can be appointed. In a word, the standard of employing people is meritocracy. It is precisely because of this that Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty has many talents. Ban Gu was surprised and said, "People who have won the Han Dynasty are prosperous here!" The appearance of this phenomenon deserves serious study.
The curse of witchcraft
The witch disaster in the second year of levy and reconciliation was an important political event in the feudal ruling group in the last years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu's usage is rigorous, and most of his appointments are harsh and cruel officials; The prince is very generous to others, and he tends to be lenient to some things that he thinks are too strict. Although the prince won the hearts of the people, the law enforcement ministers were not happy. Wei Ruyun was afraid that he would be convicted. He often warned the prince to obey the emperor's wishes and not to condone forgiveness without authorization. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard about it, he thought that the prince was right and the queen was wrong. Princes and generous elders are attached to the monarch, and those who use them deeply are destroyed; The reputation of the prince is getting worse and worse because of the evil ministers' multi-party. Wei, the liegeman has no basis, in order to restore his family and fight for the crown prince. 【 governors, generous person attached to the governors. And harsh use to slander the prince. Because treacherous court officials are mostly affiliated, they have less good words and more bad words for the prince. After Wei Qing's death, those courtiers thought that the prince was no longer supported by the matriarchal family, so they competed to frame the prince. Before the disaster of witchcraft, the prince had been framed by Su Wen and others several times. At that time, people believed in the curse of genie, and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was no exception. One day at noon, he was lying in bed and sleeping. Suddenly, he dreamed that thousands of wooden heads with sticks were calling him, which woke him up. He thought someone was cursing him and immediately sent Jiang Chong to investigate. Jiang Chong led the wizard of the conference semifinals to dig wood everywhere, and caught those who used witchcraft to harm people, stayed out at night and claimed to be ghosts. He also ordered people to sprinkle blood in some places in advance, and then interrogated the arrested people, pointing out that those places stained with blood were places where they used witchcraft to harm people, and imposed the punishment of burning them with iron tongs to force them to confess. So people falsely accuse each other of harming people with witchcraft; Officials often take part in illegally turning others into stone statues of Liu Che.
Go against the path. Tens of thousands of people died from the capital Chang 'an and Sanfu areas to counties and countries. Sun Jingsheng, the son of Prime Minister Gong Sunhe, was a servant at that time. He is arrogant and refuses to serve the law. Unauthorized use of military expenditure of 6,543,809,000 yuan was arrested and imprisoned after the defeat. At that time, Zhu Shian, the warrior of Yangling, was wanted by Emperor Wu. Gongsun He asked the emperor to let him hunt him down to redeem his son, and Emperor Wu agreed. Gong Sunhe went through all kinds of hardships to arrest Zhu Shian, and his son's crime will be forgiven. Unexpectedly, he held a grudge and said with a smile, "The Prime Minister has a grudge against Zong. Bamboo in Nanshan is not enough for me, and wood in the diagonal valley is not enough for me. " The Prime Minister led the disaster to his home. The bamboo in Zhong Nanshan can't write down the charges I want to report, and the trees in Xiegu are not enough to be used as shackles for those involved. So he wrote to the court in prison, claiming that he was having an affair with the daughter of Emperor Wu, and buried wooden figures in the emperor's driveway to curse the emperor and other events. Emperor Wu was furious, and Gong Sunhe and his son died in prison. Yang Shi Princess, Princess Zhu Yi and Wei Qing's son Changping Wei Hou Eva were all implicated and killed one after another. Seeing that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty could kill his daughter, Jiang Chong became more confident and bold. He asked the wizard to say to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Someone in the palace cursed the emperor. It is very toxic. If those wooden heads are not dug out, the emperor will not get better. " So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Jiang Chong to visit Woodenhead in the palace with a large number of people. They started from the estranged harem of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and searched all the way to the living rooms of Wei Ruyun and Liu Yuxin. The ground was all over the place, and there was no room for the prince and queen to put their beds. In order to set it up, Jiang Chong took advantage of people's inattention and took out Woodenhead prepared in advance, boasting that: "Woodenhead dug the most in his grandmother's womb, and he also found a silk book written by the prince, which cursed the emperor. We should tell the emperor immediately and do his death. " At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was recuperating in Ganquan Palace, not in Chang 'an. He summoned Shi De, the young master of the Prince, for fear of being implicated, and said, "The Prime Minister, the Gongsunhe family, the two princesses and the Changping family all died because of witchcraft. Now, the boy catcher has been dug up in the prince's palace. I don't know the evil of witchcraft, but it will really exist. It goes without saying (I don't know whether it is set by a wizard or really exists, and we can't explain it clearly ourselves). I am disgusting. (Besides, the emperor was in Ganquan Palace for illness, and the queen and the people we sent were prevented from reporting. Now I can't see the emperor at all, and I don't even know if the emperor is here. Treacherous court officials did all these things. Did the prince