First, there is no heavy historical culture as the foundation.
The ancestors of Manchu people were Jurchen of nomadic tribes outside the customs. In order to facilitate the management and development of culture and education, Akuta, the leader of Manchu, invented a script called "Pre-Manchu". In the17th century, Nurhachi unified the tribes of Nuzhen, established the Jin Dynasty, and became.
He used Chinese characters and Qidan characters for reference, constantly adjusted and improved Manchu, and gradually standardized it. Obviously, compared with the heavy history of Chinese characters, the development history of Manchu is very short. Without a heavy historical and cultural foundation, it is difficult to develop in the Qing Dynasty, which was dominated by the Han nationality.
Second, there is no strong user base to support it.
When the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the total population of Han nationality in China reached 70 million to 80 million, while the total population of the Qing Dynasty was only over 300,000, which was quite different. Minorities have little influence in promoting the development of their language in a large group. Even if the Han people have the idea of learning Manchu, it is empty talk that Manchu is not enough to teach.
It is not unreasonable for the government to set up schools to promote Manchu culture, but for the Qing dynasty, which just entered the customs, there is not enough economy as the backing, the foundation of the Qing dynasty is not stable, and the anti-Qing restoration forces seriously threaten the Qing government. In this case, the Qing government did not dare to force Han Chinese to learn Manchu. Moreover, the vast majority of Han Chinese are influenced by Confucianism, unwilling to accept foreign things, and exclude people who learn Manchu from their hearts. It can be seen that the use of a language needs the support of groups, otherwise it is difficult to spread and implement.
Third, the ruler's rule needs.
The emperor shunzhi was exposed to Chinese since he was a child. He likes reading chinese's books and feels the powerful charm of China culture. After entering the Central Plains, basically all ancient books and monographs are recorded in Chinese characters, and learning Manchu is useless. And his prime minister, Fan Wencheng, is a well-read and knowledgeable Han Chinese. Under his influence, the emperor also liked China culture more. In addition, in order to stabilize the overall situation and rule, the court did not force Manchu culture, but adopted a natural attitude. Without the backing and strength, there is naturally no promotion.