forget how the prince Fu Su of the Qin Dynasty died? ) "It is suggested that the prince act beyond his authority, arrest Jiang Chong and others, and trace their conspiracy. The prince quickly agreed to Shi De's opinion. In the second year of Zheng He (before 9 1), at noon in July, the prince sent a hypothetical person to collect Jiang Chong and others. Jiang Chong's assistant Han said that he doubted the identity of the emissary, refused to be summoned and was killed. The prince sent someone to inform the queen and distributed weapons to the guards. The prince announced to his ministers that Jiang Chong had rebelled and killed him. At that time, Su Wen, another assistant of Jiang Chong, fled to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and complained to him. At first, Emperor Wu didn't believe this and sent messengers to call the prince, but the messengers were afraid to go to the prince and reported to him, "The prince has become a prince and wants to behead the minister, and the minister has escaped." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious and ordered Prime Minister Liu Quming to lead troops to quell the chaos. The prince came to the south gate of the northern army barracks, stood in the car, summoned Ren An, the envoy of the northern army, and issued an order to Jeff, ordering Ren An to send troops. But Ren went back to camp after Amber Festival and stayed at home. The prince took people away and armed tens of thousands of citizens in Chang 'an four cities. Outside the west gate of Changle Palace, I met the army led by Prime Minister Liu Quteming and fought fiercely with the Prime Minister's army for five days, killing and injuring tens of thousands of people. It is widely rumored that the prince rebelled in Chang 'an, and the people dare not attach themselves to the prince, but the power of the prime minister is constantly strengthening. Finally, the prince was weak, defeated and had to flee Chang 'an. Ren Tian, the gatekeeper, let the prince escape from Chang 'an, and Liu Qute, the prime minister, tried to kill Ren Tian. The physician said to the Prime Minister, "Si Zhi is a 2,000-stone official of the imperial court, so he should be invited first. How could he kill him without authorization! " So the Prime Minister released Ren Tian. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty heard about this incident, he flew into a rage and arrested him with a violent victory. He asked him, "Why should the conspirators go straight and be killed by the Prime Minister to stop them?" He was frightened by the violent victory and committed suicide. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent a letter to Wan Yanzheng and Liu Ganfeng, who was in charge of Jinwu, asking them to get the queen's seal. Wei Zifu chose to commit suicide. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty beheaded Ren An and Ren Tianyi, and all the guests of the Prince were executed. Anyone who follows the prince to send troops will be extinct according to the crime of rebellion; All the officials and ranks at all levels who were forced by the prince out of real intentions were exiled to Dunhuang County. At the same time, Liang Wudi let people chase the prince and make him Hou. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very angry, and the ministers were worried and afraid, and they didn't know what to do. Elder Hu Guansan ordered Gu Mao to write a letter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to redress the grievances of the Prince. He claimed that if the prince entered, he would not see him. If he retired, he would be trapped in the chaos and could not bear to be angry. He began to kill and charge, fearing that he would escape and that his son would steal his father's soldiers to save his life. I secretly think there is no evil heart. (The prince enters, but he can't see the emperor. When he retreated, he was troubled by the framed by the rebels. He is wronged by himself and has nowhere to complain. He couldn't help feeling resentful and killed Jiang Chong, but he was forced to flee for fear that the emperor would punish him. As the son of your majesty, the prince embezzled his father's army only to save himself from being framed by others, and there was no evil intention. The prince fled to Huxian County (now Lingbao West, Henan Province) and hid in the spring pigeon. The master's family is poor, and he often weaves and sells straw sandals to support the prince. An acquaintance of the prince's lived in Huxian County and heard that he was rich. The prince sent someone to look for him, so the news leaked out. 19 1 1 August (the eighth day of the year), local officials rounded up the prince. Knowing that he could not escape, the prince went back to the house and hanged himself. The master died in a fight with the man looking for the prince, and the two emperors and grandchildren were also killed together. The prince has three sons and one daughter, who is called Sun (the father) in the history books. They were all killed because of witchcraft rebellion, leaving only one grandson, who was later renamed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. For a long time, I didn't believe in witchcraft After investigation, it is found that most of the criminal acts reported by officials and ordinary people are false. As everyone knows, the prince is afraid of ulterior motives and will sleep in the sky for a long time and suddenly change his mind. He sued the prince for injustice, saying, "It is a sin to punish the son for messing with his father and soldiers; The son of the son of heaven killed someone by mistake. Why not? I dreamed that a Chinese Pulsatilla taught me to speak. " So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty woke up and immediately appointed Tian as a great hero, and ordered the river to be full of portals and burned to death on the bridge. Those who once blocked the prince's weapons were also killed one after another. Shang pitied the innocence of the prince, so he sent someone to build a palace in Huxian county, named "Thinking of Uterus", and also built a high platform named "Looking for Home" to pin his thoughts on Ji and his two grandchildren, which made the world feel sad.
Old age life
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty killed too much in his later years, and he was quite repentant. Li Guangli's attack on the Huns was unfavorable, and the whole army was wiped out. He prayed for the fairy to fail, and the father and son ate each other. Liu Yuxin committed suicide because of witchcraft. All kinds of blows made Emperor Wu disheartened and regretted what he had done in the past. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty boarded the Baiming Hall in Mount Tai, he wrote "Guilty Imperial Decree" in Luntai Palace (not Luntai in Xinjiang): "Guilty Imperial Decree in Luntai". "Since I acceded to the throne, everything I have done has made the world miserable, and I can't regret it. Let those who have harmed the people and ruined the world from today! " Admit a mistake. Therefore, the world gradually restored harmony, which laid the foundation for the prosperity of Zhao Xuan and ZTE. The history book "Imperial edict of internal strife" records: "What I have done since I acceded to the throne has made the world miserable, and I can't regret it. From today on, if there is anything that hurts the people and destroys the world, let it go. It is emphasized that "today's task is to ban violence, stop being good at giving and help farmers." "It's not a question of lack of equipment to fill horses. In 88 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked the painter to draw a picture of the Duke of Zhou returning to the DPRK and gave it to Huo Guang, meaning that Huo Guang assisted his youngest son Liu Fuling as emperor. In order to prevent the young mother of the prince, Mrs Gou Jian, from repeating the mistakes of the weighing system, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made up his mind to find an excuse to execute her. In February 87 BC, Emperor Ding Mao of the Han Dynasty died in Zuo Wu Palace at the age of 70. In March, Shen Jia was buried in Maoling.
Luntai imperial edict
The death of his son and military defeat in his later years dealt a serious blow to the spirit and thought of Emperor Wu. In the fourth year of Zheng He (89 BC), he said to the ministers: I have done many wrong things since I became king, which made the people all over the world sad. Now it is too late to regret it. All things that hurt people and waste property will be suspended in the future. Prime Minister Tian suggested that many scribes talk about immortals, but all of them had no effect and should be dismissed. After hearing this, Emperor Wu said: I was so stupid that I was cheated by the alchemist. In fact, there are no immortals in the world. They are all alchemists who try to mislead people. Paying attention to diet and medication can reduce diseases. As a result, all the alchemists were fired. Just as Emperor Wu deeply regretted what he had done in the past, Sang Hongyang, a captain of Sousu, and others wrote a letter, demanding that the ranks be sent to Luntai (now southeast of luntai county, Xinjiang) to open up wasteland and severely punish the satrap and captain of the frontier county, so as to strengthen the management of the frontier fortress bonfire, select elite soldiers and save food and grass. Although this proposal is conducive to consolidating border defense, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not agree. In response to the petition of Sang Hongyang and others, he issued an imperial edict, which is the famous imperial edict of the crime of wheel platform. In the imperial edict, Emperor Wu said: I don't know who I am, and I took a taxi, ... and sent tens of thousands of troops. ..... The Han army broke the city, eating at most, and the soldiers were not enough to be teachers. The strong try to eat livestock, and the winner dies thousands. The imperial edict went on to say: there was a minister who wanted to benefit the people and gave him 30 noodles. He was old, weak and lonely and had a heavy burden. Now, please send Tian Luntai, a taxi driver who is more than 1,000 miles away ... Now, please send Tian Luntai to repair the pavilion tunnel, which will disturb the people and not benefit the people. I can't bear to smell it today Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also stressed that it is imperative to ban violence, stop taxing and help farmers. As for the Mafu decree, it is only used to make up for the lack of equipment. The promulgation of the crime of rotating Taiwan has been written, which is a major change in the ruling policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It shows that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has made up his mind not to take the initiative to fight against the Huns, but to focus on developing agriculture and advocating farming to resume production. In order to realize this policy, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty not only ordered not to return to the army, but also made Prime Minister Tian a rich man for four years to enjoy his old age and support the people. At the same time, he also appointed Zhao Guo as the captain of Sousu, promoted the method of substituting farmland, and reiterated in a letter that the current task is to strengthen agriculture. Emperor Wu devoted his life to strengthening centralization, established a consolidated and unified Western Han Empire, and laid the foundation for the vast territory of the Chinese nation. At the same time, however, during his reign, he was arrogant and extravagant, with numerous punishments, extravagant palaces, westernization and westernization, confused and over-cruising, which made the people tired and became thieves. According to Sima Guang's evaluation, there are very few people who are different from Qin Shihuang. However, the loss of Qin State in the Western Han Dynasty is closely related to the later change of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died in the second year of Yuan Dynasty (87 BC) before he could fully implement his policy of sharing interest with the people. His successor, Zhao He, insisted on the policy of comforting the people formulated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in his later years, so the Zhao situation praised by later generations appeared in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty.